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Supply Chain Resilience research trends: a literature overview
9th 9th IFAC IFAC Conference Conference on on Manufacturing Manufacturing Modelling, Modelling, Management Management and and 9th IFAC Modelling, Management and 9th IFAC Conference Conference on on Manufacturing Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Control Control Control 9th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Berlin, Germany, August 28-30, 2019 Berlin, Germany, Germany, August 28-30, 28-30, 2019 Berlin, Berlin, Germany, August August 28-30, 2019 2019 Control Berlin, Germany, August 28-30, 2019
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Supply Supply Chain Chain Resilience Resilience research research trends: trends: aa literature literature overview overview Supply Chain Resilience research trends: a literature overview Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica F.E.*
Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica F.E.* Bevilacqua M.* F.E.* Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica Ciarapica F.E.* Marcucci G.*** Marcucci G.*** Marcucci G.*** Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica Marcucci G.*** F.E.* ** Department of Industrial Engineering Mathematical Science Marcucci G.*** and Engineering and Department of of Industrial Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Mathematical Science Science ** Department Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131Science Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN Italy Università Politecnica Politecnica Delle Marche, and Ancona, AN 60131 60131Science Italy * Department of Industrial Engineering Mathematical Università Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). ** Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ** Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ** Department of Engineering and Mathematical Science (Tel: (+39)Politecnica 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). ** Università Department of Industrial Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN Italy ** Università Department of071.2204771; Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Università Politecnica Delle Marche,[email protected]). Ancona, AN 60131 60131 Science Italy (Tel: (+39) e-mail: (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Science (Tel: (+39) e-mail: [email protected]). ***Department of071.2204771; Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Mathematical Science Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Università Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) (+39)Politecnica 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Abstract: Supply Chain Resilience has been broadly studied studied during the last decades, especially within Abstract: Abstract: Supply Supply Chain Chain Resilience Resilience has has been been broadly broadly studied studied during during the the last last decades, decades, especially especially within within Abstract: Supply Chain Resilience has been broadly during the last decades, especially the academic community. Therefore, the present research article aims to provide a broad view within of the the academic community. Therefore, the present research article aims to provide a broad view of the academic academic community. Therefore,has thebeen present research article aims tolast provide a broad broad view within of the the Abstract: Supply Chain Resilience broadly studied during the decades, especially the community. Therefore, the present research article aims to provide a view of the scientific literature about Resilience within Supply Chain research. First, a trend analysis of these topics scientific literature about within Supply Chain First, trend of these topics scientific literature about Resilience Resilience within Supplyresearch Chain research. research. First,toaaa provide trend analysis analysis of view these of topics the academic community. Therefore, the present article aims a broad the scientific literature about Resilience within Supply Chain research. First, trend analysis of these topics research and publications publications is is presented. Then, Then, aa more more detailed detailed analysis analysis is is shown, shown, in in order to to produce research research and and publications is presented. presented. Then, a more more detailed analysis is shown, in order order to produce produce scientific literature about Resilience within Supply Chain research. First, a trend analysis of these topics research and publications is presented. Then, a detailed analysis is shown, in order to produce bibliometric maps maps and and tables tables summarizing summarizing the the main main scientific scientific trends trends under under these these topics: topics: the the latter latter analysis analysis bibliometric bibliometric and tables the main scientific trends under topics: latter analysis research andmaps publications isofsummarizing presented. Then, a more detailed analysis isthese shown, in the order to produce bibliometric maps and tables summarizing thekeywords main scientific trends under these topics: the latter analysis will provide useful insight the most used on the subject and the connections among them. will provide useful insight of the most used keywords on the subject and the connections among them. will provide useful insight the on subject and the among them. bibliometric and tablesof thekeywords main scientific under topics: the latter analysis will provide©maps useful insight ofsummarizing the most most used used keywords on the thetrends subject and these the connections connections among them. Copy-right 2019 IFAC Copy-right © 2019 IFAC Copy-right © 2019 © 2019, IFAC (International Federation Automatic Control) Hosting by and Elsevier All rightsamong reserved. will provide insight of the mostofused keywords on the subject the Ltd. connections them. Copy-right ©useful 2019 IFAC IFAC Copy-right © 2019 IFAC Keywords: Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management, Disruptions, Literature Review, Factors, Keywords: Keywords: Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management, Disruptions, Literature Review, Factors, Keywords: Supply Supply Chain Chain Resilience, Resilience, Risk Risk Management, Management, Disruptions, Disruptions, Literature Literature Review, Review, Factors, Factors, VOSviewer VOSviewer VOSviewer Keywords: VOSviewer Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management, Disruptions, Literature Review, Factors, VOSviewer evolution, by by using using two two different different approaches. approaches. The The first first one one evolution, 1. INTRODUCTION evolution, by by using using two two different different approaches. approaches. The The first first one one evolution, 1. INTRODUCTION aims to analyse how the SCR has been studied by the 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION aims how the SCR been by the aims to to analyse analyse how the SCR has has been studied studied by one the evolution, by using two different approaches. The first aims to analyse how the SCR has been studied by the different scientific journals. 1. INTRODUCTION Supply Chain Chain Resilience Resilience (SCR) has has been been studied studied in in the the different scientific journals. Supply (SCR) different scientific journals. aims to analyse how the SCR has been studied by the different scientific journals. Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) has been studied in the Supply Resilience has been studied the scientificChain literature since(SCR) the beginning beginning of the thein new new scientific literature since the of different scientific journals. The second approach, on the other hand, aims at examining scientific literature since the beginning of the new Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) has been studied in the scientific literature since the beginning of thecrucial new The second on hand, at millennium (Tukamuhabwa et al., al., 2015). Some Some The second approach, on the other hand, aims aims at examining The second approach, approach, on the the other other aims at examining examining millennium (Tukamuhabwa et 2015). crucial the evolution evolution of the the different different SCR hand, research topics: through millennium (Tukamuhabwa et 2015). Some crucial scientific literature since the beginning of the new millennium (Tukamuhabwa et al., al., 2015). Some crucial the of SCR research topics: through episodes, both from an economic and an industrial point of the evolution of the different SCR research topics: through The second approach, on the other hand, aims at examining the evolution of the different SCR research topics: through episodes, both from an economic and an industrial point of the use use of of VOSviewer, VOSviewer, in in fact, fact, the the most most widely widely used episodes, both both from an an economic economic and 2015). an industrial industrial point of the millennium (Tukamuhabwa et al., Some crucial episodes, from and an point of used view, have in fact led the scientific community to study this the use of VOSviewer, in fact, the most widely used evolution of the different SCR research topics: through the use of VOSviewer, in fact, the most widely used view, have in fact led the scientific community to study this keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the view, have haveboth in fact fact ledanthe the scientificand community to study study this episodes, from economic an industrial point of view, in led scientific community to this keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the concept in greater detail (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, 2018; keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the the use of VOSviewer, in fact, the most widely used keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the concept in greater detail (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, 2018; connections between those. concept in in greater detail (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, Ciarapica, 2018; view, have fact led the scientific community to study this concept in greater detail (Bevilacqua and 2018; connections between those. Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, 2001). connections between those. keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the connections between those. Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, 2001). Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, Sheffi, 2001). concept in greater detail2001). (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, 2018; Mukherjee, 2008; connections between those. The paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, the Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, 2001). The literature literature has produced produced many definitions definitions of of Supply Supply Chain Chain The The paper paper is is organized organized as as follows: follows: after after the the introduction, introduction, the the The paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, the The has many second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this The literature has produced many definitions of Supply Chain The literatureforhasexample, producedChristopher many definitions of Supply Chain second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this Resilience: and Peck offers the second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this The paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this Resilience: for example, Christopher and Peck offers the literature review, review, along along with with the the methodology methodology used used the to Resilience: for example, Christopher and Peck offers the The literature produced many definitions of Supply Chain Resilience: forhas example, Christopher and Peck offers thea literature to most concise one, defining resilience as "the ability of literature review, along with the methodology used to second paragraph introduces the research parameters ofresult this literature review, along with the methodology used to most concise one, defining resilience as "the ability of a perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the most concise one, defining resilience as "the ability of a Resilience: for example, Christopher and Peck offers the most one, defining as "the of a perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result systemconcise to return return to its its originalresilience state or or move move to aaability new, more more perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result literature review, along with the methodology used to perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result system to to original state to new, analysis, and and the the last last one one presents presents the the conclusions, conclusions, providing providing system to return to original state move to new, more most concise one, defining resilience as "the of a analysis, system to state return to its its original state or or(Christopher move to aaability new, more desirable after being disturbed" and Peck, Peck, analysis, and the last one presents the conclusions, providing perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result analysis, and the last one presents the conclusions, providing desirable state after being disturbed" (Christopher and indication on on how how to to use use this this tool tool to to identify identify potential potential gaps gaps in in desirable state after being disturbed" (Christopher and Peck, Peck, indication system to state returnafter to and its original state or(Christopher move to aSCR new, desirable being disturbed" and 2004). Ponomarov Ponomarov Holcomb, instead, define asmore “the indication on how to this tool to identify potential gaps analysis, and the answer last oneto presents conclusions, providing indication on and how to use use this toolresearch tothe identify potential gaps in in 2004). and Holcomb, instead, define as “the the literature literature new questions. 2004). Ponomarov Ponomarov and Holcomb, instead, define SCR SCR asPeck, “the the desirable state after being disturbed" (Christopher and 2004). and Holcomb, instead, define SCR as “the and answer to new research questions. SC adaptation adaptation capability capability to to prepare prepare for for unexpected unexpected events, events, indication the literature and answer to new research questions. on how to use this tool to identify potential gaps in the literature and answer to new research questions. SC SC adaptation adaptation capability to prepare prepare for unexpected unexpected events, 2004). Ponomarov and Holcomb, instead, define SCR as “the SC capability to for events, respond to interruptions, and recover from them to maintain the literature and answer to new research questions. respond to recover from them 2. RESEARCH RESEARCH PARAMETERS PARAMETERS AND AND METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY respond to interruptions, interruptions, and recover for fromunexpected them to to maintain maintain SC adaptation capabilityatand to events, respond to and recover from them to maintain 2. continuity ofinterruptions, operations theprepare desired level level of connection and 2. RESEARCH PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY 2. RESEARCH PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY continuity of operations at the desired of connection and continuity of operations at the desired level of connection and respond toofinterruptions, recover from of them to maintain continuity operations atand theand desired level connection and control over the structure function” (Ponomarov and 2. RESEARCH PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY The literature research has been carried out on on the the Web Web of of control over the structure and function” (Ponomarov and control over the structure and function” (Ponomarov and The literature research has been carried continuity of operations at theand desired level of connection and The control over the structure function” (Ponomarov The literature literature research research has has thbeen been carried carried out out on on the the Web Web of of out Holcomb, 2009). Science database, on the 10 of November 2018. The search th Holcomb, 2009). th of November 2018. The search Holcomb, 2009). database, on 10 control over the structure and function” (Ponomarov and Science Holcomb, 2009). Science database, on the thehas 10th of November November 2018. TheWeb search The literature research been carried out on the of Science database, on the 10 of 2018. The search parameters were defined as as follow: follow: parameters were defined th Holcomb, 2009). of A large large number number of authors authors have have contributed contributed to to the the study study of of Science parameters were defined as follow: database, on the 10 of November 2018. The search parameters were defined as follow: A A large number of have contributed to the of A large number (Kochan of authors authorsand have contributed to Ribeiro the study studyand of SCR literature Nowicki, 2018; •• The The keyword research parameters parameters were defined as follow: SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, 2018; Ribeiro and keyword research parameters are are summarized summarized SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, 2018; Ribeiro and A large number of authors have contributed to the study of •• The keyword research parameters are summarized SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, 2018; Ribeiro and Thethis keyword research parameters are summarized Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; Tukamuhabwa et al., 2015; Ivanov, by Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; Tukamuhabwa et al., 2015; Ivanov, by this Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; Tukamuhabwa Tukamuhabwa et 2018; al., 2015; 2015; Ivanov, by this Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, Ribeiro and Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; et al., Ivanov, • The keyword research parameters are summarized by this Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND 2018a; Ivanov et al., 2014; Ivanov and Dolgui, 2018; (Resilience OR Resilient OR Disruption OR 2018a; Ivanov et al., 2014; Ivanov and Dolgui, 2018; (Resilience OR Resilient OR Disruption OR 2018a; Ivanov Ivanov 2018; et al., al., Tukamuhabwa 2014; Ivanov Ivanov etand and Dolgui, 2018; (Resilience OR Resilient Resilient OR“Supply Disruption OR AND Barbosa-Povoa, al., Dolgui, 2015; Ivanov, 2018a; et 2014; 2018; by this Boolean expression: Chain" (Resilience OR OR Disruption OR Kamalahmadi and and Parast, 2016). The The present present research paper Disruptions OR "Risk Since in Kamalahmadi Parast, 2016). research paper DisruptionsOR ORResilient "Risk Management”). Management”). Since in Kamalahmadi and Parast, 2016).Ivanov The present present research 2018; paper Disruptions OR "Risk Management”). Since in 2018a; Ivanov et al., 2014; and Dolgui, Kamalahmadi and Parast, 2016). The research paper (Resilience OR Disruption OR in Disruptions OR "Risk Management”). Since aims at contributing to this path by presenting an overview of many cases the keywords included in papers abstract aims at contributing to this path by presenting an overview of many cases the keywords included in papers abstract aims at contributing to this path by presenting an overview of many cases cases the the keywords included in in papers papers abstract Kamalahmadi and from Parast, 2016). The presentthrough research paper aims at contributing to this pathtoby presenting an overview of Disruptions OR "Risk Management”). Since in many keywords included abstract the SCR literature 2000 the present, the use would be, for example, "Resilient Supply Chain" the SCR literature from 2000 to the present, through the use would be, for example, "Resilient Supply Chain" the SCR literature from 2000 to the present, through the use wouldcases be, for for example, "Resilient Supply Chain" aims atVOSviewer contributing to this path an overview of the SCR literature software, from 2000 toby thepresenting present, through thenext use many theexample, keywords includedSupply in papers abstract would be, "Resilient Chain" of the the which will be shown shown in the the rather the canonical "Supply Resilience", of VOSviewer software, which will be in next rather than than theexample, canonical"Resilient "Supply Chain Chain Resilience", of VOSviewer software, which will be in next rather than the canonical "Supply Chain Resilience", the SCR literature from 2000 to the present, through theis use of the the VOSviewer software, which will be shown shown in the the next would be, for Supply Chain" rather than the canonical "Supply Chain Resilience", section. The added value of this macroscopic analysis to the in the parameters of both section. The value this macroscopic analysis to the inclusion inclusion incanonical the research research parameters of both the the section. The added value of this macroscopic analysis is to the inclusion the research parameters of both the of theaVOSviewer software, will be shown the is next section. The added added value of of which this is to rather than thein "Supply Chain Resilience", the inclusion in the research parameters of both the offer more comprehensive pointmacroscopic of view view of analysis theinliterature literature words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" offer a more comprehensive point of of the words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" offer aa more more comprehensive pointmacroscopic of view view of of analysis the literature literature words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" section. The added value of this is to offer comprehensive point of the the inclusion in the research parameters of both the words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" offer a more comprehensive point of view of the literature words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption"
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and "Disruptions" has allowed to include about 15% more results. • nsure substantive relevance, defined as adequacy of the articles in addressing, and capturing the phenomenon under investigation, by requiring that they contain the keyword search in their title, abstract or keywords; • To have a more comprehensive view of the evolution of the literature, the 2000-2018 timespan was selected; Through the application of these filters, 3016 papers were identified. Subsequently, the dataset was exported and analysed through the software VOSviewer. VOSviewer is a freely available software tool developed for building and displaying bibliometric maps. Unlike most of the other computer programs that are used for bibliometric mapping, VOSviewer spends particular attention to the graphical representation of these maps. The functionality of VOSviewer is in fact particularly useful for displaying large bibliometric maps, while providing a simple way to interpret such result (van Eck and Waltman, 2010). This software provides different modes of visualization: in this paper, two of them will be utilized. The first one used is the density visualization, which is represented in paragraph 3.1. In this map, labels represent items and each map point has a colour that indicates the item density at that point: colours range from blue to green to yellow, by default. The larger the number of items in the neighbourhood of a point, and the higher the weights of the neighbouring items, the closer the colour of the point is to yellow. The other way around, the smaller the number of items in the neighbourhood of a point, and the lower the weights of the neighbouring items, the closer the colour of the point is to blue (van Eck and Waltman, 2018). The second one is the network visualization, which is used in paragraph 3.2. In this case, the bibliometric maps contain items and links: •
Items: they are the object of interest of the map. In the present analysis, keywords are such objects. When reading the map, the higher the weight of an item, the larger the label and the circle of the item.
•
Links: between a pair of items there may be a link, which represents a connection between these two items. Each link has a weight, represented by a positive numerical value. The higher this value, the stronger is the link. Moreover, when looking at the map, the closer two items are located to each other, the stronger their relatedness. Also, the relatedness is represented by the thickness of the edges connecting the items. 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The results of an initial quantitative analysis are shown in the figures below. In Fig. 1 we can see how Risk Management, Resilience and Disruption were associated as research topics
to SC only few years after 2000. This result reveals that indeed the events that occurred at the beginning of the new millennium were the drivers on creating this correlation issue. In Fig.2 we can notice that also the citations about these topics have followed the same increasing trend.
Fig.1: Total Publications by Year
Fig.2: Total citations per year 3.1 Journals Density Map This paragraph shows the bibliographic coupling density map, in which the relatedness of the items (journals) is determined based on the number of the references they share. The minimum number of documents requested for a journal to result in the map was set to 10. Of the 1164 sources, 39 met the threshold. The results are shown in Fig. 3 and Table 1. “International Journal of Production Research” and “International Journal of Production Economics” can be found at the top of the table, with 156 journals and 2947 citations shared for the former and 130 journals and 4897 citations shared for the latter. Arguably, these journals are a point of reference for these subjects study: hence, the software place them at the centre of the density map. They are followed by "European Journal Of Operational Research", "Supply Chain Management-An International Journal" and "Computers & Industrial Engineering" with a score in published documents of 65, 64 and 55 respectively, and with a number of shared citations of 2241, 1883 and 758 respectively. An interesting result that can be read both from the table and the map is that SCR, along with the study of
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Fig. 3 Bibliographic coupling density map
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Journal Documents Citations International Journal Of 156 2947 Production Research International Journal Of 130 4897 Production Economics European Journal Of 65 2241 Operational Research Supply Chain Management-An 64 1883 International Journal Computers & Industrial 55 758 Engineering Journal Of Cleaner 50 1111 Production Transportation Research Part E-Logistics And 48 791 Transportation Review International Journal Of Physical Distribution & 42 1403 Logistics Management Sustainability 39 98 Omega-International Journal Of Management 37 1323 Science Table 1: Bibliographic coupling numerical results
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Risk Management and Disruption Management within a SC, are consolidating as research topics both in logistic research journals (“Transportation Research Part E-Logistics And Transportation Review”, “International Journal Of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management”) and in sustainability research journals (“Journal Of Cleaner Production”, “Sustainability”). This is probably due to the latest trend of research about SCR and logistic (Ishfaq, 2012; Urciuoli and Hintsa, 2018), along with the study of the correlation between sustainability and SCR (Ivanov, 2018b; Soni and Jain, 2011). 3.2 Keywords Bibliometric Maps and Tables In this paragraph the keywords co-concurrence bibliometric analysis is exemplified. In this research, different maps were created, for different spans of time: 2000-2010 (592 papers), 2011-2015 (1156 papers), 2016-2018 (1266 papers). In these maps the relatedness of the items (keywords) is determined based on the number of documents in which they occur together, while the strength of the links indicates the number of publications in which two terms occur together. In each map, the minimum number of occurrences of a given keyword, in order to be relevant for the analysis, was set to 8 for the first tranche, 10 for the second and 13 for the third. This choice has been made in order to find an optimal tradeoff between the readability and the comprehensiveness of the map, while keeping track of the different spans of time for each tranche of papers. Fig. 4 shows the 2016-2018 bibliometric map, while Table 3 and Table 4 exemplify the results of each of the three bibliometric map analysis.
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Fig. 4: 2016-2018 Keyword Co-occurrence bibliometric map 1st tranche: 2000-2010 2nd tranche: 2011-2015 Item Occurr. Item Occurr. # 1 Risk management 143 Risk management 199 2 SC management 117 SC 165 3 SC 96 SC management 159 4 Disruption management 39 SC risk management 95 5 SC risk management 26 Resilience 64 6 Risk 22 Risk 42 7 SC coordination 22 SC resilience 34 8 Simulation 20 Disruption management 31 9 SC risk 19 Game theory 31 10 Disruption 18 Uncertainty 30 11 Uncertainty 16 Supplier selection 29 12 Resilience 12 SC risk 29 13 Demand disruption 11 Simulation 27 14 Optimization 10 Disruptions 25 15 Case study 9 SC disruption 23 16 SCs 9 SC disruptions 20 17 Coordination 8 Disruption 19 18 Disruptions 8 Supply disruption 19 19 Risk assessment 8 Robustness 18 20 SC disruptions 8 Risk assessment 17 Table 2: Principal items occurrences. The research keywords are indicated in bold. 2890
3rd tranche: 2016-2018 Item Occurr. Risk management 161 SC 138 SC management 115 SC risk management 102 Resilience 100 SC resilience 57 Sustainability 44 Disruption 38 SC risk 33 Uncertainty 33 Risk 30 Game theory 27 Disruption management 25 Supplier selection 25 Logistics 24 SC disruptions 23 Supply disruption 23 Simulation 21 Stochastic programming 21 Robust optimization 20
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1st tranche: 2000-2010 2nd tranche: 2011-2015 3rd tranche: 2016-2018 nd st nd st # 1 item 2 Item Relat. 1 item 2 Item Relat. 1 item 2nd Item Relat. Risk SC Risk SC Risk SC 1 57 61 33 management management management management management management Risk Risk Risk 2 SC 26 SC 37 SC 28 management management management Disruption SC 3 11 Resilience SC 17 Resilience SC 20 management management Disruption SC 4 SC 10 Game theory 13 Disruption SC 14 management management Disruption SC 5 10 Risk SC 12 Risk SC 12 management coordination SC 6 Risk SC 9 Resilience 10 Resilience Sustainability 11 management Disruption SC 7 Disruption SC 8 Game theory 8 Resilience 9 management management SC 8 Coordination SC 6 Game theory 8 Logistics SC 8 coordination Coordination Disruption Robust 9 6 Resilience Uncertainty 7 Uncertainty 8 mechanism management optimization Risk Risk 10 Uncertainty 6 Risk 7 Disruptions SC 7 management management Table 3: Principal relatedness of the items st
Studying the results, it is clear from both the bibliometric map and the tables that the keywords inserted in the search count the most occurrences. For this reason, in the tables, these keywords have been highlighted in bold, in order to distinguish them from other items resultant from the research The items "Supply Chain", "Resilience", "Risk" and "Sustainability", for example, are the most important of their cluster, the green one. Table 3 too exemplifies this relation: it can be seen how in recent years is consolidating the research of "Resilience" correlated with "Sustainability": in the third tranche of papers analysed the weight of their relatedness is 11. Indeed, the recent socio-economic development has steered the industry into embed both Resilience and Sustainability in their day-to-day operations (Antomarioni et al., 2017; Caniato et al., 2012). Observing Table 2, the main trend is represented by the presence of the item "SC Management", which appears first with 117 occurrences, then with 165 and finally with 138, immediately after the keywords "SC" and "Risk Management": this because a proper management of SC is essential to tackle disruptions and then maintain a resilient SC. The same consideration applies to the item "Disruption Management". Another interesting result is the presence of the keyword "Game theory" in the second and third tranches, with respectively 31 and 27 occurrences, but not in the first. This is because, probably, this and like many other methodologies have begun to consolidate among the research methods only after having characterize the concept of SCR itself. The keywords "Supplier Selection" and "Supply Disruption" can be both found in the second and in the third tranche: the study of disruptions deriving from the interruption of the flow of information and materials within the SC is, currently,
among the most studied research topics (Chen et al., 2016; De Sanctis et al., 2018). Examining Table 3, it can be noted the relatedness between "Risk Management" and "SC Management", which is the highest in all the tranches. This is because, according to most studies, it appears clear that the Risk Management Culture must be embedded in all branches of SC management (Bevilacqua et al., 2018; Chowdhury and Quaddus, 2016). Another interesting result is represented by the relatedness between "Game Theory" and first with "SC Management" and then "SC coordination": this indicates how this methodology is used to study these types of analysis, within the analysis of the SCR (Tian et al., 2014). 4. CONCLUSIONS This article aims to provide an overview of the extant literature on Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management and Disruption fields of research, through the use of the VOSviewer software, which has allowed to automatically create bibliometric maps and tables from a large amount of data (more than 3000 records). This methodology allows to have a macroscopic and comprehensive view of the state of the art of literature, allowing to observe the presence of the most important keywords and the relationships between them: this kind of information can allow researchers to observe any research gaps in the extant research. This software, in fact, through the analysis of significant amount of data, allows to straightforwardly pinpoint the answer to research questions and therefore assist into filling the gaps in SCR literature research. In particular, Figure 4 allows an immediate visualization of the past research trends, by indicating the presence and strength of certain links between research topics
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This methodology can in fact support researchers into determine which keywords are more common in one area in respect to another, or to discover if there is a trend into the practice of certain methodologies in specific sectors, e.g. automotive sector or fashion sector. Indeed, for future developments, it is planned to use the methodology carried out in this research article to build specific comparisons and find more useful insights, especially carrying out such research in different industrial sectors research. 5. REFERENCES Antomarioni, S., Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F.E., Marcucci, G., 2017. Resilience in the Fashion Industry Supply Chain: State of the Art Literature Review, in: Workshop on Business Models and ICT Technologies for the Fashion Supply Chain. Springer, pp. 95–108. Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F.E., 2018. Human factor risk management in the process industry: A case study. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 169, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.08.013 Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F.E., Marcucci, G., Mazzuto, G., 2018. Conceptual model for analysing domino effect among concepts affecting supply chain resilience, in: Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal. Taylor & Francis, pp. 1–18. Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Crippa, L., Moretto, A., 2012. Environmental sustainability in fashion supply chains: An exploratory case based research. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 135, 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.06.001 Chen, A., Hsieh, C.-Y., Wee, H.M., 2016. A resilient global supplier selection strategy—a case study of an automotive company. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 87, 1475–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-0146567-z Chowdhury, M.M.H., Quaddus, M., 2016. Supply chain readiness, response and recovery for resilience. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 21, 709–731. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-12-2015-0463 Christopher, M., Peck, H., 2004. Building the Resilient Supply Chain. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090410700275 De Sanctis, I., Ordieres Meré, J., Ciarapica, F.E., 2018. Resilience for lean organisational network. Int. J. Prod. Res. 1–20. Ishfaq, R., 2012. Resilience through flexibility in transportation operations. Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl. 15, 215–229. Ivanov, D., 2018a. Structural dynamics and resilience in supply chain risk management. Springer. Ivanov, D., 2018b. Revealing interfaces of supply chain resilience and sustainability: a simulation study. Int. J. Prod. Res. 56, 3507–3523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1343507 Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., 2018. Low-Certainty-Need (LCN) supply chains: a new perspective in managing disruption risks and resilience. Int. J. Prod. Res. 1– 18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1521025
Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., Sokolov, B., Ivanova, M., 2017. Literature review on disruption recovery in the supply chain. Int. J. Prod. Res. 55, 6158–6174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1330572 Ivanov, D., Sokolov, B. vladimirovich, Dolgui, A., 2014. The ripple effect in SCs: trade-off efficiency-flexibilityresilience’s in disruption management. Int. J. Prod. Res. 52(7). Kamalahmadi, M., Parast, M.M., 2016. A review of the literature on the principles of enterprise and supply chain resilience: Major findings and directions for future research. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 171, 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.10.023 Kochan, C.G., Nowicki, D.R., 2018. Supply chain resilience: a systematic literature review and typological framework. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 48, 842–865. Mukherjee, A.S., 2008. The Fire That Changed an Industry: A Case Study on Thriving in a Networked World | Design Principles for Adaptive Businesses | InformIT [WWW Document]. URL http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=124 4469 (accessed 11.6.18). Ponomarov, S.Y., Holcomb, M.C., 2009. Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 20, 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873 Ribeiro, J.P., Barbosa-Povoa, A., 2018. Supply Chain Resilience: Definitions and quantitative modelling approaches–A literature review. Comput. Ind. Eng. 115, 109–122. Sheffi, Y., 2001. Supply Chain Management under the Threat of International Terrorism. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090110806262 Soni, U., Jain, V., 2011. Minimizing the vulnerabilities of supply chain: A new framework for enhancing the resilience, in: Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2011 IEEE International Conference On. IEEE, pp. 933–939. Tian, Y., Govindan, K., Zhu, Q., 2014. A system dynamics model based on evolutionary game theory for green supply chain management diffusion among Chinese manufacturers. J. Clean. Prod. 80, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.076 Tukamuhabwa, B.R., Stevenson, M., Busby, J., Zorzini, M., 2015. Supply chain resilience: definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study. Int. J. Prod. Res. 53, 5592–5623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1037934 Urciuoli, L., Hintsa, J., 2018. Improving supply chain risk management–can additional data help? Int. J. Logist. Syst. Manag. 30, 195–224. van Eck, N.J., Waltman, L., 2018. VOSviewer Manual 51. van Eck, N.J., Waltman, L., 2010. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84, 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
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Supply Supply Chain Chain Resilience Resilience research research trends: trends: aa literature literature overview overview Supply Chain Resilience research trends: a literature overview Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica F.E.*
Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica F.E.* Bevilacqua M.* F.E.* Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica Ciarapica F.E.* Marcucci G.*** Marcucci G.*** Marcucci G.*** Bevilacqua M.* Ciarapica Marcucci G.*** F.E.* ** Department of Industrial Engineering Mathematical Science Marcucci G.*** and Engineering and Department of of Industrial Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Mathematical Science Science ** Department Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131Science Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN Italy Università Politecnica Politecnica Delle Marche, and Ancona, AN 60131 60131Science Italy * Department of Industrial Engineering Mathematical Università Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). ** Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ** Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ** Department of Engineering and Mathematical Science (Tel: (+39)Politecnica 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). ** Università Department of Industrial Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN Italy ** Università Department of071.2204771; Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Università Politecnica Delle Marche,[email protected]). Ancona, AN 60131 60131 Science Italy (Tel: (+39) e-mail: (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Science (Tel: (+39) e-mail: [email protected]). ***Department of071.2204771; Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Mathematical Science Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy ***Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Università Delle Marche, Ancona, AN 60131 Italy (Tel: (+39) (+39)Politecnica 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). (Tel: (+39) 071.2204771; e-mail: [email protected]). Abstract: Supply Chain Resilience has been broadly studied studied during the last decades, especially within Abstract: Abstract: Supply Supply Chain Chain Resilience Resilience has has been been broadly broadly studied studied during during the the last last decades, decades, especially especially within within Abstract: Supply Chain Resilience has been broadly during the last decades, especially the academic community. Therefore, the present research article aims to provide a broad view within of the the academic community. Therefore, the present research article aims to provide a broad view of the academic academic community. Therefore,has thebeen present research article aims tolast provide a broad broad view within of the the Abstract: Supply Chain Resilience broadly studied during the decades, especially the community. Therefore, the present research article aims to provide a view of the scientific literature about Resilience within Supply Chain research. First, a trend analysis of these topics scientific literature about within Supply Chain First, trend of these topics scientific literature about Resilience Resilience within Supplyresearch Chain research. research. First,toaaa provide trend analysis analysis of view these of topics the academic community. Therefore, the present article aims a broad the scientific literature about Resilience within Supply Chain research. First, trend analysis of these topics research and publications publications is is presented. Then, Then, aa more more detailed detailed analysis analysis is is shown, shown, in in order to to produce research research and and publications is presented. presented. Then, a more more detailed analysis is shown, in order order to produce produce scientific literature about Resilience within Supply Chain research. First, a trend analysis of these topics research and publications is presented. Then, a detailed analysis is shown, in order to produce bibliometric maps maps and and tables tables summarizing summarizing the the main main scientific scientific trends trends under under these these topics: topics: the the latter latter analysis analysis bibliometric bibliometric and tables the main scientific trends under topics: latter analysis research andmaps publications isofsummarizing presented. Then, a more detailed analysis isthese shown, in the order to produce bibliometric maps and tables summarizing thekeywords main scientific trends under these topics: the latter analysis will provide useful insight the most used on the subject and the connections among them. will provide useful insight of the most used keywords on the subject and the connections among them. will provide useful insight the on subject and the among them. bibliometric and tablesof thekeywords main scientific under topics: the latter analysis will provide©maps useful insight ofsummarizing the most most used used keywords on the thetrends subject and these the connections connections among them. Copy-right 2019 IFAC Copy-right © 2019 IFAC Copy-right © 2019 © 2019, IFAC (International Federation Automatic Control) Hosting by and Elsevier All rightsamong reserved. will provide insight of the mostofused keywords on the subject the Ltd. connections them. Copy-right ©useful 2019 IFAC IFAC Copy-right © 2019 IFAC Keywords: Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management, Disruptions, Literature Review, Factors, Keywords: Keywords: Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management, Disruptions, Literature Review, Factors, Keywords: Supply Supply Chain Chain Resilience, Resilience, Risk Risk Management, Management, Disruptions, Disruptions, Literature Literature Review, Review, Factors, Factors, VOSviewer VOSviewer VOSviewer Keywords: VOSviewer Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management, Disruptions, Literature Review, Factors, VOSviewer evolution, by by using using two two different different approaches. approaches. The The first first one one evolution, 1. INTRODUCTION evolution, by by using using two two different different approaches. approaches. The The first first one one evolution, 1. INTRODUCTION aims to analyse how the SCR has been studied by the 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION aims how the SCR been by the aims to to analyse analyse how the SCR has has been studied studied by one the evolution, by using two different approaches. The first aims to analyse how the SCR has been studied by the different scientific journals. 1. INTRODUCTION Supply Chain Chain Resilience Resilience (SCR) has has been been studied studied in in the the different scientific journals. Supply (SCR) different scientific journals. aims to analyse how the SCR has been studied by the different scientific journals. Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) has been studied in the Supply Resilience has been studied the scientificChain literature since(SCR) the beginning beginning of the thein new new scientific literature since the of different scientific journals. The second approach, on the other hand, aims at examining scientific literature since the beginning of the new Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) has been studied in the scientific literature since the beginning of thecrucial new The second on hand, at millennium (Tukamuhabwa et al., al., 2015). Some Some The second approach, on the other hand, aims aims at examining The second approach, approach, on the the other other aims at examining examining millennium (Tukamuhabwa et 2015). crucial the evolution evolution of the the different different SCR hand, research topics: through millennium (Tukamuhabwa et 2015). Some crucial scientific literature since the beginning of the new millennium (Tukamuhabwa et al., al., 2015). Some crucial the of SCR research topics: through episodes, both from an economic and an industrial point of the evolution of the different SCR research topics: through The second approach, on the other hand, aims at examining the evolution of the different SCR research topics: through episodes, both from an economic and an industrial point of the use use of of VOSviewer, VOSviewer, in in fact, fact, the the most most widely widely used episodes, both both from an an economic economic and 2015). an industrial industrial point of the millennium (Tukamuhabwa et al., Some crucial episodes, from and an point of used view, have in fact led the scientific community to study this the use of VOSviewer, in fact, the most widely used evolution of the different SCR research topics: through the use of VOSviewer, in fact, the most widely used view, have in fact led the scientific community to study this keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the view, have haveboth in fact fact ledanthe the scientificand community to study study this episodes, from economic an industrial point of view, in led scientific community to this keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the concept in greater detail (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, 2018; keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the the use of VOSviewer, in fact, the most widely used keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the concept in greater detail (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, 2018; connections between those. concept in in greater detail (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, Ciarapica, 2018; view, have fact led the scientific community to study this concept in greater detail (Bevilacqua and 2018; connections between those. Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, 2001). connections between those. keywords are collected and then analysed, as well as the connections between those. Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, 2001). Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, Sheffi, 2001). concept in greater detail2001). (Bevilacqua and Ciarapica, 2018; Mukherjee, 2008; connections between those. The paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, the Mukherjee, 2008; Sheffi, 2001). The literature literature has produced produced many definitions definitions of of Supply Supply Chain Chain The The paper paper is is organized organized as as follows: follows: after after the the introduction, introduction, the the The paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, the The has many second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this The literature has produced many definitions of Supply Chain The literatureforhasexample, producedChristopher many definitions of Supply Chain second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this Resilience: and Peck offers the second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this The paper is organized as follows: after the introduction, second paragraph introduces the research parameters of this Resilience: for example, Christopher and Peck offers the literature review, review, along along with with the the methodology methodology used used the to Resilience: for example, Christopher and Peck offers the The literature produced many definitions of Supply Chain Resilience: forhas example, Christopher and Peck offers thea literature to most concise one, defining resilience as "the ability of literature review, along with the methodology used to second paragraph introduces the research parameters ofresult this literature review, along with the methodology used to most concise one, defining resilience as "the ability of a perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the most concise one, defining resilience as "the ability of a Resilience: for example, Christopher and Peck offers the most one, defining as "the of a perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result systemconcise to return return to its its originalresilience state or or move move to aaability new, more more perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result literature review, along with the methodology used to perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result system to to original state to new, analysis, and and the the last last one one presents presents the the conclusions, conclusions, providing providing system to return to original state move to new, more most concise one, defining resilience as "the of a analysis, system to state return to its its original state or or(Christopher move to aaability new, more desirable after being disturbed" and Peck, Peck, analysis, and the last one presents the conclusions, providing perform the analysis. The third chapter shows the result analysis, and the last one presents the conclusions, providing desirable state after being disturbed" (Christopher and indication on on how how to to use use this this tool tool to to identify identify potential potential gaps gaps in in desirable state after being disturbed" (Christopher and Peck, Peck, indication system to state returnafter to and its original state or(Christopher move to aSCR new, desirable being disturbed" and 2004). Ponomarov Ponomarov Holcomb, instead, define asmore “the indication on how to this tool to identify potential gaps analysis, and the answer last oneto presents conclusions, providing indication on and how to use use this toolresearch tothe identify potential gaps in in 2004). and Holcomb, instead, define as “the the literature literature new questions. 2004). Ponomarov Ponomarov and Holcomb, instead, define SCR SCR asPeck, “the the desirable state after being disturbed" (Christopher and 2004). and Holcomb, instead, define SCR as “the and answer to new research questions. SC adaptation adaptation capability capability to to prepare prepare for for unexpected unexpected events, events, indication the literature and answer to new research questions. on how to use this tool to identify potential gaps in the literature and answer to new research questions. SC SC adaptation adaptation capability to prepare prepare for unexpected unexpected events, 2004). Ponomarov and Holcomb, instead, define SCR as “the SC capability to for events, respond to interruptions, and recover from them to maintain the literature and answer to new research questions. respond to recover from them 2. RESEARCH RESEARCH PARAMETERS PARAMETERS AND AND METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY respond to interruptions, interruptions, and recover for fromunexpected them to to maintain maintain SC adaptation capabilityatand to events, respond to and recover from them to maintain 2. continuity ofinterruptions, operations theprepare desired level level of connection and 2. RESEARCH PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY 2. RESEARCH PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY continuity of operations at the desired of connection and continuity of operations at the desired level of connection and respond toofinterruptions, recover from of them to maintain continuity operations atand theand desired level connection and control over the structure function” (Ponomarov and 2. RESEARCH PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY The literature research has been carried out on on the the Web Web of of control over the structure and function” (Ponomarov and control over the structure and function” (Ponomarov and The literature research has been carried continuity of operations at theand desired level of connection and The control over the structure function” (Ponomarov The literature literature research research has has thbeen been carried carried out out on on the the Web Web of of out Holcomb, 2009). Science database, on the 10 of November 2018. The search th Holcomb, 2009). th of November 2018. The search Holcomb, 2009). database, on 10 control over the structure and function” (Ponomarov and Science Holcomb, 2009). Science database, on the thehas 10th of November November 2018. TheWeb search The literature research been carried out on the of Science database, on the 10 of 2018. The search parameters were defined as as follow: follow: parameters were defined th Holcomb, 2009). of A large large number number of authors authors have have contributed contributed to to the the study study of of Science parameters were defined as follow: database, on the 10 of November 2018. The search parameters were defined as follow: A A large number of have contributed to the of A large number (Kochan of authors authorsand have contributed to Ribeiro the study studyand of SCR literature Nowicki, 2018; •• The The keyword research parameters parameters were defined as follow: SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, 2018; Ribeiro and keyword research parameters are are summarized summarized SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, 2018; Ribeiro and A large number of authors have contributed to the study of •• The keyword research parameters are summarized SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, 2018; Ribeiro and Thethis keyword research parameters are summarized Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; Tukamuhabwa et al., 2015; Ivanov, by Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; Tukamuhabwa et al., 2015; Ivanov, by this Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; Tukamuhabwa Tukamuhabwa et 2018; al., 2015; 2015; Ivanov, by this Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND SCR literature (Kochan and Nowicki, Ribeiro and Barbosa-Povoa, 2018; et al., Ivanov, • The keyword research parameters are summarized by this Boolean expression: “Supply Chain" AND 2018a; Ivanov et al., 2014; Ivanov and Dolgui, 2018; (Resilience OR Resilient OR Disruption OR 2018a; Ivanov et al., 2014; Ivanov and Dolgui, 2018; (Resilience OR Resilient OR Disruption OR 2018a; Ivanov Ivanov 2018; et al., al., Tukamuhabwa 2014; Ivanov Ivanov etand and Dolgui, 2018; (Resilience OR Resilient Resilient OR“Supply Disruption OR AND Barbosa-Povoa, al., Dolgui, 2015; Ivanov, 2018a; et 2014; 2018; by this Boolean expression: Chain" (Resilience OR OR Disruption OR Kamalahmadi and and Parast, 2016). The The present present research paper Disruptions OR "Risk Since in Kamalahmadi Parast, 2016). research paper DisruptionsOR ORResilient "Risk Management”). Management”). Since in Kamalahmadi and Parast, 2016).Ivanov The present present research 2018; paper Disruptions OR "Risk Management”). Since in 2018a; Ivanov et al., 2014; and Dolgui, Kamalahmadi and Parast, 2016). The research paper (Resilience OR Disruption OR in Disruptions OR "Risk Management”). Since aims at contributing to this path by presenting an overview of many cases the keywords included in papers abstract aims at contributing to this path by presenting an overview of many cases the keywords included in papers abstract aims at contributing to this path by presenting an overview of many cases cases the the keywords included in in papers papers abstract Kamalahmadi and from Parast, 2016). The presentthrough research paper aims at contributing to this pathtoby presenting an overview of Disruptions OR "Risk Management”). Since in many keywords included abstract the SCR literature 2000 the present, the use would be, for example, "Resilient Supply Chain" the SCR literature from 2000 to the present, through the use would be, for example, "Resilient Supply Chain" the SCR literature from 2000 to the present, through the use wouldcases be, for for example, "Resilient Supply Chain" aims atVOSviewer contributing to this path an overview of the SCR literature software, from 2000 toby thepresenting present, through thenext use many theexample, keywords includedSupply in papers abstract would be, "Resilient Chain" of the the which will be shown shown in the the rather the canonical "Supply Resilience", of VOSviewer software, which will be in next rather than than theexample, canonical"Resilient "Supply Chain Chain Resilience", of VOSviewer software, which will be in next rather than the canonical "Supply Chain Resilience", the SCR literature from 2000 to the present, through theis use of the the VOSviewer software, which will be shown shown in the the next would be, for Supply Chain" rather than the canonical "Supply Chain Resilience", section. The added value of this macroscopic analysis to the in the parameters of both section. The value this macroscopic analysis to the inclusion inclusion incanonical the research research parameters of both the the section. The added value of this macroscopic analysis is to the inclusion the research parameters of both the of theaVOSviewer software, will be shown the is next section. The added added value of of which this is to rather than thein "Supply Chain Resilience", the inclusion in the research parameters of both the offer more comprehensive pointmacroscopic of view view of analysis theinliterature literature words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" offer a more comprehensive point of of the words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" offer aa more more comprehensive pointmacroscopic of view view of of analysis the literature literature words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" section. The added value of this is to offer comprehensive point of the the inclusion in the research parameters of both the words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption" offer a more comprehensive point of view of the literature words "Resilient" and "Resilience" and "Disruption"
2405-8963 © 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright 2019 IFAC 2887 Peer review© of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 2019 IFAC 2887 Copyright ©under 2019 responsibility IFAC 2887Control. Copyright © 2019 IFAC 2887 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.636 Copyright © 2019 IFAC 2887
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and "Disruptions" has allowed to include about 15% more results. • nsure substantive relevance, defined as adequacy of the articles in addressing, and capturing the phenomenon under investigation, by requiring that they contain the keyword search in their title, abstract or keywords; • To have a more comprehensive view of the evolution of the literature, the 2000-2018 timespan was selected; Through the application of these filters, 3016 papers were identified. Subsequently, the dataset was exported and analysed through the software VOSviewer. VOSviewer is a freely available software tool developed for building and displaying bibliometric maps. Unlike most of the other computer programs that are used for bibliometric mapping, VOSviewer spends particular attention to the graphical representation of these maps. The functionality of VOSviewer is in fact particularly useful for displaying large bibliometric maps, while providing a simple way to interpret such result (van Eck and Waltman, 2010). This software provides different modes of visualization: in this paper, two of them will be utilized. The first one used is the density visualization, which is represented in paragraph 3.1. In this map, labels represent items and each map point has a colour that indicates the item density at that point: colours range from blue to green to yellow, by default. The larger the number of items in the neighbourhood of a point, and the higher the weights of the neighbouring items, the closer the colour of the point is to yellow. The other way around, the smaller the number of items in the neighbourhood of a point, and the lower the weights of the neighbouring items, the closer the colour of the point is to blue (van Eck and Waltman, 2018). The second one is the network visualization, which is used in paragraph 3.2. In this case, the bibliometric maps contain items and links: •
Items: they are the object of interest of the map. In the present analysis, keywords are such objects. When reading the map, the higher the weight of an item, the larger the label and the circle of the item.
•
Links: between a pair of items there may be a link, which represents a connection between these two items. Each link has a weight, represented by a positive numerical value. The higher this value, the stronger is the link. Moreover, when looking at the map, the closer two items are located to each other, the stronger their relatedness. Also, the relatedness is represented by the thickness of the edges connecting the items. 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The results of an initial quantitative analysis are shown in the figures below. In Fig. 1 we can see how Risk Management, Resilience and Disruption were associated as research topics
to SC only few years after 2000. This result reveals that indeed the events that occurred at the beginning of the new millennium were the drivers on creating this correlation issue. In Fig.2 we can notice that also the citations about these topics have followed the same increasing trend.
Fig.1: Total Publications by Year
Fig.2: Total citations per year 3.1 Journals Density Map This paragraph shows the bibliographic coupling density map, in which the relatedness of the items (journals) is determined based on the number of the references they share. The minimum number of documents requested for a journal to result in the map was set to 10. Of the 1164 sources, 39 met the threshold. The results are shown in Fig. 3 and Table 1. “International Journal of Production Research” and “International Journal of Production Economics” can be found at the top of the table, with 156 journals and 2947 citations shared for the former and 130 journals and 4897 citations shared for the latter. Arguably, these journals are a point of reference for these subjects study: hence, the software place them at the centre of the density map. They are followed by "European Journal Of Operational Research", "Supply Chain Management-An International Journal" and "Computers & Industrial Engineering" with a score in published documents of 65, 64 and 55 respectively, and with a number of shared citations of 2241, 1883 and 758 respectively. An interesting result that can be read both from the table and the map is that SCR, along with the study of
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Fig. 3 Bibliographic coupling density map
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Journal Documents Citations International Journal Of 156 2947 Production Research International Journal Of 130 4897 Production Economics European Journal Of 65 2241 Operational Research Supply Chain Management-An 64 1883 International Journal Computers & Industrial 55 758 Engineering Journal Of Cleaner 50 1111 Production Transportation Research Part E-Logistics And 48 791 Transportation Review International Journal Of Physical Distribution & 42 1403 Logistics Management Sustainability 39 98 Omega-International Journal Of Management 37 1323 Science Table 1: Bibliographic coupling numerical results
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Risk Management and Disruption Management within a SC, are consolidating as research topics both in logistic research journals (“Transportation Research Part E-Logistics And Transportation Review”, “International Journal Of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management”) and in sustainability research journals (“Journal Of Cleaner Production”, “Sustainability”). This is probably due to the latest trend of research about SCR and logistic (Ishfaq, 2012; Urciuoli and Hintsa, 2018), along with the study of the correlation between sustainability and SCR (Ivanov, 2018b; Soni and Jain, 2011). 3.2 Keywords Bibliometric Maps and Tables In this paragraph the keywords co-concurrence bibliometric analysis is exemplified. In this research, different maps were created, for different spans of time: 2000-2010 (592 papers), 2011-2015 (1156 papers), 2016-2018 (1266 papers). In these maps the relatedness of the items (keywords) is determined based on the number of documents in which they occur together, while the strength of the links indicates the number of publications in which two terms occur together. In each map, the minimum number of occurrences of a given keyword, in order to be relevant for the analysis, was set to 8 for the first tranche, 10 for the second and 13 for the third. This choice has been made in order to find an optimal tradeoff between the readability and the comprehensiveness of the map, while keeping track of the different spans of time for each tranche of papers. Fig. 4 shows the 2016-2018 bibliometric map, while Table 3 and Table 4 exemplify the results of each of the three bibliometric map analysis.
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Fig. 4: 2016-2018 Keyword Co-occurrence bibliometric map 1st tranche: 2000-2010 2nd tranche: 2011-2015 Item Occurr. Item Occurr. # 1 Risk management 143 Risk management 199 2 SC management 117 SC 165 3 SC 96 SC management 159 4 Disruption management 39 SC risk management 95 5 SC risk management 26 Resilience 64 6 Risk 22 Risk 42 7 SC coordination 22 SC resilience 34 8 Simulation 20 Disruption management 31 9 SC risk 19 Game theory 31 10 Disruption 18 Uncertainty 30 11 Uncertainty 16 Supplier selection 29 12 Resilience 12 SC risk 29 13 Demand disruption 11 Simulation 27 14 Optimization 10 Disruptions 25 15 Case study 9 SC disruption 23 16 SCs 9 SC disruptions 20 17 Coordination 8 Disruption 19 18 Disruptions 8 Supply disruption 19 19 Risk assessment 8 Robustness 18 20 SC disruptions 8 Risk assessment 17 Table 2: Principal items occurrences. The research keywords are indicated in bold. 2890
3rd tranche: 2016-2018 Item Occurr. Risk management 161 SC 138 SC management 115 SC risk management 102 Resilience 100 SC resilience 57 Sustainability 44 Disruption 38 SC risk 33 Uncertainty 33 Risk 30 Game theory 27 Disruption management 25 Supplier selection 25 Logistics 24 SC disruptions 23 Supply disruption 23 Simulation 21 Stochastic programming 21 Robust optimization 20
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1st tranche: 2000-2010 2nd tranche: 2011-2015 3rd tranche: 2016-2018 nd st nd st # 1 item 2 Item Relat. 1 item 2 Item Relat. 1 item 2nd Item Relat. Risk SC Risk SC Risk SC 1 57 61 33 management management management management management management Risk Risk Risk 2 SC 26 SC 37 SC 28 management management management Disruption SC 3 11 Resilience SC 17 Resilience SC 20 management management Disruption SC 4 SC 10 Game theory 13 Disruption SC 14 management management Disruption SC 5 10 Risk SC 12 Risk SC 12 management coordination SC 6 Risk SC 9 Resilience 10 Resilience Sustainability 11 management Disruption SC 7 Disruption SC 8 Game theory 8 Resilience 9 management management SC 8 Coordination SC 6 Game theory 8 Logistics SC 8 coordination Coordination Disruption Robust 9 6 Resilience Uncertainty 7 Uncertainty 8 mechanism management optimization Risk Risk 10 Uncertainty 6 Risk 7 Disruptions SC 7 management management Table 3: Principal relatedness of the items st
Studying the results, it is clear from both the bibliometric map and the tables that the keywords inserted in the search count the most occurrences. For this reason, in the tables, these keywords have been highlighted in bold, in order to distinguish them from other items resultant from the research The items "Supply Chain", "Resilience", "Risk" and "Sustainability", for example, are the most important of their cluster, the green one. Table 3 too exemplifies this relation: it can be seen how in recent years is consolidating the research of "Resilience" correlated with "Sustainability": in the third tranche of papers analysed the weight of their relatedness is 11. Indeed, the recent socio-economic development has steered the industry into embed both Resilience and Sustainability in their day-to-day operations (Antomarioni et al., 2017; Caniato et al., 2012). Observing Table 2, the main trend is represented by the presence of the item "SC Management", which appears first with 117 occurrences, then with 165 and finally with 138, immediately after the keywords "SC" and "Risk Management": this because a proper management of SC is essential to tackle disruptions and then maintain a resilient SC. The same consideration applies to the item "Disruption Management". Another interesting result is the presence of the keyword "Game theory" in the second and third tranches, with respectively 31 and 27 occurrences, but not in the first. This is because, probably, this and like many other methodologies have begun to consolidate among the research methods only after having characterize the concept of SCR itself. The keywords "Supplier Selection" and "Supply Disruption" can be both found in the second and in the third tranche: the study of disruptions deriving from the interruption of the flow of information and materials within the SC is, currently,
among the most studied research topics (Chen et al., 2016; De Sanctis et al., 2018). Examining Table 3, it can be noted the relatedness between "Risk Management" and "SC Management", which is the highest in all the tranches. This is because, according to most studies, it appears clear that the Risk Management Culture must be embedded in all branches of SC management (Bevilacqua et al., 2018; Chowdhury and Quaddus, 2016). Another interesting result is represented by the relatedness between "Game Theory" and first with "SC Management" and then "SC coordination": this indicates how this methodology is used to study these types of analysis, within the analysis of the SCR (Tian et al., 2014). 4. CONCLUSIONS This article aims to provide an overview of the extant literature on Supply Chain Resilience, Risk Management and Disruption fields of research, through the use of the VOSviewer software, which has allowed to automatically create bibliometric maps and tables from a large amount of data (more than 3000 records). This methodology allows to have a macroscopic and comprehensive view of the state of the art of literature, allowing to observe the presence of the most important keywords and the relationships between them: this kind of information can allow researchers to observe any research gaps in the extant research. This software, in fact, through the analysis of significant amount of data, allows to straightforwardly pinpoint the answer to research questions and therefore assist into filling the gaps in SCR literature research. In particular, Figure 4 allows an immediate visualization of the past research trends, by indicating the presence and strength of certain links between research topics
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This methodology can in fact support researchers into determine which keywords are more common in one area in respect to another, or to discover if there is a trend into the practice of certain methodologies in specific sectors, e.g. automotive sector or fashion sector. Indeed, for future developments, it is planned to use the methodology carried out in this research article to build specific comparisons and find more useful insights, especially carrying out such research in different industrial sectors research. 5. REFERENCES Antomarioni, S., Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F.E., Marcucci, G., 2017. Resilience in the Fashion Industry Supply Chain: State of the Art Literature Review, in: Workshop on Business Models and ICT Technologies for the Fashion Supply Chain. Springer, pp. 95–108. Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F.E., 2018. Human factor risk management in the process industry: A case study. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 169, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.08.013 Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F.E., Marcucci, G., Mazzuto, G., 2018. Conceptual model for analysing domino effect among concepts affecting supply chain resilience, in: Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal. Taylor & Francis, pp. 1–18. Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Crippa, L., Moretto, A., 2012. Environmental sustainability in fashion supply chains: An exploratory case based research. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 135, 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.06.001 Chen, A., Hsieh, C.-Y., Wee, H.M., 2016. A resilient global supplier selection strategy—a case study of an automotive company. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 87, 1475–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-0146567-z Chowdhury, M.M.H., Quaddus, M., 2016. Supply chain readiness, response and recovery for resilience. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 21, 709–731. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-12-2015-0463 Christopher, M., Peck, H., 2004. Building the Resilient Supply Chain. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090410700275 De Sanctis, I., Ordieres Meré, J., Ciarapica, F.E., 2018. Resilience for lean organisational network. Int. J. Prod. Res. 1–20. Ishfaq, R., 2012. Resilience through flexibility in transportation operations. Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl. 15, 215–229. Ivanov, D., 2018a. Structural dynamics and resilience in supply chain risk management. Springer. Ivanov, D., 2018b. Revealing interfaces of supply chain resilience and sustainability: a simulation study. Int. J. Prod. Res. 56, 3507–3523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1343507 Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., 2018. Low-Certainty-Need (LCN) supply chains: a new perspective in managing disruption risks and resilience. Int. J. Prod. Res. 1– 18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1521025
Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., Sokolov, B., Ivanova, M., 2017. Literature review on disruption recovery in the supply chain. Int. J. Prod. Res. 55, 6158–6174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1330572 Ivanov, D., Sokolov, B. vladimirovich, Dolgui, A., 2014. The ripple effect in SCs: trade-off efficiency-flexibilityresilience’s in disruption management. Int. J. Prod. Res. 52(7). Kamalahmadi, M., Parast, M.M., 2016. A review of the literature on the principles of enterprise and supply chain resilience: Major findings and directions for future research. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 171, 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.10.023 Kochan, C.G., Nowicki, D.R., 2018. Supply chain resilience: a systematic literature review and typological framework. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 48, 842–865. Mukherjee, A.S., 2008. The Fire That Changed an Industry: A Case Study on Thriving in a Networked World | Design Principles for Adaptive Businesses | InformIT [WWW Document]. URL http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=124 4469 (accessed 11.6.18). Ponomarov, S.Y., Holcomb, M.C., 2009. Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 20, 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873 Ribeiro, J.P., Barbosa-Povoa, A., 2018. Supply Chain Resilience: Definitions and quantitative modelling approaches–A literature review. Comput. Ind. Eng. 115, 109–122. Sheffi, Y., 2001. Supply Chain Management under the Threat of International Terrorism. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090110806262 Soni, U., Jain, V., 2011. Minimizing the vulnerabilities of supply chain: A new framework for enhancing the resilience, in: Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2011 IEEE International Conference On. IEEE, pp. 933–939. Tian, Y., Govindan, K., Zhu, Q., 2014. A system dynamics model based on evolutionary game theory for green supply chain management diffusion among Chinese manufacturers. J. Clean. Prod. 80, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.076 Tukamuhabwa, B.R., Stevenson, M., Busby, J., Zorzini, M., 2015. Supply chain resilience: definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study. Int. J. Prod. Res. 53, 5592–5623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1037934 Urciuoli, L., Hintsa, J., 2018. Improving supply chain risk management–can additional data help? Int. J. Logist. Syst. Manag. 30, 195–224. van Eck, N.J., Waltman, L., 2018. VOSviewer Manual 51. van Eck, N.J., Waltman, L., 2010. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84, 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
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