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Suppurative meningitis as a sequel to strangles
ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS.
179
examination showed the well-known adhesions, but Ohler was unable to discover the foreign body. These several cases relate to "paralysis" after calving, but Ohler has seen similar cases before parturition, one of which he describes as follows :He was called to a primipara with the history that for some days past she had taken nothing and had ceased to ruminate. On his first examination he found the stomach and bowels not acting, the pulse normal, and the temperature 39'2° C. On pressing over the region of the reticulum the animal groaned and opened its eyes, showing the entire anterior half of the sclerotic. Two days later the animal lay down, and could not again be induced to rise. Pressure over the reticulum was even more painful than before. On the fourth day after the animal had been down Ohler recommended lInmediate slaughter. The animal was already thirty-eight weeks pregnant. On opening the carcase he found a sewing needle which had penetrated the diaphragm. The injury caused by the foreign body was quite recent, and no other cause of the continual lying down than this wound' caused by a foreign body could be found. The chief difference between the above described cases of apparent paralysis and those not caused by a foreign body consists in the method of takmg nourishment. In all the cases of paralysis Ohler has seen in which there was no suggestion of a foreign body the animals showed unaltered appetite, notwithstanding the difficulty of delivery even to the point of the vagina having been lacerated. In the above-mentioned cases, and especially at their outset, this was never the case. On the contrary, the animals showed symptoms of acute gastric catarrh. Although foreign bodies may for long remain in the animal's reticulum without producing any bad effect whatever, yet, under the influence of violent exertion, such bodies may suddenly be thrust forward through the diaphragm and even into the pericardium. Similarly, the violent action of the abdominal muscles during delivery, or the forward pressure of the gravid uterus on the organs of digestion during pregnancy, may force foreign bodies through the reticulum, with the results above noted.-( Wochenschrift liir Thin'heil, Nos. 18 and 19, 1902.)
SUPPURATIVE MENINGITIS AS A SEQUEL TO STRANGLES. Two examples of this rather rare sequel to strangles are recorded by Humann. After an attack of strangles, two seven months old foals showed symptoms of a peculiar disease, from which they died. After extensive abscess formation in the submaxillary lymphatic glands the animals appeared to be recovering. Suddenly, although sensation seemed perfect, symptqms of tetanus set in. The legs were stretched out stiffly, the neck and head were held extended, the ears were immobile. There was, however, no trismus of the muscles of mastication, and oats and hay were eaten. with moderate appetite. On attempting to move the animals backwards, however, they fell and seemed unable to rise again. Soon after the appearance of these symptoms a hot painful swelling appeared above the poll, and extended down about onethird of the neck. The head was now held quite stiffly extended, and the animals could only eat when food was introduced into the mouth. The diagnosis of metastasis and metastatic inflammation of the medulla oblongata was formed, and the prognosis was naturally very unfavourable. In a few days the swellings showed. fluctuation, and on incision discharged a thin, fluid, ill-smelling, purulent material streaked with blood. On the seventh day after the appearance of these symptoms the animals died.
180
ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS.
On Post-lliortelil examination a well-marked suppurative inflammation of the medulla oblongata and its membranes was discovered. The remarkable point was that this fatal sequel should affect two foals of the same age at almost the same time and with similar symptoms.-(Ibzli., No. 35, 1902.)
THE ORGANISM OF PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. TARTAKOWSKY and Dschunkowsky repeated Nocard and Roux's experiments on the etiology of pleuro-pneumonia, in connection with an outbreak of the disease which occurred in St. Petersburg during 1900. They a]so found that the microbes were scarcely visible with a magnification of 1000 diameters. The largest visible bodies, representing masses of microbes, were hardly half a micron in size. They stained best with gentian or methyl violet and with hot carbo I-fuchsin solution, but only a part of the micro-organisms were ever stained. The cultures, which are enclosed in collodion envelopes placed in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits, require two to three weeks for growth. In pure cultures the microbe may be propogated for six generations. An injection of the fifth generation into a calf showed its virulence to be slightly lessened. Five camels which were inoculated with attenuated cultures and a calf treated in the same way became immune. The authors declare that the microbe is sufficiently small to pass through the Berkefeldt filter.-(fbid., No. 37, 19 02 .)
HEREDITY OF THE ARTHRITIC DIATHESIS: ITS TRANSMISSION TO THREE FOALS BY THE DAM. By M. DARMAGNAC. THE mare Orangine, of pure Arab blood, born in 1892 at the Tiaret stud, was subject to colic, and was treated several times for attacks of skin disease. She had three foals, which Darmagnac kept under observation, and of which we give a brief pathological history_ I. Abandon, pure Arab, suffered during the entire summer of 1899 from squamous eczema. In 1900 the skin disease reappeared with the onset of warm weather. Without apparent cause cracks occurred around the pasterns, and resi sted local treatment. In October the animal showed violent colic of a nervous character, which, however, readily yielded to anodyne treatment (morphine and chloral). In 1901 eczema again appeared at the commencement of summer; cracks formed in the skin ; in spite of very careful hygienic treatment the animal had frequent attacks of colic, but these always yielded to a nodyne treatment and only to such treatment Rheumatic lameness set in during training, which had to be discontinued. This animal passed beyond observation after this date. II. Badin, an Arab bal~, born in 1899, in 1900 showed patches of eczema, from which the hair was shed. In 1901-1902, during the course of the summer, this animal suffered from generalised eczema and from deep and very obstinate cracks in the skin. It several times suffered from painful colic, which, however, yielded to anodyne treatment, though unaffected by other medication. In April 1902 it was treated for disturbance of circulation, characterised by doubling of the second heart sound and by swelling about the limbs. III. Castor, an Arab barb, born in 1900, in 1901 showed signs of herpes, cracks in the skin, and colic of the same type as that noted in its brothers. In 1902 it showed eczema and cracks in the skin.
179
examination showed the well-known adhesions, but Ohler was unable to discover the foreign body. These several cases relate to "paralysis" after calving, but Ohler has seen similar cases before parturition, one of which he describes as follows :He was called to a primipara with the history that for some days past she had taken nothing and had ceased to ruminate. On his first examination he found the stomach and bowels not acting, the pulse normal, and the temperature 39'2° C. On pressing over the region of the reticulum the animal groaned and opened its eyes, showing the entire anterior half of the sclerotic. Two days later the animal lay down, and could not again be induced to rise. Pressure over the reticulum was even more painful than before. On the fourth day after the animal had been down Ohler recommended lInmediate slaughter. The animal was already thirty-eight weeks pregnant. On opening the carcase he found a sewing needle which had penetrated the diaphragm. The injury caused by the foreign body was quite recent, and no other cause of the continual lying down than this wound' caused by a foreign body could be found. The chief difference between the above described cases of apparent paralysis and those not caused by a foreign body consists in the method of takmg nourishment. In all the cases of paralysis Ohler has seen in which there was no suggestion of a foreign body the animals showed unaltered appetite, notwithstanding the difficulty of delivery even to the point of the vagina having been lacerated. In the above-mentioned cases, and especially at their outset, this was never the case. On the contrary, the animals showed symptoms of acute gastric catarrh. Although foreign bodies may for long remain in the animal's reticulum without producing any bad effect whatever, yet, under the influence of violent exertion, such bodies may suddenly be thrust forward through the diaphragm and even into the pericardium. Similarly, the violent action of the abdominal muscles during delivery, or the forward pressure of the gravid uterus on the organs of digestion during pregnancy, may force foreign bodies through the reticulum, with the results above noted.-( Wochenschrift liir Thin'heil, Nos. 18 and 19, 1902.)
SUPPURATIVE MENINGITIS AS A SEQUEL TO STRANGLES. Two examples of this rather rare sequel to strangles are recorded by Humann. After an attack of strangles, two seven months old foals showed symptoms of a peculiar disease, from which they died. After extensive abscess formation in the submaxillary lymphatic glands the animals appeared to be recovering. Suddenly, although sensation seemed perfect, symptqms of tetanus set in. The legs were stretched out stiffly, the neck and head were held extended, the ears were immobile. There was, however, no trismus of the muscles of mastication, and oats and hay were eaten. with moderate appetite. On attempting to move the animals backwards, however, they fell and seemed unable to rise again. Soon after the appearance of these symptoms a hot painful swelling appeared above the poll, and extended down about onethird of the neck. The head was now held quite stiffly extended, and the animals could only eat when food was introduced into the mouth. The diagnosis of metastasis and metastatic inflammation of the medulla oblongata was formed, and the prognosis was naturally very unfavourable. In a few days the swellings showed. fluctuation, and on incision discharged a thin, fluid, ill-smelling, purulent material streaked with blood. On the seventh day after the appearance of these symptoms the animals died.
180
ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS.
On Post-lliortelil examination a well-marked suppurative inflammation of the medulla oblongata and its membranes was discovered. The remarkable point was that this fatal sequel should affect two foals of the same age at almost the same time and with similar symptoms.-(Ibzli., No. 35, 1902.)
THE ORGANISM OF PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. TARTAKOWSKY and Dschunkowsky repeated Nocard and Roux's experiments on the etiology of pleuro-pneumonia, in connection with an outbreak of the disease which occurred in St. Petersburg during 1900. They a]so found that the microbes were scarcely visible with a magnification of 1000 diameters. The largest visible bodies, representing masses of microbes, were hardly half a micron in size. They stained best with gentian or methyl violet and with hot carbo I-fuchsin solution, but only a part of the micro-organisms were ever stained. The cultures, which are enclosed in collodion envelopes placed in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits, require two to three weeks for growth. In pure cultures the microbe may be propogated for six generations. An injection of the fifth generation into a calf showed its virulence to be slightly lessened. Five camels which were inoculated with attenuated cultures and a calf treated in the same way became immune. The authors declare that the microbe is sufficiently small to pass through the Berkefeldt filter.-(fbid., No. 37, 19 02 .)
HEREDITY OF THE ARTHRITIC DIATHESIS: ITS TRANSMISSION TO THREE FOALS BY THE DAM. By M. DARMAGNAC. THE mare Orangine, of pure Arab blood, born in 1892 at the Tiaret stud, was subject to colic, and was treated several times for attacks of skin disease. She had three foals, which Darmagnac kept under observation, and of which we give a brief pathological history_ I. Abandon, pure Arab, suffered during the entire summer of 1899 from squamous eczema. In 1900 the skin disease reappeared with the onset of warm weather. Without apparent cause cracks occurred around the pasterns, and resi sted local treatment. In October the animal showed violent colic of a nervous character, which, however, readily yielded to anodyne treatment (morphine and chloral). In 1901 eczema again appeared at the commencement of summer; cracks formed in the skin ; in spite of very careful hygienic treatment the animal had frequent attacks of colic, but these always yielded to a nodyne treatment and only to such treatment Rheumatic lameness set in during training, which had to be discontinued. This animal passed beyond observation after this date. II. Badin, an Arab bal~, born in 1899, in 1900 showed patches of eczema, from which the hair was shed. In 1901-1902, during the course of the summer, this animal suffered from generalised eczema and from deep and very obstinate cracks in the skin. It several times suffered from painful colic, which, however, yielded to anodyne treatment, though unaffected by other medication. In April 1902 it was treated for disturbance of circulation, characterised by doubling of the second heart sound and by swelling about the limbs. III. Castor, an Arab barb, born in 1900, in 1901 showed signs of herpes, cracks in the skin, and colic of the same type as that noted in its brothers. In 1902 it showed eczema and cracks in the skin.