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Subway construction in Munich, developments in tunnelling with shotcrete support
2 I()A for each time step with an iterative correction method. Characteristic values are obtained from measured values by back analysis. Auth.
875307 Control of floor heave with proper mine design - three case studies Hsiung, S M; Peng, S S
Min Sci Technol V4, N3. March 1987, P257-272 Three case studies of excessive floor heave in underground mines are presented. Finite element modelling was used to identify causes of heave and remedial measures, and to evaluate effectiveness of mine layout design in controlling floor heave. Five different chain pillar designs were evaluated. Mine layout design must consider the interaction of roof, pillar, and floor, rather than just select pillar size for overburden support. as is the tradition, if it is to be effective.
Underground excavation failure mechanisms 875311 Pillar reliability evaluation with due regard for time factor in the process of maintaining stability of large underground caverns Kazikaev, J M; Zhourin, S N Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns,
Heisinki, 25-28 August 1986 V1. P673-680. Publ O.\[brd: Pergamon Press. 1986 Many complex and interacting factors affect mine pillar stability, thus precluding the use of deterministic relationships for prediction of long term behaviour. A probabilistic method is proposed to describe wall progressive failure, based on 25 years of field observations. Results obtained allow estimation of long term stability, taking into account the age of the workings and rock mass structural and strength characteristics.
Tunnels 875308 Evaluation of rock mass condition in the vicinity of large-scale caverns in mountain slopes as affected by high tectonic stresses Stepanov, V Y; Vdovin, G K Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns,
Helsinki, 25-28 August 1986 VI, P717-724. Publ Oxford." Pergamon Press, I986 In situ stress distribution in mountain slopes is described. The stability of powerhouse caverns in mountain slopes is analysed for two room and single room configurations, and for single rooms of different shapes. The stress distributions and probable failure zones around the structures are presented for field measured stress conditions and for the case of gravitational loading only (no tectonic stress).
8753O9 Influence of the geostresses on the stability of large rock caverns Tao Zhen-Yu; Zhao Zhen-Ying: Yang Shi-Qing Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns,
Helsinki, 25-28 August 1986 VI. P737-744. Publ Oxford." Pergamon Press, 1986 Stress fields around underground openings have been investigated by laboratory testing of scale models in gypsum. Stress distributions at different lateral pressures and at different stages of investigation have been examined. The influences of shape, faults in the rock mass and other adjacent underground structures on cavern stability have been studied.
875310 Stability estimation of large rock cavern by in situ stress measurements Sugawara, K; Obara, Y; Akimoto, M; Aoki. T Proc International Symposium on Engineering in Complex Rock Formations, Beijing, 3-7 November, 1986 P135-141.
Pub/Beijing." Science Press. 1986 The hemispherical ended borehole technique for measurement of in situ stresses is described, and its use in assessing the stability of a large rock cavern in a complex rock formation is demonstrated. Results are seen to compare well with those of three dimensional boundary element analysis. A method to examine the extent of the failure zone around the cavern and the practical strength of the rock mass forming the ground arch is described.
See also. 875128 875312 Observation of the effects of shallow tunnels on buried services Owen, R C Ground Engng V20, N2, March 1987, P21-28 Observations made during two large resewerage schemes are presnted. Sewers up to 2.0m diameter were constructed by soft ground techniques in predominantly glacial and alluvial silts and cla}s. Site measurements of ground movements and strains on buried pipes are compared with those predicted in the usual manner. The difficulties in defining ground conditions at shallow depths in urban areas and in predicting settlement are highlighted. 875313 Subway construction in Munich, developments in tunnelling with shotcrete suppport Hochmuth, W; Krischke, A; Weber, J
Rock 34ech Rock Engng V20, N1. Jan-March 1987, PI-38 Thirteen years experience of tunnelling with shotcrete support in the Munich metro is summarised. The subsoil conditions, shotcrete methods, measures against groundwater, and support (ribs, reinforcement, anchors) are described. Excavation procedures for single track tunnels in Tertiary and Quaternary soils, and for multitrack or platform tunnels, where the larger cross-section presents stand-up time problems, are presented. Construction of the lining, contractual terms, quality control. safety, and settlement monitoring after construction are described. All features are discussed in terms of cost savings compared with other construction methods under the given conditions. 875314 Undersea road links Alesund with its airport Martin, D Tunn Tunnig V19. N3, March 1987, P20-24 Two unlined undersea tunnels will link the island of Alesund. Norway. with the mainland. Site investigation to determine sea bed rock quality used seismic reflection and refraction and geoelectrical methods. Geological mapping and previous investigations showed good quality rock betv,'een fault zones, and the project was planned on this basis. Tunnelling is proceeding by drill and blast, with probe holes drilled ahead of the face to detect fault zones. Support is by bolts, netting, and shotcrete, with cast-in-place concrete linings at fault zones.
~, 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
875307 Control of floor heave with proper mine design - three case studies Hsiung, S M; Peng, S S
Min Sci Technol V4, N3. March 1987, P257-272 Three case studies of excessive floor heave in underground mines are presented. Finite element modelling was used to identify causes of heave and remedial measures, and to evaluate effectiveness of mine layout design in controlling floor heave. Five different chain pillar designs were evaluated. Mine layout design must consider the interaction of roof, pillar, and floor, rather than just select pillar size for overburden support. as is the tradition, if it is to be effective.
Underground excavation failure mechanisms 875311 Pillar reliability evaluation with due regard for time factor in the process of maintaining stability of large underground caverns Kazikaev, J M; Zhourin, S N Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns,
Heisinki, 25-28 August 1986 V1. P673-680. Publ O.\[brd: Pergamon Press. 1986 Many complex and interacting factors affect mine pillar stability, thus precluding the use of deterministic relationships for prediction of long term behaviour. A probabilistic method is proposed to describe wall progressive failure, based on 25 years of field observations. Results obtained allow estimation of long term stability, taking into account the age of the workings and rock mass structural and strength characteristics.
Tunnels 875308 Evaluation of rock mass condition in the vicinity of large-scale caverns in mountain slopes as affected by high tectonic stresses Stepanov, V Y; Vdovin, G K Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns,
Helsinki, 25-28 August 1986 VI, P717-724. Publ Oxford." Pergamon Press, I986 In situ stress distribution in mountain slopes is described. The stability of powerhouse caverns in mountain slopes is analysed for two room and single room configurations, and for single rooms of different shapes. The stress distributions and probable failure zones around the structures are presented for field measured stress conditions and for the case of gravitational loading only (no tectonic stress).
8753O9 Influence of the geostresses on the stability of large rock caverns Tao Zhen-Yu; Zhao Zhen-Ying: Yang Shi-Qing Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns,
Helsinki, 25-28 August 1986 VI. P737-744. Publ Oxford." Pergamon Press, 1986 Stress fields around underground openings have been investigated by laboratory testing of scale models in gypsum. Stress distributions at different lateral pressures and at different stages of investigation have been examined. The influences of shape, faults in the rock mass and other adjacent underground structures on cavern stability have been studied.
875310 Stability estimation of large rock cavern by in situ stress measurements Sugawara, K; Obara, Y; Akimoto, M; Aoki. T Proc International Symposium on Engineering in Complex Rock Formations, Beijing, 3-7 November, 1986 P135-141.
Pub/Beijing." Science Press. 1986 The hemispherical ended borehole technique for measurement of in situ stresses is described, and its use in assessing the stability of a large rock cavern in a complex rock formation is demonstrated. Results are seen to compare well with those of three dimensional boundary element analysis. A method to examine the extent of the failure zone around the cavern and the practical strength of the rock mass forming the ground arch is described.
See also. 875128 875312 Observation of the effects of shallow tunnels on buried services Owen, R C Ground Engng V20, N2, March 1987, P21-28 Observations made during two large resewerage schemes are presnted. Sewers up to 2.0m diameter were constructed by soft ground techniques in predominantly glacial and alluvial silts and cla}s. Site measurements of ground movements and strains on buried pipes are compared with those predicted in the usual manner. The difficulties in defining ground conditions at shallow depths in urban areas and in predicting settlement are highlighted. 875313 Subway construction in Munich, developments in tunnelling with shotcrete suppport Hochmuth, W; Krischke, A; Weber, J
Rock 34ech Rock Engng V20, N1. Jan-March 1987, PI-38 Thirteen years experience of tunnelling with shotcrete support in the Munich metro is summarised. The subsoil conditions, shotcrete methods, measures against groundwater, and support (ribs, reinforcement, anchors) are described. Excavation procedures for single track tunnels in Tertiary and Quaternary soils, and for multitrack or platform tunnels, where the larger cross-section presents stand-up time problems, are presented. Construction of the lining, contractual terms, quality control. safety, and settlement monitoring after construction are described. All features are discussed in terms of cost savings compared with other construction methods under the given conditions. 875314 Undersea road links Alesund with its airport Martin, D Tunn Tunnig V19. N3, March 1987, P20-24 Two unlined undersea tunnels will link the island of Alesund. Norway. with the mainland. Site investigation to determine sea bed rock quality used seismic reflection and refraction and geoelectrical methods. Geological mapping and previous investigations showed good quality rock betv,'een fault zones, and the project was planned on this basis. Tunnelling is proceeding by drill and blast, with probe holes drilled ahead of the face to detect fault zones. Support is by bolts, netting, and shotcrete, with cast-in-place concrete linings at fault zones.
~, 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted