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Survey of Drug Usage in Dental Practice, 1969 II. Narcotics Registry; Courses Taken Relating to Drug Therapy; Professional Society Meetings Attended
REPORTS OF COUNCILS AND BUREAUS Survey of drug usage in dental practice, 1 9 6 9 II. Narcotics registry; courses taken relating to drug therapy; professional society meetings attended Bureau of Economic Research and Statistics A s reported earlier, m ore than 90% o f the respond ents to the survey adm inistered drug products at the dental o ffice and had written or telephoned prescriptions for their patients. L ikew ise, a high percentage, 8 3 .3 % , reported that they p ossessed the authorization to adm inister or prescribe nar cotics (T ab le 6). T he percent o f dentists with a narcotics registration w as high in all types o f prac tice excep t orthodontics. N in ety-n in e percent o f the oral surgeons responding to the survey had such au thorization; 86 % o f the general practitioners; 84% o f the pedodontists; and 94% o f the periodontists, prosthodontists, and endodontists (which were grouped together in tabulation o f the survey reTable 6 ■ Percent of dentists authorized to administer or prescribe narcotics, by type of practice. T y p e o f p ra c tic e
%
G e n e ra l p r a c titio n e r s A l l s p e c ia lis ts O ra l su rg e o n s O r t h o d o n t is t s P e d o d o n tis ts O th e r s p e c ia lis ts
8 5 .7 6 8 .4 9 8 .7 3 7 .0 8 4 .1 9 3 .8
A l l ty p e s o f p ra c tic e
8 3 .3
Table 7 ■ Percent o f dentists authorized to administer or prescribe narcotics, by age. Age
%
—2 9 3 0 —3 4 3 5 —3 9 4 0 —4 4 4 5 —4 9 5 0 —5 4 5 5 —5 9 6 0 —6 4 6 5 —6 9 70—74 75-
9 0 .3 9 0 .2 8 9 .5 9 0 .6 8 7 .0 8 0 .0 7 4 .5 6 2 .2 5 4 .4 4 6 .8 4 6 .7
A l l ages
8 3 .3
1402
suits). D entists with a “narcotics licen se” were m ore often than not younger than 5 0 years o f age (T able 7 ). A fter age 50 there w as a steady decline in the percent o f respondents with narcotics authorization. R egionally, the percent o f respond ents holding a registry num ber varied from 76% in the Central R egion to 94% in the Southeast (T a ble 8). R espondents were asked to review a check list and indicate if they had received instruction in any o f six subjects related to drug therapy. They w ere also asked to report the academ ic level at w hich courses w ere taken. A pp roxim ately two thirds o f the respondents said they had taken courses in dental therapeutics, and a sim ilar p ro portion in pharm acology, oral surgery, and oral m edicine. A pproxim ately h a lf had taken courses in anesthesiology, and a third had taken courses in internal m edicine. T here w as n o particular pattern evident in re p lies to the question on courses taken that related to drug therapy. Betw een 44% and 59% o f the den tists w ho had taken courses listed on the question naire had received instruction at the undergradu ate level only (Table 9). M any o f those continuing their education had enrolled in courses involving drug products at m ore than on e lev el. T his was particularly true for specialists except orthodon tists. F or exam ple, am ong oral surgeons w ho stud ied pharm acology, 43 % had taken graduate or post-
Table 8 ■ Percent o f dentists authorized to administer or prescribe narcotics, by region. R e g io n
%
N e w E n g la n d M id d le E a s t S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t C e n tra l N o r th w e s t F a r W e st
8 4 .7 8 1 .1 9 4 .1 8 9 .6 7 6 .0 8 6 .8 8 5 .1
U n ite d S ta te s
8 3 .3
^
Table 9 ■ Percentage d istrib u tio n o f respondents who have taken courses relating to drug usage, by course title , academic level, and type o f practice. C o u rse a n d a c a d e m ic leve l
G e n e ra l AH O ra l p r a c t i tio n e rs s p e c ia lis ts surge o n s
D e n ta l T h e ra p e u tic s U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o s tg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l P h a rm a c o lo g y U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l O ra l M e d ic in e U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o s tg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l O ra l S u rg e ry U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l A n e s th e s io lo g y U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l In te rn a l M e d ic in e U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l
G e n e ra l p r a c titio n e r s A l l sp e cia lists O ra l surge o n s O r th o d o n tis ts P e d o d o n tis ts O th e r sp e cia lists A ll ty p e s o f p ra c tic e
A ll P edoO th e r ty p e s o f d o n tis ts s p e c ia lis ts p ra c tic e
5 2 .5 1 7.8 14.1 2 .4 9 .2 2 .4 1.6
4 6 .1 1 0 .7 1 0 .5 1 1 .8 1 0 .0 4 .5 6 .4
2 8 .0 9 .7 17 .2 1 4 .0 7.5 1 1.8 1 1.8
6 3 .0 1 4 .4 2 .9 1 1 .0 5 .2 1.2 2 .3
3 9 .3 6 .6 14 .8 8 .2 2 1 .3 4 .9 4 .9
3 0 .9 5 .5 1 8 .2 1 4.5 1 6 .4 1.8 1 2 .7
5 1 .6 1 6.8 1 3 .6 3 .7 9 .3 2 .7 2 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
6 0 .6 1 9 .3 8 .8 3 .0 6 .0 1 .8 0 .5
5 1 .0 1 4 .0 7.1 1 1 .2 7.6 3 .0 6 .1
2 7 .0 1 6 .0 1 4 .0 1 5 .0 6 .0 9 .0 1 3 .0
6 7 .2 1 7 .2 1.1 9 .5 2 .8 1.1 1.1
5 0 .8 4 .9 9 .8 1 1 .5 1 8 .0 1.7 3 .3
4 1 .5 9 .5 1 1 .3 9 .4 1 5 .1 0 .0 1 3 .2
5 9 .2 1 8 .5 8 .6 4 .2 6 .2 1 .9 1 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
5 2 .0 1 8 .0 1 4 .9 2 .2 8 .8 3 .0 1.1
4 1 .1 1 0 .7 1 5 .7 1 1.5 8 .9 6 .3 5 .8
1 6 .5 9 .2 3 2 .1 1 4 .7 6 .4 1 1 .9 9 .2
6 0 .7 1 7 .2 1.2 1 0 .4 6 .8 3 .1 0 .6
5 0 .9 1.8 7 .3 1 0 .9 1 6 .4 9 .1 3 .6
2 1 .8 3 .6 3 4 .6 9 .1 1 2 .7 1 .8 1 6 .4
5 0 .4 1 6 .9 1 5.1 3 .5 8 .8 3 .5 1 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
4 4 .4 1 5 .9 1 9 .3 2 .9 1 1 .0 4 .8 1 .7
4 1 .4 1 1 .9 1 1.5 6 .7 6 .7 1 2 .0 9 .8
1.4 1 2 .8 2 5 .7 8 .1 3 .4 2 4 .3 2 4 .3
6 6 .1 1 6 .7 1.8 4 .7 4 .7 4 .2 1.8
6 1 .8 1.8 3 .7 1 0 .9 1 0 .9 9 .1 1 .8
5 5 .3 4 .3 1 0 .6 4 .3 1 9.1 4 .3 2 .1
4 4 .0 1 5 .4 1 8 .2 3 .4 1 0 .4 5 .8 2 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
4 7 .3 1 7 .2 1 9 .0 2 .5 8 .5 4 .2 1 .3
3 2 .7 1 4 .8 2 1 .3 6 .2 6 .8 9 .1 9 .1
0.8 1 6.1 3 3 .1 8.5 2 .3 1 8 .4 2 0 .8
6 0 .8 1 9 .2 4 .8 3 .2 5 .6 4 .8 1.6
3 7 .0 7 .4 2 2 .2 1 1 .1 1 6 .7 1.9 3 .7
4 1 .9 7 .0 3 2 .6 2 .3 1 1 .6 2 .3 2 .3
4 5 .0 1 6 .8 1 9 .3 3 .1 8 .3 5 .0 2 .5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
6 0 .7 2 2 .3 8 .3 1.8 4 .8 1.5 0 .6
3 9 .6 1 7 .9 1 4 .3 1 3 .9 3 .7 5 .7 4 .9
9 .1 1 8 .2 2 9 .5 1 9 .3 2.3 1 2 .5 9 .1
5 9 .1 2 0 .4 2 .3 1 1 .4 3 .4 3 .4 0 .0
6 2 .8 1 4.3 5 .7 8 .6 5 .7 0 .0 2 .9
4 4 .1 1 4 .7 1 4 .7 1 1 .8 5 .9 0 .0 8 .8
5 7 .2 2 1 .6 9 .3 3 .8 4 .6 2 .2 1 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
Table 10 ■ Average number o f professional society meetings attended by responding dentists in a 12-month period, and average number of days in attendance, by type of practice. T y p e o f p ra c tic e
O rth o d o n tis ts
Table 11 ■ Average number o f professional society meetings attended by responding dentists in a 12-month period, and average number of days in attendance, by region.
N o . o f m e e tin g s
D a ys a tte n d e d
R e g io n
N o . o f m e e tin g s
D a y s a tte n d e d
8 .5 1 1 .4 1 2 .6 1 0 .1 1 2 .5 1 2 .4
8 .6 1 2 .4 1 1.8 1 2.5 1 1.5 1 4.3
N e w E n g la n d M id d le E a st S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t C e n tra l N o r th w e s t F a r W est
8 .6 9 .5 8 .8 8.6 8 .9 9 .2 8 .5
8 .8 9 .1 9 .6 1 0.1 9 .2 9 .8 8 .2
8 .9
9 .1
U n ite d S ta te s
8 .9
9 .1
1403
Table 12 ■ Average number o f professional society meetings attended by responding dentists in a 12-month period, and average number o f days in attendance, by age. Age
N o . o f m e e tin g s
D a ys a tte n d e d
—2 9 3 0 —3 4 3 5 —3 9 4 0 —4 4 4 5 —4 9 5 0 —5 4 5 5 —5 9 6 0 —6 4 6 5 —6 9 7 0 — 74 75-
7 .8 1 0 .1 9 .7 9 .2 8 .5 8 .5 8 .4 8 .9 6 .4 7 .2 6 .6
8 .4 1 0 .0 9 .4 9 .4 8 .9 9 .0 8 .7 9.5 6 .9 7 .0 7.3
A ll ages
8 .9
9.1
graduate courses in addition to undergraduate study. It w as interesting to note the contribution o f postgraduate education: Tw enty-eight percent o f
respondents w ho had taken courses in dental therapeutics had enrolled in postgraduate courses; 35% who had taken anesthesiology courses had enrolled in postgraduate courses; and 37 % o f respondents w ho had taken courses in oral surgery received postgraduate training. T h e role o f postgraduate education in dentistry m ay also be seen from this statistic: nearly 20 % o f the respond ents w ho had taken oral surgery courses and courses in anesthesiology took these at the p o st graduate level only. T ab les 10, 11, and 12 sum m arize the data on num ber o f professional society m eetings attended and num ber o f days in attendance at these m eet ings. D uring a 12-m onth period respondents to the survey attended an average o f n ine professional society m eetings, averaging about on e day per m eeting. Both the num ber o f m eetings attended and days in attendance w ere higher for specialists than for general practitioners.
Foley's Footnotes Joseph Cummings Chase was a prolific and versatile artist, who used pen and ink, pencil, and charcoal, as well as the brush, to portray a large number o f famous subjects. Chase’s observations on the oral anatomy o f President Wilson, a difficult sitter, are given in The Romance of an Art Career f1927): The chin of Wilson is a very peculiar one due to the construction of the teeth and of the jaw, which allow of a great variety of expression. Sometimes Wilson closed his mouth in what might be called an undershot fashion, making the length from the nose to tip of the chin unusually long, and some times he closed his mouth with the under teeth back of the uppers, thus shortening the effect. This individual characteristic, however, would indicate nothing in particular except a changing mood. Gardner P. H. Foley
1404 ■ JADA, Vol. 81, December 1970
%
G e n e ra l p r a c titio n e r s A l l s p e c ia lis ts O ra l su rg e o n s O r t h o d o n t is t s P e d o d o n tis ts O th e r s p e c ia lis ts
8 5 .7 6 8 .4 9 8 .7 3 7 .0 8 4 .1 9 3 .8
A l l ty p e s o f p ra c tic e
8 3 .3
Table 7 ■ Percent o f dentists authorized to administer or prescribe narcotics, by age. Age
%
—2 9 3 0 —3 4 3 5 —3 9 4 0 —4 4 4 5 —4 9 5 0 —5 4 5 5 —5 9 6 0 —6 4 6 5 —6 9 70—74 75-
9 0 .3 9 0 .2 8 9 .5 9 0 .6 8 7 .0 8 0 .0 7 4 .5 6 2 .2 5 4 .4 4 6 .8 4 6 .7
A l l ages
8 3 .3
1402
suits). D entists with a “narcotics licen se” were m ore often than not younger than 5 0 years o f age (T able 7 ). A fter age 50 there w as a steady decline in the percent o f respondents with narcotics authorization. R egionally, the percent o f respond ents holding a registry num ber varied from 76% in the Central R egion to 94% in the Southeast (T a ble 8). R espondents were asked to review a check list and indicate if they had received instruction in any o f six subjects related to drug therapy. They w ere also asked to report the academ ic level at w hich courses w ere taken. A pp roxim ately two thirds o f the respondents said they had taken courses in dental therapeutics, and a sim ilar p ro portion in pharm acology, oral surgery, and oral m edicine. A pproxim ately h a lf had taken courses in anesthesiology, and a third had taken courses in internal m edicine. T here w as n o particular pattern evident in re p lies to the question on courses taken that related to drug therapy. Betw een 44% and 59% o f the den tists w ho had taken courses listed on the question naire had received instruction at the undergradu ate level only (Table 9). M any o f those continuing their education had enrolled in courses involving drug products at m ore than on e lev el. T his was particularly true for specialists except orthodon tists. F or exam ple, am ong oral surgeons w ho stud ied pharm acology, 43 % had taken graduate or post-
Table 8 ■ Percent o f dentists authorized to administer or prescribe narcotics, by region. R e g io n
%
N e w E n g la n d M id d le E a s t S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t C e n tra l N o r th w e s t F a r W e st
8 4 .7 8 1 .1 9 4 .1 8 9 .6 7 6 .0 8 6 .8 8 5 .1
U n ite d S ta te s
8 3 .3
^
Table 9 ■ Percentage d istrib u tio n o f respondents who have taken courses relating to drug usage, by course title , academic level, and type o f practice. C o u rse a n d a c a d e m ic leve l
G e n e ra l AH O ra l p r a c t i tio n e rs s p e c ia lis ts surge o n s
D e n ta l T h e ra p e u tic s U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o s tg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l P h a rm a c o lo g y U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l O ra l M e d ic in e U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o s tg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l O ra l S u rg e ry U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l A n e s th e s io lo g y U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l In te rn a l M e d ic in e U n d e rg ra d , o n ly G ra d , o n ly P o stg ra d , o n ly U n d e rg ra d . & g ra d . U n d e rg ra d . & p o s tg ra d . G ra d . & p o s tg ra d . U n d e rg ra d ., g ra d ., & p o s tg ra d . T o ta l
G e n e ra l p r a c titio n e r s A l l sp e cia lists O ra l surge o n s O r th o d o n tis ts P e d o d o n tis ts O th e r sp e cia lists A ll ty p e s o f p ra c tic e
A ll P edoO th e r ty p e s o f d o n tis ts s p e c ia lis ts p ra c tic e
5 2 .5 1 7.8 14.1 2 .4 9 .2 2 .4 1.6
4 6 .1 1 0 .7 1 0 .5 1 1 .8 1 0 .0 4 .5 6 .4
2 8 .0 9 .7 17 .2 1 4 .0 7.5 1 1.8 1 1.8
6 3 .0 1 4 .4 2 .9 1 1 .0 5 .2 1.2 2 .3
3 9 .3 6 .6 14 .8 8 .2 2 1 .3 4 .9 4 .9
3 0 .9 5 .5 1 8 .2 1 4.5 1 6 .4 1.8 1 2 .7
5 1 .6 1 6.8 1 3 .6 3 .7 9 .3 2 .7 2 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
6 0 .6 1 9 .3 8 .8 3 .0 6 .0 1 .8 0 .5
5 1 .0 1 4 .0 7.1 1 1 .2 7.6 3 .0 6 .1
2 7 .0 1 6 .0 1 4 .0 1 5 .0 6 .0 9 .0 1 3 .0
6 7 .2 1 7 .2 1.1 9 .5 2 .8 1.1 1.1
5 0 .8 4 .9 9 .8 1 1 .5 1 8 .0 1.7 3 .3
4 1 .5 9 .5 1 1 .3 9 .4 1 5 .1 0 .0 1 3 .2
5 9 .2 1 8 .5 8 .6 4 .2 6 .2 1 .9 1 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
5 2 .0 1 8 .0 1 4 .9 2 .2 8 .8 3 .0 1.1
4 1 .1 1 0 .7 1 5 .7 1 1.5 8 .9 6 .3 5 .8
1 6 .5 9 .2 3 2 .1 1 4 .7 6 .4 1 1 .9 9 .2
6 0 .7 1 7 .2 1.2 1 0 .4 6 .8 3 .1 0 .6
5 0 .9 1.8 7 .3 1 0 .9 1 6 .4 9 .1 3 .6
2 1 .8 3 .6 3 4 .6 9 .1 1 2 .7 1 .8 1 6 .4
5 0 .4 1 6 .9 1 5.1 3 .5 8 .8 3 .5 1 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
4 4 .4 1 5 .9 1 9 .3 2 .9 1 1 .0 4 .8 1 .7
4 1 .4 1 1 .9 1 1.5 6 .7 6 .7 1 2 .0 9 .8
1.4 1 2 .8 2 5 .7 8 .1 3 .4 2 4 .3 2 4 .3
6 6 .1 1 6 .7 1.8 4 .7 4 .7 4 .2 1.8
6 1 .8 1.8 3 .7 1 0 .9 1 0 .9 9 .1 1 .8
5 5 .3 4 .3 1 0 .6 4 .3 1 9.1 4 .3 2 .1
4 4 .0 1 5 .4 1 8 .2 3 .4 1 0 .4 5 .8 2 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
4 7 .3 1 7 .2 1 9 .0 2 .5 8 .5 4 .2 1 .3
3 2 .7 1 4 .8 2 1 .3 6 .2 6 .8 9 .1 9 .1
0.8 1 6.1 3 3 .1 8.5 2 .3 1 8 .4 2 0 .8
6 0 .8 1 9 .2 4 .8 3 .2 5 .6 4 .8 1.6
3 7 .0 7 .4 2 2 .2 1 1 .1 1 6 .7 1.9 3 .7
4 1 .9 7 .0 3 2 .6 2 .3 1 1 .6 2 .3 2 .3
4 5 .0 1 6 .8 1 9 .3 3 .1 8 .3 5 .0 2 .5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
6 0 .7 2 2 .3 8 .3 1.8 4 .8 1.5 0 .6
3 9 .6 1 7 .9 1 4 .3 1 3 .9 3 .7 5 .7 4 .9
9 .1 1 8 .2 2 9 .5 1 9 .3 2.3 1 2 .5 9 .1
5 9 .1 2 0 .4 2 .3 1 1 .4 3 .4 3 .4 0 .0
6 2 .8 1 4.3 5 .7 8 .6 5 .7 0 .0 2 .9
4 4 .1 1 4 .7 1 4 .7 1 1 .8 5 .9 0 .0 8 .8
5 7 .2 2 1 .6 9 .3 3 .8 4 .6 2 .2 1 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
Table 10 ■ Average number o f professional society meetings attended by responding dentists in a 12-month period, and average number of days in attendance, by type of practice. T y p e o f p ra c tic e
O rth o d o n tis ts
Table 11 ■ Average number o f professional society meetings attended by responding dentists in a 12-month period, and average number of days in attendance, by region.
N o . o f m e e tin g s
D a ys a tte n d e d
R e g io n
N o . o f m e e tin g s
D a y s a tte n d e d
8 .5 1 1 .4 1 2 .6 1 0 .1 1 2 .5 1 2 .4
8 .6 1 2 .4 1 1.8 1 2.5 1 1.5 1 4.3
N e w E n g la n d M id d le E a st S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t C e n tra l N o r th w e s t F a r W est
8 .6 9 .5 8 .8 8.6 8 .9 9 .2 8 .5
8 .8 9 .1 9 .6 1 0.1 9 .2 9 .8 8 .2
8 .9
9 .1
U n ite d S ta te s
8 .9
9 .1
1403
Table 12 ■ Average number o f professional society meetings attended by responding dentists in a 12-month period, and average number o f days in attendance, by age. Age
N o . o f m e e tin g s
D a ys a tte n d e d
—2 9 3 0 —3 4 3 5 —3 9 4 0 —4 4 4 5 —4 9 5 0 —5 4 5 5 —5 9 6 0 —6 4 6 5 —6 9 7 0 — 74 75-
7 .8 1 0 .1 9 .7 9 .2 8 .5 8 .5 8 .4 8 .9 6 .4 7 .2 6 .6
8 .4 1 0 .0 9 .4 9 .4 8 .9 9 .0 8 .7 9.5 6 .9 7 .0 7.3
A ll ages
8 .9
9.1
graduate courses in addition to undergraduate study. It w as interesting to note the contribution o f postgraduate education: Tw enty-eight percent o f
respondents w ho had taken courses in dental therapeutics had enrolled in postgraduate courses; 35% who had taken anesthesiology courses had enrolled in postgraduate courses; and 37 % o f respondents w ho had taken courses in oral surgery received postgraduate training. T h e role o f postgraduate education in dentistry m ay also be seen from this statistic: nearly 20 % o f the respond ents w ho had taken oral surgery courses and courses in anesthesiology took these at the p o st graduate level only. T ab les 10, 11, and 12 sum m arize the data on num ber o f professional society m eetings attended and num ber o f days in attendance at these m eet ings. D uring a 12-m onth period respondents to the survey attended an average o f n ine professional society m eetings, averaging about on e day per m eeting. Both the num ber o f m eetings attended and days in attendance w ere higher for specialists than for general practitioners.
Foley's Footnotes Joseph Cummings Chase was a prolific and versatile artist, who used pen and ink, pencil, and charcoal, as well as the brush, to portray a large number o f famous subjects. Chase’s observations on the oral anatomy o f President Wilson, a difficult sitter, are given in The Romance of an Art Career f1927): The chin of Wilson is a very peculiar one due to the construction of the teeth and of the jaw, which allow of a great variety of expression. Sometimes Wilson closed his mouth in what might be called an undershot fashion, making the length from the nose to tip of the chin unusually long, and some times he closed his mouth with the under teeth back of the uppers, thus shortening the effect. This individual characteristic, however, would indicate nothing in particular except a changing mood. Gardner P. H. Foley
1404 ■ JADA, Vol. 81, December 1970