INTRODUCTION Symposium on Biomedical Engineering: Novel Engineering Technology in Cryobiology Research and Its Applications Held at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Cryobiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, August 21, 1996
Chaired by Dayong Gao and John J. McGrath Final manuscripts were received March 11, 1997 INTRODUCTION
Over the past several decades an increasing number of engineering trained researchers have made the field of cryobiology a primary focus of their research work. Distinguishing aspects of their research include (1) the understanding and modeling of fundamental processes in biological systems at low temperatures; (2) the rigorous quantitative measurement and analysis of cell membrane transport properties, cooling and warming processes, and corresponding cell responses; and (3) the design of novel devices and procedures for cryobiological research and two major applications— cryopreservation of biological systems and cryosurgery in treating cancer. The focus of this symposium is the review of significant contributions by engineers to the science of cryobiology, highlighting novel engineering technology that has been used or will be used in the near future. Dayong Gao John J. McGrath
303 0011-2240/97 $25.00 Copyright q 1997 by Academic Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.