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Support of workings in complex mining and geological conditions
133A
Shotcrete
Direct rock support methods
883236
See also: 883353, 883387
New Austrian Tunnelling Method in eanimining (In German Thierse, D Ghtcknf V123, 3123, 3 Dec 1987, P1457-1468 (german), 1'634-642 (English) The NATM prevents deconsolidation of strata and employs the self-supporting properties of the rock mass. Bearing capacities of NATM shotcrete and steel arches are compared. The use of the consolidation layer as head protection, and the use of early bearing materials are discussed. NATM is cost effective in drainage roads, where inflow is prevented, shaft porches, branch-offs, and large or irregularly shaped rooms. Case histories of the use of NATM are quoted. 883237
Support of workin~ in complex mining and geological conditions Rukin, V V; Kuperman, V L; Kardash, J A; Babkin, S T Proc lnter~tiomd Symposimn on F~b~t,r i q in Complex Rock Formations, Beijiq, 3-7 November, 1986 P714-717. Publ Beijing: Science Press, 1986 Polymer-cement shotcrete with improved elasticity, tensile strength, adhesion, and watertightness has been developed. Its use in underground workings in permafrost, and weathered siltstones and sandstones is described. 883238
Refrain and research of tenm4 soEpert in soft rocks at S b e a ~ miam Zheng Yutian Proc Inter~tloMl Symposk~ on E ~ e r i q hi Complex Rock Formmions, Beifi~, 3-7 No,tuber, 1986 P723-731. Publ Beijing: Science Press, 1986 Support development at the Shenbei lignite mines is described, with special reference to the past two years. The rock is mudstone, which is jointed and susceptible to weathering and slaking. The support development/test procedures and a method of determining the theological properties of the surrounding rock by back analysis are presented. Recent work in the test tunnel has used shoterete/bolts/wire mesh as primary support, with an arching plate, U-steel support and shotcrete or supplementary shotcrete as secondary support. The use of the arching plate is the more successful. 883239
Philmol~y and measures for mniatnining the stabifity of underpmmd tunnels in complex rock masses in Jingchuan Mine Dbtrkt II Fang Zuiie
l n t ~
Sy~,osi~ om F.q~erisq ia Complex
Rock Fecmmicm, Beifi~, 3-7 Nm~cmbcr, 1986 P750-756. Publ Be.fling: Science Press, 1986 Support for tunnelling in heavily jointed rocks of low overall strength and stability is discussed. Representative rocks are chlorite and graphite schists containing swelling clay minerals. Field measurements have characterised the time dependent behaviour of the rocks and their engineering geology. Tunnel design is in accordance with geology and in situ stress field, and excavation by such methods as smooth blasting or tunnel boring machines. Early support is used to stabilise and prevent weathering, with secondary support when deformation begins to decrease significantly. Shotcrete-mesh-bolts is used with rigid support in loosened zones.
88324O Study of timber and alternatives for mine reef control Faulkner, G J; Zhanjing Yu; Wenliang Tang
Proc Fowtk Ammol Workskop Gomqc Miocral Teclmology Center, M i ~ Systems Design aosl Gromul Control, Moscow, Idaho, 20-21 October 1986 P71-80. Publ Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986 Longwall mining requires supports with high initial stiffness, yet with almost unrestrained abifity to yield. A variety of supports has been tested to develop cheaper and better roof control. Included are timber posts and cribs, concrete block cribs with particle board layers, steel fibre reinforced concrete cribs, and recently developed props such as the Super Post and Wedge Prop. Costs, installation costs, maximum load and maximum deformation were recorded and compared. 883241
New materials technology applied in Iongwall mining James, A M In: Ground Mo~ment ~ Control Related to Coal Mimiaf (papers to tire Sympos/ma, lllavmrrn, Aafost 1986) P240246. Publ Parkville: AuslMM, 1986 Monolithic pump packing, first using coal slurry/cement mixtures, then the highly successful and economically superior Aquapack method, is one of the ways new materials have been adopted in longwall mining. The use of special grouts to seal airways across the waste and reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion, and the use of cementitious foams to fill and support mine roadway and face cavities are also described. 883242 Monolithic partitions for the wide drivalgeS - some design
considerations Smart, B G D In: Ground Movement and Comrol Related to Coal Miolq (papers to the Symposhun, lllawarra, Angtut 1986) P247252. Publ Parkville: AuslMM, 1986 Monolithic packing, introduced into British mines in recent years, is examined for application to development drivages in Australia, enabling double entries for Ion&wall retreat panels to be created from a shortwall unit. The monolithic packing becomes a monolithic partition. The roof strata tilt method for longwall mining is adapted, and used to predict the support performance of the monolithic partition. Feasibility, costs, and possible rates of advance are considered.
Grouting See also: 883384, 883393 883243
Groundwater control by jet grouting Coomber, D B In: Groudwmer i~ F.qimeedq Geology (papers to tke 21st
A ~ m l C o . f m ~ e of t k ~ ~ of tlx Geological ,Society, ~ , 15-19 ~ptember, 1985) P445454. Publ London: Geological Society, 1986 Jet grouting can minimise the uncertainties associated with injection and permeation grouting, and can be used with confidence for groundwater control. Soil structure is destroyed by high pressure ermive jets, and the soil particla are either simultaneously mixed with 8rout particles or replaced by
© 1988 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
Shotcrete
Direct rock support methods
883236
See also: 883353, 883387
New Austrian Tunnelling Method in eanimining (In German Thierse, D Ghtcknf V123, 3123, 3 Dec 1987, P1457-1468 (german), 1'634-642 (English) The NATM prevents deconsolidation of strata and employs the self-supporting properties of the rock mass. Bearing capacities of NATM shotcrete and steel arches are compared. The use of the consolidation layer as head protection, and the use of early bearing materials are discussed. NATM is cost effective in drainage roads, where inflow is prevented, shaft porches, branch-offs, and large or irregularly shaped rooms. Case histories of the use of NATM are quoted. 883237
Support of workin~ in complex mining and geological conditions Rukin, V V; Kuperman, V L; Kardash, J A; Babkin, S T Proc lnter~tiomd Symposimn on F~b~t,r i q in Complex Rock Formations, Beijiq, 3-7 November, 1986 P714-717. Publ Beijing: Science Press, 1986 Polymer-cement shotcrete with improved elasticity, tensile strength, adhesion, and watertightness has been developed. Its use in underground workings in permafrost, and weathered siltstones and sandstones is described. 883238
Refrain and research of tenm4 soEpert in soft rocks at S b e a ~ miam Zheng Yutian Proc Inter~tloMl Symposk~ on E ~ e r i q hi Complex Rock Formmions, Beifi~, 3-7 No,tuber, 1986 P723-731. Publ Beijing: Science Press, 1986 Support development at the Shenbei lignite mines is described, with special reference to the past two years. The rock is mudstone, which is jointed and susceptible to weathering and slaking. The support development/test procedures and a method of determining the theological properties of the surrounding rock by back analysis are presented. Recent work in the test tunnel has used shoterete/bolts/wire mesh as primary support, with an arching plate, U-steel support and shotcrete or supplementary shotcrete as secondary support. The use of the arching plate is the more successful. 883239
Philmol~y and measures for mniatnining the stabifity of underpmmd tunnels in complex rock masses in Jingchuan Mine Dbtrkt II Fang Zuiie
l n t ~
Sy~,osi~ om F.q~erisq ia Complex
Rock Fecmmicm, Beifi~, 3-7 Nm~cmbcr, 1986 P750-756. Publ Be.fling: Science Press, 1986 Support for tunnelling in heavily jointed rocks of low overall strength and stability is discussed. Representative rocks are chlorite and graphite schists containing swelling clay minerals. Field measurements have characterised the time dependent behaviour of the rocks and their engineering geology. Tunnel design is in accordance with geology and in situ stress field, and excavation by such methods as smooth blasting or tunnel boring machines. Early support is used to stabilise and prevent weathering, with secondary support when deformation begins to decrease significantly. Shotcrete-mesh-bolts is used with rigid support in loosened zones.
88324O Study of timber and alternatives for mine reef control Faulkner, G J; Zhanjing Yu; Wenliang Tang
Proc Fowtk Ammol Workskop Gomqc Miocral Teclmology Center, M i ~ Systems Design aosl Gromul Control, Moscow, Idaho, 20-21 October 1986 P71-80. Publ Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986 Longwall mining requires supports with high initial stiffness, yet with almost unrestrained abifity to yield. A variety of supports has been tested to develop cheaper and better roof control. Included are timber posts and cribs, concrete block cribs with particle board layers, steel fibre reinforced concrete cribs, and recently developed props such as the Super Post and Wedge Prop. Costs, installation costs, maximum load and maximum deformation were recorded and compared. 883241
New materials technology applied in Iongwall mining James, A M In: Ground Mo~ment ~ Control Related to Coal Mimiaf (papers to tire Sympos/ma, lllavmrrn, Aafost 1986) P240246. Publ Parkville: AuslMM, 1986 Monolithic pump packing, first using coal slurry/cement mixtures, then the highly successful and economically superior Aquapack method, is one of the ways new materials have been adopted in longwall mining. The use of special grouts to seal airways across the waste and reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion, and the use of cementitious foams to fill and support mine roadway and face cavities are also described. 883242 Monolithic partitions for the wide drivalgeS - some design
considerations Smart, B G D In: Ground Movement and Comrol Related to Coal Miolq (papers to the Symposhun, lllawarra, Angtut 1986) P247252. Publ Parkville: AuslMM, 1986 Monolithic packing, introduced into British mines in recent years, is examined for application to development drivages in Australia, enabling double entries for Ion&wall retreat panels to be created from a shortwall unit. The monolithic packing becomes a monolithic partition. The roof strata tilt method for longwall mining is adapted, and used to predict the support performance of the monolithic partition. Feasibility, costs, and possible rates of advance are considered.
Grouting See also: 883384, 883393 883243
Groundwater control by jet grouting Coomber, D B In: Groudwmer i~ F.qimeedq Geology (papers to tke 21st
A ~ m l C o . f m ~ e of t k ~ ~ of tlx Geological ,Society, ~ , 15-19 ~ptember, 1985) P445454. Publ London: Geological Society, 1986 Jet grouting can minimise the uncertainties associated with injection and permeation grouting, and can be used with confidence for groundwater control. Soil structure is destroyed by high pressure ermive jets, and the soil particla are either simultaneously mixed with 8rout particles or replaced by
© 1988 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted