- Email: [email protected]
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Dental Caries among Children 0-5 Years Old in Mississippi
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6
Poster Session: Wellness and Public Health Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Dental Caries among Children 0-5 Years Old in Mississippi
Behavior-Specific Motivations for Decreasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among Adults in Southwest Virginia
Author: R. Mathews; Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS
Author(s): K.J. Porter, J.K. Li, P.E. Estabrooks, E. Dohm, J.M. Zoellner; HNFE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
Learning Outcome: Participants will learn the prevalence of dental caries among children under the age of 5 and its association to sweet beverages.
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify five behavior-specific motivations to reduce SSB intake among adults in Southwest Virginia.
Children entering public school with dental caries experience pain and are absent more often. Sugar-sweetened beverages may be associated with the rise in dental caries, however, there are few large population studies that quantify this association among children under the age of 5. From October 2010 to March 2011, dental hygienists screened and provided fluoride varnish at 79 child care centers in 6 counties of the Mississippi Delta. Untreated dental caries were recorded. Parents were asked about eating, drinking, brushing and dental visits. Chi square tests were performed to analyze the relationship between dental needs and lifestyle factors. A total of 1,612 children were screened. Twenty-six percent (26%) of participants were 6 mos-2 years old (n¼407), 31% were 3 years old (n¼495) and 43% were 4-5 years old (n¼692). Overall, 22% of children had untreated tooth decay (n¼358), 9% of 6 mos-2 year olds, 23% of 3 year olds and 31% of 4-5 year olds. Forty-one percent of parents reported sweetened drinks as their child’s regular drink while about 58% reported water or milk. Overall, untreated decay was found to be significantly associated with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and with children who reportedly brushed their teeth without assistance of a parent or guardian. Stratification by age showed an association between these factors for 6 mos-2 year olds. Family lifestyle changes in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and supervision of teeth brushing could prevent and alleviate dental caries. WIC nutritionists, dental, child care providers and parents should team together to promote oral and overall health.
Decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is an important focus for behavioral interventions, particularly in Appalachia, because of high prevalence of excessive consumption, high contribution to dietary intake, and association with preventable disease. However, little is known about specific individual motivations to decrease SSB. Identifying these motivations would allow interventionists to better design recruitment materials for SSB-reduction programs and better address motives during program delivery (i.e., incorporate specific motivations or help participants build personalized motivations). This cross-sectional, secondary study utilizes motivations from personal action plans completed during the first intervention activity of Talking Health, an RCT assessing the effectiveness of SIPsmartER, a multi-component, health literacy intervention to reduce SSB intake. Participants (n¼134) were from Southwest Virginia, 90% Non-Hispanic White, 81% female, 34% high-school educated, 67% making $25,000, and 37% low health literate. The average age was 43.5 (SD¼12.8). Two trained researchers coded motivations as personalized or not. Then, they coded motivation content using an iterative, inductive process. Codes were combined into categories. Number of meaning units within codes and categories were tallied, and proportion of personalized motivations were calculated. Participants mentioned 2.191.07 motivations, and 32% of motivations were personalized. Participants identified five motivation content categories: weight (60%), general health (54%), specific diseases (34%), interpersonal (19.4%) and other health conditions (8%). These findings will be applied to refine future SIPsmartER recruitment materials and adapt program delivery to highlight these motives. Future efforts will also determine how motivations change over time and if content or personalization of motives impact SSB reductions.
Funding Disclosure: Office of Oral Health, MSDH and Delta Health Alliance HRSA Grant #U1FRH07411 and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station
Funding Disclosure: SIPsmartER: A nutrition literacy approach to reducing sugar sweetened beverages (1R011CA154364)
Vegetable Preferences, Cooking Methods, Purchasing Frequencies and Self-Efficacy: Gender Differences in a Convenience Sample of Adults Author(s): S.M. Nickols-Richardson1, B. Ellison2, K.M. Chapman-Novakofski1; 1Food Science and Human Nutrition, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 2Agricultural and Consumer Economics, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify differences between men and women in preferences, cooking methods, purchases and self-efficacy of selected vegetables. Background: Understanding gender differences in vegetable preferences and intakes may assist in designing gender-specific strategies for achieving dietary goals for vegetables. Methods: This exploratory study was conducted to identify differences in selected behaviors regarding vegetable intakes in a convenience sample of 538 men and 541 women. Adults (mean ageSD¼44.915.2 y) completed an anonymous online survey (Qualtrics) by responding to questions about vegetable consumption. Significance between genders was determined by independent t-tests. Results: Compared to men, women expressed a stronger preference for broccoli and green beans (both P<.05), cauliflower (P¼.001), squash (P<.01) and zucchini (P<.001), while men expressed a stronger liking for tomatoes (P<.05). Men and women equally preferred carrots, peas, brussel sprouts, corn, potatoes and okra. Men self-reported more frequent intakes of potatoes (P<.05) and tomatoes (P<.01) than did women. Women reported more frequent steaming of carrots (P<.05), roasting of cauliflower and Brussel sprouts (both P<.05), frying of okra (P<.05), roasting of squash (P<.05) and potatoes (P<.01), sautéing of squash and green beans (both P<.05), zucchini (P<.001) and potatoes (P<.01) and grilling of squash (P<.05), while men reported more frequent frying of peas (P<.01) and steaming of okra (P<.05). Women, compared to men, self-reported greater frequency of purchasing frozen vegetables (P<.001) and purchasing fresh vegetables (P<.01). Women were more likely to indicate confidence in increasing vegetable availability in the home (P<.001), eating 2-3 servings of vegetables/day (P<.05) and cooking vegetables with herbs/spices (P<.001). Conclusion: Identified differences may be used in programs designed to increase vegetables intakes in men and women.
Dietary Acculturation of Asian Indian International Students Author(s): L. Ashy, A.R. Shows, J. Chen, C.S. Ruiz; Family and Consumer Sciences, Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to list factors that affect dietary acculturation of Asian Indian international students. Asian Indians are one of the fastest-growing immigrant populations in the United States (US). Adverse health effects of moving from one’s country of origin are widespread among immigrant groups. This study was designed to explore dietary patterns among Asian Indian international students at two universities in the southern US. The electronically-administered 20-minute survey included items on demographics, dietary patterns, and food behaviors. Dietary acculturation scores were derived from responses. Mean age of the 97 respondents was 24.53.1 years. Males accounted for 78.4% (n¼76) of participants. Most students were single, lived in apartments, and had Indian roommates. Length of residence in the US was 1.51.8 years. Dietary acculturation scores were positively associated with respondents’ perceived adaptation to American food culture (p¼.020), perceived “excellent” English-speaking skills (p¼.049), and frequency of eating on campus (p¼.038). Males tended to have higher dietary acculturation scores than females (p¼.058). Compared to men, women reported eating more traditional Indian foods (p¼.023). Dietary acculturation scores were negatively related to access to traditional Indian foods in local stores (p¼.036). Students residing in the US for at least two years had higher dietary acculturation scores than those who reported being in the country less than one year (p¼.022). Dietary acculturation scores were unrelated to weight change since arriving in the US. Nutrition/dietetics practitioners on college campuses may use information from this study to provide Indian students with culturally competent health strategies that involve maintaining traditional eating patterns while integrating healthy Western foods into the diet. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: McCormick Science Institute
September 2015 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 115 Number 9
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-75
Poster Session: Wellness and Public Health Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Dental Caries among Children 0-5 Years Old in Mississippi
Behavior-Specific Motivations for Decreasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among Adults in Southwest Virginia
Author: R. Mathews; Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS
Author(s): K.J. Porter, J.K. Li, P.E. Estabrooks, E. Dohm, J.M. Zoellner; HNFE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
Learning Outcome: Participants will learn the prevalence of dental caries among children under the age of 5 and its association to sweet beverages.
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify five behavior-specific motivations to reduce SSB intake among adults in Southwest Virginia.
Children entering public school with dental caries experience pain and are absent more often. Sugar-sweetened beverages may be associated with the rise in dental caries, however, there are few large population studies that quantify this association among children under the age of 5. From October 2010 to March 2011, dental hygienists screened and provided fluoride varnish at 79 child care centers in 6 counties of the Mississippi Delta. Untreated dental caries were recorded. Parents were asked about eating, drinking, brushing and dental visits. Chi square tests were performed to analyze the relationship between dental needs and lifestyle factors. A total of 1,612 children were screened. Twenty-six percent (26%) of participants were 6 mos-2 years old (n¼407), 31% were 3 years old (n¼495) and 43% were 4-5 years old (n¼692). Overall, 22% of children had untreated tooth decay (n¼358), 9% of 6 mos-2 year olds, 23% of 3 year olds and 31% of 4-5 year olds. Forty-one percent of parents reported sweetened drinks as their child’s regular drink while about 58% reported water or milk. Overall, untreated decay was found to be significantly associated with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and with children who reportedly brushed their teeth without assistance of a parent or guardian. Stratification by age showed an association between these factors for 6 mos-2 year olds. Family lifestyle changes in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and supervision of teeth brushing could prevent and alleviate dental caries. WIC nutritionists, dental, child care providers and parents should team together to promote oral and overall health.
Decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is an important focus for behavioral interventions, particularly in Appalachia, because of high prevalence of excessive consumption, high contribution to dietary intake, and association with preventable disease. However, little is known about specific individual motivations to decrease SSB. Identifying these motivations would allow interventionists to better design recruitment materials for SSB-reduction programs and better address motives during program delivery (i.e., incorporate specific motivations or help participants build personalized motivations). This cross-sectional, secondary study utilizes motivations from personal action plans completed during the first intervention activity of Talking Health, an RCT assessing the effectiveness of SIPsmartER, a multi-component, health literacy intervention to reduce SSB intake. Participants (n¼134) were from Southwest Virginia, 90% Non-Hispanic White, 81% female, 34% high-school educated, 67% making $25,000, and 37% low health literate. The average age was 43.5 (SD¼12.8). Two trained researchers coded motivations as personalized or not. Then, they coded motivation content using an iterative, inductive process. Codes were combined into categories. Number of meaning units within codes and categories were tallied, and proportion of personalized motivations were calculated. Participants mentioned 2.191.07 motivations, and 32% of motivations were personalized. Participants identified five motivation content categories: weight (60%), general health (54%), specific diseases (34%), interpersonal (19.4%) and other health conditions (8%). These findings will be applied to refine future SIPsmartER recruitment materials and adapt program delivery to highlight these motives. Future efforts will also determine how motivations change over time and if content or personalization of motives impact SSB reductions.
Funding Disclosure: Office of Oral Health, MSDH and Delta Health Alliance HRSA Grant #U1FRH07411 and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station
Funding Disclosure: SIPsmartER: A nutrition literacy approach to reducing sugar sweetened beverages (1R011CA154364)
Vegetable Preferences, Cooking Methods, Purchasing Frequencies and Self-Efficacy: Gender Differences in a Convenience Sample of Adults Author(s): S.M. Nickols-Richardson1, B. Ellison2, K.M. Chapman-Novakofski1; 1Food Science and Human Nutrition, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 2Agricultural and Consumer Economics, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify differences between men and women in preferences, cooking methods, purchases and self-efficacy of selected vegetables. Background: Understanding gender differences in vegetable preferences and intakes may assist in designing gender-specific strategies for achieving dietary goals for vegetables. Methods: This exploratory study was conducted to identify differences in selected behaviors regarding vegetable intakes in a convenience sample of 538 men and 541 women. Adults (mean ageSD¼44.915.2 y) completed an anonymous online survey (Qualtrics) by responding to questions about vegetable consumption. Significance between genders was determined by independent t-tests. Results: Compared to men, women expressed a stronger preference for broccoli and green beans (both P<.05), cauliflower (P¼.001), squash (P<.01) and zucchini (P<.001), while men expressed a stronger liking for tomatoes (P<.05). Men and women equally preferred carrots, peas, brussel sprouts, corn, potatoes and okra. Men self-reported more frequent intakes of potatoes (P<.05) and tomatoes (P<.01) than did women. Women reported more frequent steaming of carrots (P<.05), roasting of cauliflower and Brussel sprouts (both P<.05), frying of okra (P<.05), roasting of squash (P<.05) and potatoes (P<.01), sautéing of squash and green beans (both P<.05), zucchini (P<.001) and potatoes (P<.01) and grilling of squash (P<.05), while men reported more frequent frying of peas (P<.01) and steaming of okra (P<.05). Women, compared to men, self-reported greater frequency of purchasing frozen vegetables (P<.001) and purchasing fresh vegetables (P<.01). Women were more likely to indicate confidence in increasing vegetable availability in the home (P<.001), eating 2-3 servings of vegetables/day (P<.05) and cooking vegetables with herbs/spices (P<.001). Conclusion: Identified differences may be used in programs designed to increase vegetables intakes in men and women.
Dietary Acculturation of Asian Indian International Students Author(s): L. Ashy, A.R. Shows, J. Chen, C.S. Ruiz; Family and Consumer Sciences, Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to list factors that affect dietary acculturation of Asian Indian international students. Asian Indians are one of the fastest-growing immigrant populations in the United States (US). Adverse health effects of moving from one’s country of origin are widespread among immigrant groups. This study was designed to explore dietary patterns among Asian Indian international students at two universities in the southern US. The electronically-administered 20-minute survey included items on demographics, dietary patterns, and food behaviors. Dietary acculturation scores were derived from responses. Mean age of the 97 respondents was 24.53.1 years. Males accounted for 78.4% (n¼76) of participants. Most students were single, lived in apartments, and had Indian roommates. Length of residence in the US was 1.51.8 years. Dietary acculturation scores were positively associated with respondents’ perceived adaptation to American food culture (p¼.020), perceived “excellent” English-speaking skills (p¼.049), and frequency of eating on campus (p¼.038). Males tended to have higher dietary acculturation scores than females (p¼.058). Compared to men, women reported eating more traditional Indian foods (p¼.023). Dietary acculturation scores were negatively related to access to traditional Indian foods in local stores (p¼.036). Students residing in the US for at least two years had higher dietary acculturation scores than those who reported being in the country less than one year (p¼.022). Dietary acculturation scores were unrelated to weight change since arriving in the US. Nutrition/dietetics practitioners on college campuses may use information from this study to provide Indian students with culturally competent health strategies that involve maintaining traditional eating patterns while integrating healthy Western foods into the diet. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: McCormick Science Institute
September 2015 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 115 Number 9
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-75