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Superior temporal gyrus volume and asymmetry in first-episode schizophrenia
SATURDAY, MAY 20
BIOL PSYCHIATRY
671
1995;37:593-683
diminution of functional receptor. In previous analyses, no asscxziation was detected between the variant allele and DSM-III-R schizophrenia in cases and controls; and further, cosegregation of C335X with schizophrenia or other neuropsychiatric disorders was not observed in a large pedigree. To determine if any "intermediate trait" cosegregated with the variant allele, 12 members of this pedigree (8 carriers and 4 noncarriers) were assessed with continuous behavioral measures known to be linked to dopamine function or to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Measures included the Wisconsin Card Sort, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Wechsler Memory Scale-R Logical Memory, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, a spatial working memory task, a visual continuous performance task, reaction time, and smooth pursuit eye movement. Personality measures included the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire and other scales designed to measure schizotypy, thrill-seeking, and impulsivity. No significant associations were found between any particular measure and carriership of C335X. A series of post-hoc analyses using combinations of functionally similar neuropsychological measures revealed several nonsignificant trends in the direction of impairment among the carriers of C335X. Results of these analyses will be presented.
280. R E D U C E D M E S I O T E M P O R A L LOBE V O L U M E S A N D A S Y M M E T R I E S IN SCHIZOPHRENIA P.R. Szeszko 1,2, R.M. Bilder 1, H.Wu l, B. Bogerts 3, & J.A. Lieberman I IHillside Hospital-Research, Glen Oaks, N Y 11004; eSt. J o h n ' s University, Jamaica, N Y 11439; 3University o f M a g d e b u r g , Magdeburg, Germany Reduced volumes of the mesiotemporal lobe in schizophrenia have been reported, and most often the anterior hippocampal region has been implicated. In addition, studies investigating asymmetric anatomic abnormalities in schizophrenia have yielded mixed results, which may be due to a number of methodologic problems including the use of area rather than volumetric measures. We report preliminary findings from a new sample that investigated whether patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 29) differed from healthy controls (n = 21 ) on measures of tissue volumes and asymmetries across contiguous sections of the mesiotemporal lobe (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala). MT lobe volume measures were made on contiguous coronal magnetic resonance images with a slice thickness of 3.1 mm using a semiautomated, computerized volume mensuration system. MT lobe structures were divided at the level of the mammillary bodies into two contiguous regions comprising anterior and posterior tissue volumes according to operationalized criteria based on postmortem histological studies. MANOVA results indicated that patients (compared to controls) and females (compared to males) had significantly smaller volumes of the MT lobe. Greatest volume differences were observed in anterior MT lobe regions in both the right (-22.9%) and left hemispheres (-22.8) in female patients (n = 14) compared to female controls (n = 12). An investigation of the asymmetry patterns in the MT lobe by paired tests revealed that there was significant asymmetry in the anterior region (with the right hemisphere larger than the left) in the controls that was absent in the patient group. There was a trend (p = 0.10) for a similar finding in the posterior region. These results add to the growing body of evidence that implicates anterior MT lobe regions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The lack of asymmetry in the patient group suggests that a neurodevelopmental abnormality involving either hormonal or genetic influences may play a role in the disorder.
281. SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS VOLUME AND ASYMMETRY IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA H. Wu, M. Bilder, J. Alvir, & J.A. Lieberman Hillside H o s p i t a l - R e s e a r c h , Glen Oaks, N Y 11004 Volume reduction in superior temporal gyms (STG) in schizophrenic subjects has been reported and correlated with thought disorder, auditory hallucination, neuropsychological defects, and event-related potential (ERP). We measured this structure in a sample of patient with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 35) and matched healthy controls (n - 30). There was a trend for absolute reduction of STG volume on the right side in the schizophrenic group, but this reduction M no longer significant when volumes were adjusted for subjects" height. Women had significantly smaller volumes, even after correcting for body size. We divided the superior temporal gyms into anterior and posterior parts, to increase comparability with other studies reported in literature, but still failed to replicate volume reductions in these parts; however, there were significant differences in asymmetry index scores in both the anterior and posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus (anterior: t = -2.13, p < 0.05; posterior t - -2.05, p < 0.05); controls had relatively larger right/left superior temporal g y m s ratio compared to patients. We also examined the correlations of superior temporal gyrus volumes with clinical treatment response and symptoms, and no significant associations were found. Exploratory analyses revealed some negative correlations between the volume of left anterior STG and neuropsychological performance, which are of unclear significance. The results fail to replicate findings of STG volume reduction, or association of STG volume with symptom in first-episode schizophrenia, but show a deviation in the normal pattern of STG asymmetry.
282. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CORTICAL METABOLISM IN SCHIZOPHRENIA B.V. Siegel, Jr., L. Shihabuddin, & M.S. Buchsbaum N e u r o s c i e n c e P E T Laboratory, Mt. Sinai School o f Medicine, N e w York, N Y 10029 Sixty-nine unmedicated schizophrenics (62 male, 7 female) and 31 ageand handedness-matched normal controls ( 16 male, 15 female) underwent ! 8-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography while performing a degraded stimulus continuous performance test. Schizophrenics showed a different gender effect for lateralization of relative cortical metabolism from controls. Schizophrenic females showed a more profound right greater than left difference (6%) than males (2%), but both male and female normal controls showed a right greater than left difference of 3%. Male normals showed higher metabolism than females in some anterior (frontal and parietal) cortical regions, while females showed higher metabolism in posterior (temporal and occipital) cortex. Schizophrenic males showed higher metabolism in some left frontal and parietal cortical regions than females, while females showed higher metabolism in some right frontal and temporal areas. These findings may relate to the different course and phenomenology of schizophrenia in males and females.
283. P300 AMPLITUDE TRACKS CLINICAL STATUS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS J.M. Ford, D.H. Mathalon, & A. Pfefferbaum D e p a r t m e n t o f P s y c h i a t r y and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford
BIOL PSYCHIATRY
671
1995;37:593-683
diminution of functional receptor. In previous analyses, no asscxziation was detected between the variant allele and DSM-III-R schizophrenia in cases and controls; and further, cosegregation of C335X with schizophrenia or other neuropsychiatric disorders was not observed in a large pedigree. To determine if any "intermediate trait" cosegregated with the variant allele, 12 members of this pedigree (8 carriers and 4 noncarriers) were assessed with continuous behavioral measures known to be linked to dopamine function or to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Measures included the Wisconsin Card Sort, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Wechsler Memory Scale-R Logical Memory, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, a spatial working memory task, a visual continuous performance task, reaction time, and smooth pursuit eye movement. Personality measures included the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire and other scales designed to measure schizotypy, thrill-seeking, and impulsivity. No significant associations were found between any particular measure and carriership of C335X. A series of post-hoc analyses using combinations of functionally similar neuropsychological measures revealed several nonsignificant trends in the direction of impairment among the carriers of C335X. Results of these analyses will be presented.
280. R E D U C E D M E S I O T E M P O R A L LOBE V O L U M E S A N D A S Y M M E T R I E S IN SCHIZOPHRENIA P.R. Szeszko 1,2, R.M. Bilder 1, H.Wu l, B. Bogerts 3, & J.A. Lieberman I IHillside Hospital-Research, Glen Oaks, N Y 11004; eSt. J o h n ' s University, Jamaica, N Y 11439; 3University o f M a g d e b u r g , Magdeburg, Germany Reduced volumes of the mesiotemporal lobe in schizophrenia have been reported, and most often the anterior hippocampal region has been implicated. In addition, studies investigating asymmetric anatomic abnormalities in schizophrenia have yielded mixed results, which may be due to a number of methodologic problems including the use of area rather than volumetric measures. We report preliminary findings from a new sample that investigated whether patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 29) differed from healthy controls (n = 21 ) on measures of tissue volumes and asymmetries across contiguous sections of the mesiotemporal lobe (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala). MT lobe volume measures were made on contiguous coronal magnetic resonance images with a slice thickness of 3.1 mm using a semiautomated, computerized volume mensuration system. MT lobe structures were divided at the level of the mammillary bodies into two contiguous regions comprising anterior and posterior tissue volumes according to operationalized criteria based on postmortem histological studies. MANOVA results indicated that patients (compared to controls) and females (compared to males) had significantly smaller volumes of the MT lobe. Greatest volume differences were observed in anterior MT lobe regions in both the right (-22.9%) and left hemispheres (-22.8) in female patients (n = 14) compared to female controls (n = 12). An investigation of the asymmetry patterns in the MT lobe by paired tests revealed that there was significant asymmetry in the anterior region (with the right hemisphere larger than the left) in the controls that was absent in the patient group. There was a trend (p = 0.10) for a similar finding in the posterior region. These results add to the growing body of evidence that implicates anterior MT lobe regions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The lack of asymmetry in the patient group suggests that a neurodevelopmental abnormality involving either hormonal or genetic influences may play a role in the disorder.
281. SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS VOLUME AND ASYMMETRY IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA H. Wu, M. Bilder, J. Alvir, & J.A. Lieberman Hillside H o s p i t a l - R e s e a r c h , Glen Oaks, N Y 11004 Volume reduction in superior temporal gyms (STG) in schizophrenic subjects has been reported and correlated with thought disorder, auditory hallucination, neuropsychological defects, and event-related potential (ERP). We measured this structure in a sample of patient with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 35) and matched healthy controls (n - 30). There was a trend for absolute reduction of STG volume on the right side in the schizophrenic group, but this reduction M no longer significant when volumes were adjusted for subjects" height. Women had significantly smaller volumes, even after correcting for body size. We divided the superior temporal gyms into anterior and posterior parts, to increase comparability with other studies reported in literature, but still failed to replicate volume reductions in these parts; however, there were significant differences in asymmetry index scores in both the anterior and posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus (anterior: t = -2.13, p < 0.05; posterior t - -2.05, p < 0.05); controls had relatively larger right/left superior temporal g y m s ratio compared to patients. We also examined the correlations of superior temporal gyrus volumes with clinical treatment response and symptoms, and no significant associations were found. Exploratory analyses revealed some negative correlations between the volume of left anterior STG and neuropsychological performance, which are of unclear significance. The results fail to replicate findings of STG volume reduction, or association of STG volume with symptom in first-episode schizophrenia, but show a deviation in the normal pattern of STG asymmetry.
282. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CORTICAL METABOLISM IN SCHIZOPHRENIA B.V. Siegel, Jr., L. Shihabuddin, & M.S. Buchsbaum N e u r o s c i e n c e P E T Laboratory, Mt. Sinai School o f Medicine, N e w York, N Y 10029 Sixty-nine unmedicated schizophrenics (62 male, 7 female) and 31 ageand handedness-matched normal controls ( 16 male, 15 female) underwent ! 8-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography while performing a degraded stimulus continuous performance test. Schizophrenics showed a different gender effect for lateralization of relative cortical metabolism from controls. Schizophrenic females showed a more profound right greater than left difference (6%) than males (2%), but both male and female normal controls showed a right greater than left difference of 3%. Male normals showed higher metabolism than females in some anterior (frontal and parietal) cortical regions, while females showed higher metabolism in posterior (temporal and occipital) cortex. Schizophrenic males showed higher metabolism in some left frontal and parietal cortical regions than females, while females showed higher metabolism in some right frontal and temporal areas. These findings may relate to the different course and phenomenology of schizophrenia in males and females.
283. P300 AMPLITUDE TRACKS CLINICAL STATUS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS J.M. Ford, D.H. Mathalon, & A. Pfefferbaum D e p a r t m e n t o f P s y c h i a t r y and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford