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Synthesis of sulphur-containing arylaliphatic polyamides and studies of the properties of members of the series
Abstracts
315
KINETICS OF THE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE
G. D. B e r e z h n o i , P . M. K h o m i k o v s k i i a n d S. S. M e d v e d e v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 4 1 - 1 5 2 , 1960. THE effect of the nature and concentration of initiators, the concentration of the emulsifier and the t e m p e r a t u r e on the rate of the emulsion polymerization of styrene and on the mean molecular weights of the polymers has been investigated. The dependence of the overall rate of the reaction on the emulsifier concentration has been shown to be determined b y the topochemistry of formation of the p r i m a r y radicals (in the aqueous solution or on the ~urfa~e of the polymer particles) and upon the concentration of the initiator, and is determined by two types of termination of the molecular chains {interaction with one another and with the p r i m a r y radicals). The overall activation energy of the polymerization reaction lies within the limits of 14-16 keal/mole. The experimental results have been subjected to quantitative treatment, based on the concept t h a t latex polymerization is a homogenous process with the emulsifier of moan concentration and with account made of the two types of polymer chain termination. SYNTHESIS OF SULPHUR-CONTAINING ARYLALIPHATIC POLYAMIDES AND STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF MEMBERS OF THE SERIES
0 . Y a . F e d o t o v a a n d A. B. S h a p i r o , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 5 3 - 1 5 7 , 1960. THE synthesis has been carried out for the first time of six sulphur-contaimng arylaliphatic polyamides and a description has been made of their properties. The kinetics of the synthetic reactions have also been determined. An activity series for the diamines in the polycondensation reaction as well as the dependence between structure and properties in the series of sulphur-containing ahphatie polyamides have been established. A plasticizing effect of' the -S. and -S-S-groups ]orated between ~he aromatic radicals in the polyamlde chain has also been found to exist. COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS WITH POLYSILOXANE AND PHENYLENESILOXANE CHAINS IN THE MOLECULES
K . A. A n c h ' i a n o v , V. E . N i k i t e n k o v a n d N. N. S o k o l o v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 5 8 - 1 6 1 , 1960. POLYORGANOSILOXA~ES h a v e been synthesized, in the l)rimary chain of which 50 per cent of the oxygen has been substituted b y phenylene radicals. Amoug such polymers a low molecular phenylsiloxane with 8 Si atoms and 6 OH groups has been obtained. Polyorganophenylenesiloxanes have been shown to possess a higher thermal stability and a lower thermal elasticity than the corresponding polyorganosiloxanes. PLASTICIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-STYRENE AND POLYACRYLIC ACIDSTYRENE GRAFT COPOLYMERS
V. A. K a r g i n , N . A . P l a t e a n d V. P . S h i b a e v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 6 6 173, 1960. A STt'])X" has been made of tbe p!asticizing action of tetredin and glycerine on polyvinyl alcohol-polystyrene a~d polyaerylic acid-polystyrene graft copolymers. I t has been shown t h a t the separave action of the polar and non-polar plasticizer can be realized on each of the components of the copolymer. Tetralin plasticizos only the polystyrene parts of the chain and shifts the respective transition t e m p e r a t u r e in accordance with the partial volume rule, whereas glycerol acts primarily on the polar groups of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid. When jointly present the plastioizers supplement and intensify each others action.
315
KINETICS OF THE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE
G. D. B e r e z h n o i , P . M. K h o m i k o v s k i i a n d S. S. M e d v e d e v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 4 1 - 1 5 2 , 1960. THE effect of the nature and concentration of initiators, the concentration of the emulsifier and the t e m p e r a t u r e on the rate of the emulsion polymerization of styrene and on the mean molecular weights of the polymers has been investigated. The dependence of the overall rate of the reaction on the emulsifier concentration has been shown to be determined b y the topochemistry of formation of the p r i m a r y radicals (in the aqueous solution or on the ~urfa~e of the polymer particles) and upon the concentration of the initiator, and is determined by two types of termination of the molecular chains {interaction with one another and with the p r i m a r y radicals). The overall activation energy of the polymerization reaction lies within the limits of 14-16 keal/mole. The experimental results have been subjected to quantitative treatment, based on the concept t h a t latex polymerization is a homogenous process with the emulsifier of moan concentration and with account made of the two types of polymer chain termination. SYNTHESIS OF SULPHUR-CONTAINING ARYLALIPHATIC POLYAMIDES AND STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF MEMBERS OF THE SERIES
0 . Y a . F e d o t o v a a n d A. B. S h a p i r o , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 5 3 - 1 5 7 , 1960. THE synthesis has been carried out for the first time of six sulphur-contaimng arylaliphatic polyamides and a description has been made of their properties. The kinetics of the synthetic reactions have also been determined. An activity series for the diamines in the polycondensation reaction as well as the dependence between structure and properties in the series of sulphur-containing ahphatie polyamides have been established. A plasticizing effect of' the -S. and -S-S-groups ]orated between ~he aromatic radicals in the polyamlde chain has also been found to exist. COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS WITH POLYSILOXANE AND PHENYLENESILOXANE CHAINS IN THE MOLECULES
K . A. A n c h ' i a n o v , V. E . N i k i t e n k o v a n d N. N. S o k o l o v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 5 8 - 1 6 1 , 1960. POLYORGANOSILOXA~ES h a v e been synthesized, in the l)rimary chain of which 50 per cent of the oxygen has been substituted b y phenylene radicals. Amoug such polymers a low molecular phenylsiloxane with 8 Si atoms and 6 OH groups has been obtained. Polyorganophenylenesiloxanes have been shown to possess a higher thermal stability and a lower thermal elasticity than the corresponding polyorganosiloxanes. PLASTICIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-STYRENE AND POLYACRYLIC ACIDSTYRENE GRAFT COPOLYMERS
V. A. K a r g i n , N . A . P l a t e a n d V. P . S h i b a e v , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: N o . 1, 1 6 6 173, 1960. A STt'])X" has been made of tbe p!asticizing action of tetredin and glycerine on polyvinyl alcohol-polystyrene a~d polyaerylic acid-polystyrene graft copolymers. I t has been shown t h a t the separave action of the polar and non-polar plasticizer can be realized on each of the components of the copolymer. Tetralin plasticizos only the polystyrene parts of the chain and shifts the respective transition t e m p e r a t u r e in accordance with the partial volume rule, whereas glycerol acts primarily on the polar groups of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid. When jointly present the plastioizers supplement and intensify each others action.