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Survey of patents
SURVEY OF PATENTS This survey covers patents from France, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. They are classified by testing method: ultrasonic, acoustic, radiographic, nucleonic, electrical and magnetic, optical, thermal and infra-red. and miscellaneous. Each entry is numbered, so that it can be referred to in future surveys.
Acoustic Method and test machine (for sonically testing wire) IBM French Patent 1,349, 849 (1968) (Applied for 19 December 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 115) Method and apparatus for sonically testtng wooden poles used in electrical distribution Heath Incorporated French Patent 1,549, 961 (1968) (Applied for 4 January 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 116)
Ultrasonic Ultrasonic wave pulse metnod for test of material Kawle, K. R. W. Japanese Patent JPC 27280/68 (22 November 1968) (Applied for 12 September 1964) A pulse, produced by a pulsed field of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic type, is received by antennas electrostatically or inductively. The pulse signal is amplified and an automatic supervisory device, for example a monitor, is operated for the duration of the pulse by the amplified signal received from the antennas. (NDT patent survey, entry 111) Transducer for ultrasonic testing of pipe Kortenhoven, P. US Patent 3,413,843 (3 December 1968) (Filed 6 October 1965) This apparatus for testing elongated objects includes an ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal mounted on a carriage and a means for supporting the carriage on the specimen to be tested. The crystal is normally surrounded by a rubber boat filled with a liquid to reduce the impedance mismatch between crystal and specimen. Various means are provided for adjusting the position of the crystal with respect to the surface of the article to be inspected. (NDT patent survey, entry 112) Device for measuring ultrasonically defects in the walls of very fine tubes Commissairiat a 1’Energie Atomique French Patent 1,548,670 (6 December 1968) (Applied for 27 October 1967) This method allows one to measure faults in both internal and external walls of the tube by means of a single emitting receiving transducer, with a generator and variable amplifier. The tube is immersed and rotated and the incident ultrasound viewed on an oscilloscope screen. A defect in an internal wall causes a succession of attenuated echoes; a series of level-selecting gates allow one to measure this by turning down the gain for the initial echo from an external fault but conserving the gain for an internal fault (diagram given). (NDT patent survey, entry 113) Device for locating discontinuities by ultrasonic echo especially to find the liquid/solid interface during the continuous flow Concast,A.G. French Patent 1,548,870 (6 December 1968) (Applied for 12 December 1967) Transducers serving as emitter and receiver are isolated electrically and acoustically, and arranged at an angle to the plane in which they are coupled to the sample by a liquid (diagram given). (NDT patent survey, entry 114)
126
non-destructive
testing
May 1969
Acoustic leak detecting apparatus (pertains to apparatus for passing through a pressurized pipeline and acoustically detecting leaks) Wood, F. M. US Patent 3,413,653 (26 November 1968) (Filed 25 July 1967) This apparatus can be passed through a pressurized pipeline, to detect acoustically any leaks. One transducer is on the upstream side of the pipeline, and one on the downstream side; they are connected to circuitry which includes suitable filters for filtering out environmental low frequencies, a differential amplifier for cancelling the background noise not filtered out from the detected leak noise, and a multi-channel recording system. This system can record the output of the differential amplifier and one or both of the separate channel signals. In addition, a magnetic responsive device may be included for detecting and recording magnetic field responses. (NDT patent survey, entry 117) Flow boundary layer gauge (for flow of air over an aircraft wing, using an acoustic Probe) Bolkow GmbH German Patent 1,285,714 (19 December 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 118) Apparatus for measuring the mass per unit area of sheet material Nils Bertil Agdur, Weissglas, P. British Patent 1, 139, 142 (1969) (Applied for 1966) (Applied for in Sweden 1965) Thm is an acoustic method for measuring the mass per unit area of sheet material, e.g.paper. Pulses of sound of frequency 15kHz impinge on the surface of the material under test, at right-angles to the plane of the material; the amplitude of vibration of the material is detected by various means. If a relation can be established between the mass unit area of the material under test and the receiver amplitude, then it is possible to sample this parameter continuously. (NDT patent survey, entry 119)
Radiographic Neutron radiograph device Toshiba Denki Japanese Patent JPC 25759/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 30 April 1965) This device consists of a collimator of neutron-shielding material with an elongated penetrating hole. A neutron scatterer is inserted in the hole and is freely movable along it. A neutron source is placed at one end of the hole and the object to be photographed at the other, with the film just behind it. To obtain the optimum exposure conditions, the resolving power and thermal
neutron intensity are adjusted by varytng the position of the scatterer in relation to the object. (NDT patent survey, entry 120) X-ray camera (having continuously driven film which is stopped intermittently in the gate) NV Phibps Gloeilamperfabriken German Patent 1,285.860 (19 December 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 121) Improvements in or relating to radiographic examination using neutrons United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority British Patent 1,138, 537 (1969) (Applied for 1965) This is a method for producing an image after an object has been irradiated with neutrons. The production of the visrble image is similar to xerography or xeroradiography. The neutron source is collimated; the neutrons pass through the object and fall on the imaging system. This comprises two aluminium plates, one coated with lithium and the other with selenium. The neutrons cause charged particles to be discharged from the charged lithmm onto the selenium, and the resulting charge distribution depends on rhe distribution of the neutron beam. The charge distribution is then made visible, and there are various possible imaging techniques. (NDT patent survey, entry 1221 Method of obtaining radioactive ray (neutron beam) transmitted photographic image of sample (using a neutron-sensitive lumtnescent substance) USAEC (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 520 69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 6 0c:ober 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 123)
Nucleonic X-ray apparatus for measuring internal strains in an elastomeric body having spaced particles embedded therein Williams, R. D., Anderson. E. L., Rastrelli, L. U. (assigned to.the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy) US Patent 3,412,243 (19 November 1968) (Filed 25 January 1965) A high voltage generator is used to bombard a target with electrons in order to produce x-ray emission from the target. The specimen is irradiated with the x-rays. There is a variation of x-ray absorption due to the internal strains and this variation is detected using a scintillation detector. The variations are recorded on an x-y plotter. (NDT patent survey, entry 124) Backscatter thickness measuringgauge utilizing different energy levels of Brems-
strahlung and two ionization chambers Hsnken, A. F. G. (Industrial Nucleonics Corporation, Ohio) US Patent 3,412,249 (19 November 1968) (Filed 4 August 1964) (NDT patent survey, entry 125) Method sod device, its production and utilization for scintilIation counting Sean, E. A., Sutula, C. L. and Tolbert, 8. M. French Patent 1,553,331 (10 January 1969) (Applied for 31 January 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 126)
bfettmdof measuringsnrface ddty and thickness of plate materisl and thin film &m;am$ng the intensity of back-scattered Rizsuki Filial Institute Japanese Patent JPC 2435/69 (1 February 1969) (Applied for 1 November 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 12’7)
Electrical
Method of making flaw-detecting vetic particles Honjo, K. Japanese Patent JPC 25758/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 18 June 1965)
Iron powder and a binder, pigment or dyestuff are added to a flux and well mixed. A sprayer jets the mixture while contacting it with a separating agent. (NDT patent survey, entry 135)
This apparatus minimizes the amount of magnetic particle solution used and reduces start-up time by using a jet-action agitator to place the particles in suspension, thus dispensing with the need to dislodge particles manually from various structural parts of the apparatus. (NDT patent survey, entry126) FIaw detect@ &vice (magnetic flux change) Japax Japanese Patent JPC 23160/68 (4 October 1968) (Applied for 24 January 1961) A varying magnetic flux is generated by a magnet which is rotated in a cavity in a magnetic yoke. This is applied to the testpiece which completes the magnetic path between the ends of the yoke. Thus any flaw in the tested path may be detected by the change in flux passing through the circuit. (NDT patent survey, entry 129) ImdaUng materials parameter devtce (electrical and/or magnetic parameter measurement using microwave resonance) Eltro Gesellschaft fiir Strahlungs Technik German Patent 1,281,563 (1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 130) Reflection factor measurement (of an object in the mtcmwave range) Slemens AG German Patent 1,281,564 (31 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 131) Continuousinsulation tester (for cables in motion) Trefimet Aux German Patent 1,281,575 (31 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 132)
Position detecting device (magnetic fl*
Sony Japanese Patent JPC 257’50/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 19 August 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 133) Device for detecting
lealdng magnetic flux (flaws in magnetizable tutmlar body) American Machine and Foundry Co Japanese Patent JPC 25757/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 11 November 1964)
A unilateral magnetic field is generated on the wall of the magnetizable tubular body. The leaking magnetic flux is detected by a magnetic reaction device, next to the surface, which emits flaw signals according to the variation ln flux. A logical circuit indicates the relative movement and position of the flaw in response to the output of the detector. The logical circuit consists of two circuits which indicate outer and inner flaws greater than a predetermined level. (NDT patent survey, entry 134)
for the non-destnxtive testing of ferromagnetic materials Setaram Societe D’Etudes D’Automation, De Regulation et D’Appareils De Mesure British Patent I, 139, 704 (1969) (Applied for 1966) (Applied for in France in 1965)
This is a method for flaw detection which includes vibrating the specimen at a resonant frequency. A magnetic field is established in the vicinity of the specimen. Pickup coils are used to scan the specimen, and the information from these coils is used to locate flaws in the specimen. (NDT patent survey, entry 136)
This is a method for the detection of the depth of generally parallel cracks. The specimen under test is magnetized and sprinkled with magnetic powder which will tend to collect at surface faults, where the magnetic lines of force emerge from the surface. This powder, concentrated at the cracks, fluoresces when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Thus the position of the cracks can be detected. A photomultiplier is scanned at right angles to the specimen, which is itself transported in the general direction of the cracks. The photomultiplier output is fed through a bandpass amplifier which filters out signals below a certain level. The output can be used to control a fault marker or grinding apparatus or fed into an oscillograph. The strength of the output signal is substantially proportional to depth. (NDT patent survey, entry 141)
Oil-water contact location with frequencymod&ted electromagnetic energy Unterberger, R. R., Walstrom, J.E.,Metz, C. T. (Chevron Research Company, San Francisco) US Patent 3,412,321 (19 November 1968) (Filed 14 November 1966)
Method of non-destructively controlling, by Foucault currents, electrically condu&ng tubes and corresponding apparatus Commissarlat a I’Energie Atomique French Patent 1,470,386 (24 January 1969) (Applied for 25 May 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 142)
and magnetic
Support appadus for detecting flaws in ferrous objects by magnetic particle inspection Parker, P. J. US Patent 3,402,349 (17 September 1968) (Filed 30 April 1965)
Method and apparatus
Resonant frequency vibration testing method 4 apparatus Lloyd, D. (William H. Hopkins, Harlingen, Texas) US Patent 3,411,344 (19 November 1968) (Filed 2 November 1964)
The oil-water contact line is located, relative to the bore hole, by the use of an electromagnetic generator giving a variable output frequency from lo6 to 101’Hz. The generator is lowered into the bore hole and irradiates the formation with modulated energy. Signals reflected from the oilwater contact are detected. A comparison of the instantaneous frequency of the transmitted and received signals gives a measure of the frequency difference. This difference is a function of the distance of the oil-water contact from the electromagnetic generator in the bore. (NDT patent survey, entry 137)
Discontfnuity location by frequency-modulated electromagnetic energy Unterberger, R. R. (Chevron Research Company, San Francisco) US Patent 3,412,322 (19 November 1968) (Filed 14 November 1966) (NDT patent survey, entry 138)
Subsurface electromagnetic-irradiation ranging method for locatfng fractures within rock fornlations Unterberger, R. R., Jones, C. D. (Chevron Research Company, San Francisco) US Patent 3,412,323 (19 November 1968) (Filed 14 November 1966) This method locates fractures in limestone that have been permeated by liquid materials of different dielectric constants. An electromagnetic wave generator is positioned in the well bore; its output frequency is variable from 10s to 1OllHz and modulated through a band width of signals at a repetition rate determined by the location of the fracture. Instantaneous comparison of transmitted and received signals gives a frequency difference which is converted to lateral distance of the fracture from the bore hole. (NDT patent survey, entry 139)
Resistance measurement (ii centlmetre wave systems) Wandel U. Goltermann German Patent 1,282,179 (7 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 140)
Optical Photo-potentiometer device (for use ln measuring apparatus) Bendix Corporation German Patent 1,280, 434 (17 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 143) Width thlclmess or length gauge (using photoelectric sensors) Pfister, M. C. German Patent 1,281,153 (21 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 144) Photoelectric length gauge control Jenoptik Jena GmbH German Patent 1,281,157 (24 October (NDT patent survey, entry 145) Multi-purpose
Optical
968)
gauge
Ernst Leitz GmbH German Patent 1,281,158 (24 October (NDT patent survey, entry 146)
968)
Surface condition inspective device of rough machined surface (light interference method) Suglura Kenkyusho Japanese Patent JPC 29915/68 (21 December 1968) (Applied for 30 April 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 147) Sheet defect detecting device (photoelectric)
Tateishi Denki Japanese Patent JPC 29920/68 (21 December 1968) (Applied for 7 October 1964)
A photoelectric detector, which responds to the permeating or reflecting light projected on a sheet to be transferred to the lengthwise direction, is aligned in the width direction of the sheet. A light-shielding plate is employed to change the area of the effective light receiving surface of the detector according to the size of the defect to be detected. (NDT patent survey, entry 148)
non-destructive
testing
May 1969
127
Optical scanner Optische Industrie de Oude Delft German Patent 1,283,557 (21 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 149) Tubular tdy measuring device (photo&ctrtc device for measnrfng the internal and external diameters of tubes) Nippon Kokan Japanese Patent JPC 511/69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 29 July 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 150) Knitted cloth defect detecting device @hotoelectric) Aparatian Electronic Inst (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 515/69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 11 December 1964) (NDT patent survey, entry 151) Method of measuring diameter of wire and the like (using two scanned light beams) Sumitomo De&i Japanese Patent JPC 2434’69 (1 February 1969) (Applied for 13 June 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 152) Method of testing angularity between both surfaces of transparent sheet material (by light transmission) Institute National du Vool (Luxembourg) Japanese Patent JPC 2436/69 (1 February 1969) (NDT patent survey, entry 153) fnterferometric examination of objects and materials National Research Development Corporation British Patent 1,142, 702 (1969) (Applied for 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 154) The testing of cables (using visible or infrared light) Siemens-Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft British Patent 1,143, 243 (1969) (Applied for 1966) (Applied for in Germany tn 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 156) Method for finding and showing up faults in
This leak testing apparatus consists of an elongated tube with expandable seals at each end. The tube can be moved to any point in the pipe, where the seals are expanded to seal the interior of the tube so that it can be filled with fluid. Pressure sensitive devices within the tube indicate any leaks. (NDT patent survey, entry 160)
Leak detection system Woodruff, G. N. (TRW fnc, California) USA Patent 3,402, 596 (24 September 1968) (Filed 31 January 1967) Parallel conduits are provided which extend along the pipeline. They are arranged in the form of a closed loop, and maintained at a pressure below ambient by a vacuum pump connected at one end of the loop. Leaks are provided at intervals along the conduit through which air and the gas to be detected can be introduced. One or more detectors sensitive to the gas are provided. The location of a leak is a function of the time intervals between detector activity. The magnitude of the leak is determined by the activity of the detector. (NDT patent survey, entry 161)
Non-destructive control of pneumatic tyres Sperberg, L. J. R. French Patent 1,551,048 (27 December 1968) (Applied for 12 September 1967) A test group of tyres is chosen and, for one, the variation in stress around the complete tread of the tyre is found as well as the working speed of the tread. The relation between these two quantities can then be deduced for the given group and a measurement of the stress variation for each tyre of the control group enables the working speed to be found without a destructive test. (NDT patent survey, entry 162)
Implement to control the water tightness of pipelines Shell International Research Maatschappij NV French Patent 1,551, 478 (1968) (Applied for 13 January 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 163)
the parallelism of glass sheets Ford (France) French Patent 1,553,805 (17 January 1969) (Applied for 10 October 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 157)
Temperature measuring equipment for moving rolled or red-hot stock Walzwerke AG German Patent 1, 282,322 (7 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 164)
Device for testing perforated strip (carriage for test using light) Backbee Mayors Co (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 2920/69 (6 February 1969) (Applied for 30 July 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 158),
Watch case tester (for tightness against penetration of gases) Centre Hoites SA German Patent 1,282,997 (14 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 165)
Thermal
and infra-red
f&a-red sensing and detecting device Matsushita Denki Japanese Patent JPC 1680/69 (24 January 1969) (Applied for 20 November 1962) (NDT patent survey, entry 159)
Miscellaneous Method and maratus for testing pipelines Cramer, H. W. US Patent 3,400,574 (10 September 1968) (Filed 31 October 1966) 128
non-destructive
testing
May 1969
temperature sensors. The magnitude of the leak is indicated by comparing the signals from the temperature and pressure sensors. (NDT patent survey, entry 167)
Leak testing method and apparatus for containers Weber, M. (Elcolor AC Fabrik fur elektrotherm&he Apparate) US Patent 3,413,841 (3 December 1968) (Filed 10 October 1966) Plastic cups or bottles are tested for leaks by trapping a volume of air in a small space, bounded at the top by a plate and beneath by the container. The trapped air is then either e.xpanded or compressed. If the container leaks, it will cling to the testing apparatus or drop from it, depending on the specific sequence of air pressure changes, when the supporting platform is withdrawn. Nondefective objects show the opposite behaviour. (NDT patent survey, entry 168) (Penetrant) methods of flaw detection Switzer Brothers Inc British Patent 1,135,408 (4 December 1968) (Applied for 24 October 1965) This method tests for sub-surface flaws with surface openings. A penetrant liquid is applied to the specimen, and the excess liquid is removed. A developer powder is applied which absorbs the liquid retained in the surface openings and carries absorbed dye dispersant. (NDT patent survey, entry 169)
Apparatus including plural detectors for detecting faults in electrically nonconducting material (for detecting faults in the lnsulation of at least two electrical conductor wires) Hartman, A. E. (Western Electric Co Inc) US Patent 3, 411,078 (19681 (Filed 6 July 1966) (NDT patent survey, entry 170)
Method of semiconductor element surface inspection (detecting pin holes in a pmtective coating) Hitachi K. K. Japanese Patent JPC 26743/68 (IO December 1968) (Applied for 15 July 1966) (NDT patent survey, entry 171)
Method and apparatus for measuring the moisture content of sheet material (capacitance method) Haigh, R. W. British Patent 1,142, 204 (1969) (Applied for 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 172)
Length gauge (operating on the oscilhting gas columns principle) Philips Patent Verwaltung GmbH German Patent 1,283,551 (21 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 166)
Device and method for testing the watertightness of pressure containers Idex Corporation French Patent 1,552,309 (3 January 1969) (Applied for 15 December 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 173)
Leak detection system Exile, N. K., Yearwood, D. R., Bridewer, D.W. (John J. McMullen, New Jersey) US Patent 3,413,840 (3 December 1968) (Filed 19 April 1966)
Rolled stock tension gauge (for wire or strip) Allmanna Svenska Elektriska German Patent 1,286,782 (9 January 1969) (NDT patent survey, entry 174)
This is a leak detector for liquefied gas storage tanks. Sensors for observing pressure and temperature are located within a constant volume space about the tank. A leak within the inner tank will change the weight of gas in the space and so alter the signals from the pressure sensors without significantly affecting the signals from the
sensingand displaying device (comprising electrolumfnescenf photoconductive and electric impedance elements) Matsushita Denki Japanese Patent JPC 1679/69 (24 January 1969) (Applied for 20 Sovember 1962) (NDT patent survey, entry 175)
Radi;rtion
Acoustic Method and test machine (for sonically testing wire) IBM French Patent 1,349, 849 (1968) (Applied for 19 December 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 115) Method and apparatus for sonically testtng wooden poles used in electrical distribution Heath Incorporated French Patent 1,549, 961 (1968) (Applied for 4 January 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 116)
Ultrasonic Ultrasonic wave pulse metnod for test of material Kawle, K. R. W. Japanese Patent JPC 27280/68 (22 November 1968) (Applied for 12 September 1964) A pulse, produced by a pulsed field of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic type, is received by antennas electrostatically or inductively. The pulse signal is amplified and an automatic supervisory device, for example a monitor, is operated for the duration of the pulse by the amplified signal received from the antennas. (NDT patent survey, entry 111) Transducer for ultrasonic testing of pipe Kortenhoven, P. US Patent 3,413,843 (3 December 1968) (Filed 6 October 1965) This apparatus for testing elongated objects includes an ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal mounted on a carriage and a means for supporting the carriage on the specimen to be tested. The crystal is normally surrounded by a rubber boat filled with a liquid to reduce the impedance mismatch between crystal and specimen. Various means are provided for adjusting the position of the crystal with respect to the surface of the article to be inspected. (NDT patent survey, entry 112) Device for measuring ultrasonically defects in the walls of very fine tubes Commissairiat a 1’Energie Atomique French Patent 1,548,670 (6 December 1968) (Applied for 27 October 1967) This method allows one to measure faults in both internal and external walls of the tube by means of a single emitting receiving transducer, with a generator and variable amplifier. The tube is immersed and rotated and the incident ultrasound viewed on an oscilloscope screen. A defect in an internal wall causes a succession of attenuated echoes; a series of level-selecting gates allow one to measure this by turning down the gain for the initial echo from an external fault but conserving the gain for an internal fault (diagram given). (NDT patent survey, entry 113) Device for locating discontinuities by ultrasonic echo especially to find the liquid/solid interface during the continuous flow Concast,A.G. French Patent 1,548,870 (6 December 1968) (Applied for 12 December 1967) Transducers serving as emitter and receiver are isolated electrically and acoustically, and arranged at an angle to the plane in which they are coupled to the sample by a liquid (diagram given). (NDT patent survey, entry 114)
126
non-destructive
testing
May 1969
Acoustic leak detecting apparatus (pertains to apparatus for passing through a pressurized pipeline and acoustically detecting leaks) Wood, F. M. US Patent 3,413,653 (26 November 1968) (Filed 25 July 1967) This apparatus can be passed through a pressurized pipeline, to detect acoustically any leaks. One transducer is on the upstream side of the pipeline, and one on the downstream side; they are connected to circuitry which includes suitable filters for filtering out environmental low frequencies, a differential amplifier for cancelling the background noise not filtered out from the detected leak noise, and a multi-channel recording system. This system can record the output of the differential amplifier and one or both of the separate channel signals. In addition, a magnetic responsive device may be included for detecting and recording magnetic field responses. (NDT patent survey, entry 117) Flow boundary layer gauge (for flow of air over an aircraft wing, using an acoustic Probe) Bolkow GmbH German Patent 1,285,714 (19 December 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 118) Apparatus for measuring the mass per unit area of sheet material Nils Bertil Agdur, Weissglas, P. British Patent 1, 139, 142 (1969) (Applied for 1966) (Applied for in Sweden 1965) Thm is an acoustic method for measuring the mass per unit area of sheet material, e.g.paper. Pulses of sound of frequency 15kHz impinge on the surface of the material under test, at right-angles to the plane of the material; the amplitude of vibration of the material is detected by various means. If a relation can be established between the mass unit area of the material under test and the receiver amplitude, then it is possible to sample this parameter continuously. (NDT patent survey, entry 119)
Radiographic Neutron radiograph device Toshiba Denki Japanese Patent JPC 25759/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 30 April 1965) This device consists of a collimator of neutron-shielding material with an elongated penetrating hole. A neutron scatterer is inserted in the hole and is freely movable along it. A neutron source is placed at one end of the hole and the object to be photographed at the other, with the film just behind it. To obtain the optimum exposure conditions, the resolving power and thermal
neutron intensity are adjusted by varytng the position of the scatterer in relation to the object. (NDT patent survey, entry 120) X-ray camera (having continuously driven film which is stopped intermittently in the gate) NV Phibps Gloeilamperfabriken German Patent 1,285.860 (19 December 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 121) Improvements in or relating to radiographic examination using neutrons United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority British Patent 1,138, 537 (1969) (Applied for 1965) This is a method for producing an image after an object has been irradiated with neutrons. The production of the visrble image is similar to xerography or xeroradiography. The neutron source is collimated; the neutrons pass through the object and fall on the imaging system. This comprises two aluminium plates, one coated with lithium and the other with selenium. The neutrons cause charged particles to be discharged from the charged lithmm onto the selenium, and the resulting charge distribution depends on rhe distribution of the neutron beam. The charge distribution is then made visible, and there are various possible imaging techniques. (NDT patent survey, entry 1221 Method of obtaining radioactive ray (neutron beam) transmitted photographic image of sample (using a neutron-sensitive lumtnescent substance) USAEC (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 520 69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 6 0c:ober 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 123)
Nucleonic X-ray apparatus for measuring internal strains in an elastomeric body having spaced particles embedded therein Williams, R. D., Anderson. E. L., Rastrelli, L. U. (assigned to.the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy) US Patent 3,412,243 (19 November 1968) (Filed 25 January 1965) A high voltage generator is used to bombard a target with electrons in order to produce x-ray emission from the target. The specimen is irradiated with the x-rays. There is a variation of x-ray absorption due to the internal strains and this variation is detected using a scintillation detector. The variations are recorded on an x-y plotter. (NDT patent survey, entry 124) Backscatter thickness measuringgauge utilizing different energy levels of Brems-
strahlung and two ionization chambers Hsnken, A. F. G. (Industrial Nucleonics Corporation, Ohio) US Patent 3,412,249 (19 November 1968) (Filed 4 August 1964) (NDT patent survey, entry 125) Method sod device, its production and utilization for scintilIation counting Sean, E. A., Sutula, C. L. and Tolbert, 8. M. French Patent 1,553,331 (10 January 1969) (Applied for 31 January 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 126)
bfettmdof measuringsnrface ddty and thickness of plate materisl and thin film &m;am$ng the intensity of back-scattered Rizsuki Filial Institute Japanese Patent JPC 2435/69 (1 February 1969) (Applied for 1 November 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 12’7)
Electrical
Method of making flaw-detecting vetic particles Honjo, K. Japanese Patent JPC 25758/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 18 June 1965)
Iron powder and a binder, pigment or dyestuff are added to a flux and well mixed. A sprayer jets the mixture while contacting it with a separating agent. (NDT patent survey, entry 135)
This apparatus minimizes the amount of magnetic particle solution used and reduces start-up time by using a jet-action agitator to place the particles in suspension, thus dispensing with the need to dislodge particles manually from various structural parts of the apparatus. (NDT patent survey, entry126) FIaw detect@ &vice (magnetic flux change) Japax Japanese Patent JPC 23160/68 (4 October 1968) (Applied for 24 January 1961) A varying magnetic flux is generated by a magnet which is rotated in a cavity in a magnetic yoke. This is applied to the testpiece which completes the magnetic path between the ends of the yoke. Thus any flaw in the tested path may be detected by the change in flux passing through the circuit. (NDT patent survey, entry 129) ImdaUng materials parameter devtce (electrical and/or magnetic parameter measurement using microwave resonance) Eltro Gesellschaft fiir Strahlungs Technik German Patent 1,281,563 (1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 130) Reflection factor measurement (of an object in the mtcmwave range) Slemens AG German Patent 1,281,564 (31 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 131) Continuousinsulation tester (for cables in motion) Trefimet Aux German Patent 1,281,575 (31 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 132)
Position detecting device (magnetic fl*
Sony Japanese Patent JPC 257’50/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 19 August 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 133) Device for detecting
lealdng magnetic flux (flaws in magnetizable tutmlar body) American Machine and Foundry Co Japanese Patent JPC 25757/68 (6 November 1968) (Applied for 11 November 1964)
A unilateral magnetic field is generated on the wall of the magnetizable tubular body. The leaking magnetic flux is detected by a magnetic reaction device, next to the surface, which emits flaw signals according to the variation ln flux. A logical circuit indicates the relative movement and position of the flaw in response to the output of the detector. The logical circuit consists of two circuits which indicate outer and inner flaws greater than a predetermined level. (NDT patent survey, entry 134)
for the non-destnxtive testing of ferromagnetic materials Setaram Societe D’Etudes D’Automation, De Regulation et D’Appareils De Mesure British Patent I, 139, 704 (1969) (Applied for 1966) (Applied for in France in 1965)
This is a method for flaw detection which includes vibrating the specimen at a resonant frequency. A magnetic field is established in the vicinity of the specimen. Pickup coils are used to scan the specimen, and the information from these coils is used to locate flaws in the specimen. (NDT patent survey, entry 136)
This is a method for the detection of the depth of generally parallel cracks. The specimen under test is magnetized and sprinkled with magnetic powder which will tend to collect at surface faults, where the magnetic lines of force emerge from the surface. This powder, concentrated at the cracks, fluoresces when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Thus the position of the cracks can be detected. A photomultiplier is scanned at right angles to the specimen, which is itself transported in the general direction of the cracks. The photomultiplier output is fed through a bandpass amplifier which filters out signals below a certain level. The output can be used to control a fault marker or grinding apparatus or fed into an oscillograph. The strength of the output signal is substantially proportional to depth. (NDT patent survey, entry 141)
Oil-water contact location with frequencymod&ted electromagnetic energy Unterberger, R. R., Walstrom, J.E.,Metz, C. T. (Chevron Research Company, San Francisco) US Patent 3,412,321 (19 November 1968) (Filed 14 November 1966)
Method of non-destructively controlling, by Foucault currents, electrically condu&ng tubes and corresponding apparatus Commissarlat a I’Energie Atomique French Patent 1,470,386 (24 January 1969) (Applied for 25 May 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 142)
and magnetic
Support appadus for detecting flaws in ferrous objects by magnetic particle inspection Parker, P. J. US Patent 3,402,349 (17 September 1968) (Filed 30 April 1965)
Method and apparatus
Resonant frequency vibration testing method 4 apparatus Lloyd, D. (William H. Hopkins, Harlingen, Texas) US Patent 3,411,344 (19 November 1968) (Filed 2 November 1964)
The oil-water contact line is located, relative to the bore hole, by the use of an electromagnetic generator giving a variable output frequency from lo6 to 101’Hz. The generator is lowered into the bore hole and irradiates the formation with modulated energy. Signals reflected from the oilwater contact are detected. A comparison of the instantaneous frequency of the transmitted and received signals gives a measure of the frequency difference. This difference is a function of the distance of the oil-water contact from the electromagnetic generator in the bore. (NDT patent survey, entry 137)
Discontfnuity location by frequency-modulated electromagnetic energy Unterberger, R. R. (Chevron Research Company, San Francisco) US Patent 3,412,322 (19 November 1968) (Filed 14 November 1966) (NDT patent survey, entry 138)
Subsurface electromagnetic-irradiation ranging method for locatfng fractures within rock fornlations Unterberger, R. R., Jones, C. D. (Chevron Research Company, San Francisco) US Patent 3,412,323 (19 November 1968) (Filed 14 November 1966) This method locates fractures in limestone that have been permeated by liquid materials of different dielectric constants. An electromagnetic wave generator is positioned in the well bore; its output frequency is variable from 10s to 1OllHz and modulated through a band width of signals at a repetition rate determined by the location of the fracture. Instantaneous comparison of transmitted and received signals gives a frequency difference which is converted to lateral distance of the fracture from the bore hole. (NDT patent survey, entry 139)
Resistance measurement (ii centlmetre wave systems) Wandel U. Goltermann German Patent 1,282,179 (7 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 140)
Optical Photo-potentiometer device (for use ln measuring apparatus) Bendix Corporation German Patent 1,280, 434 (17 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 143) Width thlclmess or length gauge (using photoelectric sensors) Pfister, M. C. German Patent 1,281,153 (21 October 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 144) Photoelectric length gauge control Jenoptik Jena GmbH German Patent 1,281,157 (24 October (NDT patent survey, entry 145) Multi-purpose
Optical
968)
gauge
Ernst Leitz GmbH German Patent 1,281,158 (24 October (NDT patent survey, entry 146)
968)
Surface condition inspective device of rough machined surface (light interference method) Suglura Kenkyusho Japanese Patent JPC 29915/68 (21 December 1968) (Applied for 30 April 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 147) Sheet defect detecting device (photoelectric)
Tateishi Denki Japanese Patent JPC 29920/68 (21 December 1968) (Applied for 7 October 1964)
A photoelectric detector, which responds to the permeating or reflecting light projected on a sheet to be transferred to the lengthwise direction, is aligned in the width direction of the sheet. A light-shielding plate is employed to change the area of the effective light receiving surface of the detector according to the size of the defect to be detected. (NDT patent survey, entry 148)
non-destructive
testing
May 1969
127
Optical scanner Optische Industrie de Oude Delft German Patent 1,283,557 (21 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 149) Tubular tdy measuring device (photo&ctrtc device for measnrfng the internal and external diameters of tubes) Nippon Kokan Japanese Patent JPC 511/69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 29 July 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 150) Knitted cloth defect detecting device @hotoelectric) Aparatian Electronic Inst (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 515/69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 11 December 1964) (NDT patent survey, entry 151) Method of measuring diameter of wire and the like (using two scanned light beams) Sumitomo De&i Japanese Patent JPC 2434’69 (1 February 1969) (Applied for 13 June 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 152) Method of testing angularity between both surfaces of transparent sheet material (by light transmission) Institute National du Vool (Luxembourg) Japanese Patent JPC 2436/69 (1 February 1969) (NDT patent survey, entry 153) fnterferometric examination of objects and materials National Research Development Corporation British Patent 1,142, 702 (1969) (Applied for 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 154) The testing of cables (using visible or infrared light) Siemens-Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft British Patent 1,143, 243 (1969) (Applied for 1966) (Applied for in Germany tn 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 156) Method for finding and showing up faults in
This leak testing apparatus consists of an elongated tube with expandable seals at each end. The tube can be moved to any point in the pipe, where the seals are expanded to seal the interior of the tube so that it can be filled with fluid. Pressure sensitive devices within the tube indicate any leaks. (NDT patent survey, entry 160)
Leak detection system Woodruff, G. N. (TRW fnc, California) USA Patent 3,402, 596 (24 September 1968) (Filed 31 January 1967) Parallel conduits are provided which extend along the pipeline. They are arranged in the form of a closed loop, and maintained at a pressure below ambient by a vacuum pump connected at one end of the loop. Leaks are provided at intervals along the conduit through which air and the gas to be detected can be introduced. One or more detectors sensitive to the gas are provided. The location of a leak is a function of the time intervals between detector activity. The magnitude of the leak is determined by the activity of the detector. (NDT patent survey, entry 161)
Non-destructive control of pneumatic tyres Sperberg, L. J. R. French Patent 1,551,048 (27 December 1968) (Applied for 12 September 1967) A test group of tyres is chosen and, for one, the variation in stress around the complete tread of the tyre is found as well as the working speed of the tread. The relation between these two quantities can then be deduced for the given group and a measurement of the stress variation for each tyre of the control group enables the working speed to be found without a destructive test. (NDT patent survey, entry 162)
Implement to control the water tightness of pipelines Shell International Research Maatschappij NV French Patent 1,551, 478 (1968) (Applied for 13 January 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 163)
the parallelism of glass sheets Ford (France) French Patent 1,553,805 (17 January 1969) (Applied for 10 October 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 157)
Temperature measuring equipment for moving rolled or red-hot stock Walzwerke AG German Patent 1, 282,322 (7 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 164)
Device for testing perforated strip (carriage for test using light) Backbee Mayors Co (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 2920/69 (6 February 1969) (Applied for 30 July 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 158),
Watch case tester (for tightness against penetration of gases) Centre Hoites SA German Patent 1,282,997 (14 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 165)
Thermal
and infra-red
f&a-red sensing and detecting device Matsushita Denki Japanese Patent JPC 1680/69 (24 January 1969) (Applied for 20 November 1962) (NDT patent survey, entry 159)
Miscellaneous Method and maratus for testing pipelines Cramer, H. W. US Patent 3,400,574 (10 September 1968) (Filed 31 October 1966) 128
non-destructive
testing
May 1969
temperature sensors. The magnitude of the leak is indicated by comparing the signals from the temperature and pressure sensors. (NDT patent survey, entry 167)
Leak testing method and apparatus for containers Weber, M. (Elcolor AC Fabrik fur elektrotherm&he Apparate) US Patent 3,413,841 (3 December 1968) (Filed 10 October 1966) Plastic cups or bottles are tested for leaks by trapping a volume of air in a small space, bounded at the top by a plate and beneath by the container. The trapped air is then either e.xpanded or compressed. If the container leaks, it will cling to the testing apparatus or drop from it, depending on the specific sequence of air pressure changes, when the supporting platform is withdrawn. Nondefective objects show the opposite behaviour. (NDT patent survey, entry 168) (Penetrant) methods of flaw detection Switzer Brothers Inc British Patent 1,135,408 (4 December 1968) (Applied for 24 October 1965) This method tests for sub-surface flaws with surface openings. A penetrant liquid is applied to the specimen, and the excess liquid is removed. A developer powder is applied which absorbs the liquid retained in the surface openings and carries absorbed dye dispersant. (NDT patent survey, entry 169)
Apparatus including plural detectors for detecting faults in electrically nonconducting material (for detecting faults in the lnsulation of at least two electrical conductor wires) Hartman, A. E. (Western Electric Co Inc) US Patent 3, 411,078 (19681 (Filed 6 July 1966) (NDT patent survey, entry 170)
Method of semiconductor element surface inspection (detecting pin holes in a pmtective coating) Hitachi K. K. Japanese Patent JPC 26743/68 (IO December 1968) (Applied for 15 July 1966) (NDT patent survey, entry 171)
Method and apparatus for measuring the moisture content of sheet material (capacitance method) Haigh, R. W. British Patent 1,142, 204 (1969) (Applied for 1965) (NDT patent survey, entry 172)
Length gauge (operating on the oscilhting gas columns principle) Philips Patent Verwaltung GmbH German Patent 1,283,551 (21 November 1968) (NDT patent survey, entry 166)
Device and method for testing the watertightness of pressure containers Idex Corporation French Patent 1,552,309 (3 January 1969) (Applied for 15 December 1967) (NDT patent survey, entry 173)
Leak detection system Exile, N. K., Yearwood, D. R., Bridewer, D.W. (John J. McMullen, New Jersey) US Patent 3,413,840 (3 December 1968) (Filed 19 April 1966)
Rolled stock tension gauge (for wire or strip) Allmanna Svenska Elektriska German Patent 1,286,782 (9 January 1969) (NDT patent survey, entry 174)
This is a leak detector for liquefied gas storage tanks. Sensors for observing pressure and temperature are located within a constant volume space about the tank. A leak within the inner tank will change the weight of gas in the space and so alter the signals from the pressure sensors without significantly affecting the signals from the
sensingand displaying device (comprising electrolumfnescenf photoconductive and electric impedance elements) Matsushita Denki Japanese Patent JPC 1679/69 (24 January 1969) (Applied for 20 Sovember 1962) (NDT patent survey, entry 175)
Radi;rtion