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Surface failure of bearings and other rolling elements
LITERATURE
406 predicted on the basis of the linear spring, under impact. Motion of a Ball in Angular-contact Ball Bearing. Fujio Hirano, ASLE Trans., 8 (1965) 425-434. The author carried out an experimental investigation on the motion of- a ball in an angular-contact ball bearing under thrust load by measuring change in magnetic flux induced by a magnetized ball. The observed data of the angular velocity of the ball and that of the cage were adequate for analyzing the kinematical condition in the bearing. It is noted that the ratios of the angular velocities of the rolling elements are closely related to the parameter zFc/P., where z, F, and P, denote the number of balls in the bearing, the centrifugal force acting on a ball and the magnitude of thrust load, respectively. In the range zF,/P, > 0.1, the deviation of the observed data from the values theoretically predicted based upon a simple assumption neglecting the gyroscopic moment is remarkable. In order to explain the experimental results reasonably, it is necessary to consider the gyroscopic moment along with the effect of the centrifugal force. Torque Variations in Bearings. E. P. Kingsbury, ASLE
Instrument Trans..
8
Ball (1965)
435-44I.
Disturbances in the torques and motions in angular contact instrument ball bearing pairs are described and analyzed. Among others, a motion of the ball retainer, analogous to dryfriction whirl, is attributed to frictional coupling between balls and retainer, and an interaction between bearings, resulting in several low-frequency perturbations, is explained in terms of ball errors. Experimental confirmation is obtained. Modem Gas-bearings Turbomachinery. I. The State of the Art. B. Sternlicht and E. B. Arwas, Mech. Eng., 88 (1966) 244-29. The current status of gas lubrication, in which gas-lubricated bearings are used in places where the process “fluid” is a gas, and where extreme precision is required, is reviewed. Surface Failure of Bearings and Other Rolling Elements. G. J. Moyar and J. D. Morrow, Eng. E.@. Station Bull. No. 468, Univ. Illinois, College of Engineering, 1965. 83 pp. For abstract see Appl. Mech. Rev., 19 (4) (1966)
374.
Bearing Life and Failure Distribution as Affected by Actual-component, Differential Hardness. E. V. Zaretsky. R. J. Parker, W. J. Anderson Wear, 9 (1966) 3g8-409
AND CURRENT
and I). W. Reichard. (r&i) 19 PP. For abstract set A$$. (1966) 184.
XASA
ET’EXI 5
D-3ror,
TA‘
Mech.
Rev.,
10
(1)
The Choice of Lubricating Oils for IronGraphite, Porous Sleeve Bearings. V. D. Zozulya and A. M. Grigor’ev, Henry Brutcher Translation No. 6655, 7 pp. (From Poroshkovaya Met., Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, (8) (1965) 82-86.) Henry Brutcher, Altadena, Calif. Effect of Operating Conditions ance on the Efficiency of Nylon Yu. A. Vorob’ev et al., Russian (II) (1964) 54-56. (Translation
and ClearBearings. Eng.
,J., 44
of Vestnik Mashinostr., 44 (II) (1964) 50-53 by Production Engineering Research Association of Great Britain.) For abstract see Appl, Mech. Rev., 19 (2) (1966)
184.
Analytical Aspects of Gear Lubrication on the Disengaging Side. 1. W. McCain and E. Alsandor, ASLE Trans., ; (1966) 202--211.
Variations and inconsistencies in the ratings of rocket engine lubricating oils on the Ryder Gear Tester prompted an analytical investigation into the mechanism of lubrication. It is considered that gears are lubricated on the disengaging side primarily to rapidly dissipate frictional heat. Based on this consideration, it is contended that oil nozzle position and depth of oil impingement are important variables. It is analytically shown by using the Ryder gears bow these important variables could contribute to the load-carrying ability of oils and how these contributions could affect the Ryder ratings of oils. Lubrication Phenomena in Spur Gears: Capacity, Film-thickness Variation, and Efficiency. R. W. Adkins and E. I. Radzimovsky, Trans. ASME,
870
Ew.)
For abstract
(3)
(1965)
see A$$.
655-665. Mech.
(.J. Basic Rev.,
19
(4)
(1966) 374,
Influence of Tappet Rotation on Cam and Tauuet*surface Deterioration. C. -I?. Bona and F. G. Ghilardi, Proc. Inst. Mech. Encrs. AD 11/66.-
Aulomob.
Div.,
Preprint
No.
Experiments have been carried out using a laboratory test machine, with a positive tappet-rotation device, to evaluate the influence of such rotation on cam- and tappetsurface deterioration. Rotating tappets, 300 rev./min, showed a scuffing resistance 80-100 o/Ohigher than that of stationary tappets. The rotation, however, decreased the pitting
406 predicted on the basis of the linear spring, under impact. Motion of a Ball in Angular-contact Ball Bearing. Fujio Hirano, ASLE Trans., 8 (1965) 425-434. The author carried out an experimental investigation on the motion of- a ball in an angular-contact ball bearing under thrust load by measuring change in magnetic flux induced by a magnetized ball. The observed data of the angular velocity of the ball and that of the cage were adequate for analyzing the kinematical condition in the bearing. It is noted that the ratios of the angular velocities of the rolling elements are closely related to the parameter zFc/P., where z, F, and P, denote the number of balls in the bearing, the centrifugal force acting on a ball and the magnitude of thrust load, respectively. In the range zF,/P, > 0.1, the deviation of the observed data from the values theoretically predicted based upon a simple assumption neglecting the gyroscopic moment is remarkable. In order to explain the experimental results reasonably, it is necessary to consider the gyroscopic moment along with the effect of the centrifugal force. Torque Variations in Bearings. E. P. Kingsbury, ASLE
Instrument Trans..
8
Ball (1965)
435-44I.
Disturbances in the torques and motions in angular contact instrument ball bearing pairs are described and analyzed. Among others, a motion of the ball retainer, analogous to dryfriction whirl, is attributed to frictional coupling between balls and retainer, and an interaction between bearings, resulting in several low-frequency perturbations, is explained in terms of ball errors. Experimental confirmation is obtained. Modem Gas-bearings Turbomachinery. I. The State of the Art. B. Sternlicht and E. B. Arwas, Mech. Eng., 88 (1966) 244-29. The current status of gas lubrication, in which gas-lubricated bearings are used in places where the process “fluid” is a gas, and where extreme precision is required, is reviewed. Surface Failure of Bearings and Other Rolling Elements. G. J. Moyar and J. D. Morrow, Eng. E.@. Station Bull. No. 468, Univ. Illinois, College of Engineering, 1965. 83 pp. For abstract see Appl. Mech. Rev., 19 (4) (1966)
374.
Bearing Life and Failure Distribution as Affected by Actual-component, Differential Hardness. E. V. Zaretsky. R. J. Parker, W. J. Anderson Wear, 9 (1966) 3g8-409
AND CURRENT
and I). W. Reichard. (r&i) 19 PP. For abstract set A$$. (1966) 184.
XASA
ET’EXI 5
D-3ror,
TA‘
Mech.
Rev.,
10
(1)
The Choice of Lubricating Oils for IronGraphite, Porous Sleeve Bearings. V. D. Zozulya and A. M. Grigor’ev, Henry Brutcher Translation No. 6655, 7 pp. (From Poroshkovaya Met., Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, (8) (1965) 82-86.) Henry Brutcher, Altadena, Calif. Effect of Operating Conditions ance on the Efficiency of Nylon Yu. A. Vorob’ev et al., Russian (II) (1964) 54-56. (Translation
and ClearBearings. Eng.
,J., 44
of Vestnik Mashinostr., 44 (II) (1964) 50-53 by Production Engineering Research Association of Great Britain.) For abstract see Appl, Mech. Rev., 19 (2) (1966)
184.
Analytical Aspects of Gear Lubrication on the Disengaging Side. 1. W. McCain and E. Alsandor, ASLE Trans., ; (1966) 202--211.
Variations and inconsistencies in the ratings of rocket engine lubricating oils on the Ryder Gear Tester prompted an analytical investigation into the mechanism of lubrication. It is considered that gears are lubricated on the disengaging side primarily to rapidly dissipate frictional heat. Based on this consideration, it is contended that oil nozzle position and depth of oil impingement are important variables. It is analytically shown by using the Ryder gears bow these important variables could contribute to the load-carrying ability of oils and how these contributions could affect the Ryder ratings of oils. Lubrication Phenomena in Spur Gears: Capacity, Film-thickness Variation, and Efficiency. R. W. Adkins and E. I. Radzimovsky, Trans. ASME,
870
Ew.)
For abstract
(3)
(1965)
see A$$.
655-665. Mech.
(.J. Basic Rev.,
19
(4)
(1966) 374,
Influence of Tappet Rotation on Cam and Tauuet*surface Deterioration. C. -I?. Bona and F. G. Ghilardi, Proc. Inst. Mech. Encrs. AD 11/66.-
Aulomob.
Div.,
Preprint
No.
Experiments have been carried out using a laboratory test machine, with a positive tappet-rotation device, to evaluate the influence of such rotation on cam- and tappetsurface deterioration. Rotating tappets, 300 rev./min, showed a scuffing resistance 80-100 o/Ohigher than that of stationary tappets. The rotation, however, decreased the pitting