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Synthesis, structure and property of copper(II) complex with macrocyclic multidentate ligand
Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189 www.elsevier.com/locate/inoche
Synthesis, structure and property of copper(II) complex with macrocyclic multidentate ligand Ai-Rong Song, You Song, Xing-Mei Ouyang, Yi-Zhi Li, Wei-Yin Sun
*
Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China Received 19 November 2004; accepted 6 December 2004
Abstract A novel coordination complex [Cu2L(4,4 0 -bpy)(H2O)](ClO4)4 Æ 3H2O was synthesized by treatment of Cu(ClO4)2 Æ 6H2O and 4,4 0 bipyridine (4,4 0 -bpy) with a macrocyclic multidentate ligand L containing two diethylenetriamine units as coordination moieties and two biphenylene groups as rigid spacers. The compound was characterized by X-ray crystallography, electrospray mass spectroscopy (ES-MS), and its magnetic property was studied. 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. Keywords: Macrocyclic ligand; Copper(II) complex; Crystal structure; Electrospray mass spectroscopy; Magnetic property
In recent years, there are great interests in the studies of coordination compounds with dinucleating macrocyclic polyamine ligands [1–4], since such kind of ligands are capable of binding two metal atoms with an appropriate separation to provide models for biological bimetallic sites [5–10]. Discrete binuclear complexes and coordination polymers with binuclear units have been synthesized and characterized [5–12]. We report herein a novel macrocyclic binuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2L(bpy)(H2O)](ClO4)4 Æ 3H2O (bpy = 4,4 0 -bipyridine) (1), with a macrocyclic multidentate ligand L composed of two diethylenetriamine moieties connected by two rigid biphenylene spacers [13]. The complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography, electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) and magnetic measurements. It is interesting that the two copper(II) atoms bridged by 4,4 0 -bipyridine molecule have different coordination geometry.
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 83593485; fax: +86 25 83314502. E-mail address: [email protected] (W.-Y. Sun). 1387-7003/$ - see front matter 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2004.12.006
Ligand L was prepared as reported previously [12], and complex 1 was synthesized by reaction of Cu (ClO4)2 Æ 6H2O, 4,4 0 -bipyridine and the macrocyclic ligand L in a molar ratio of 2:1:1 in aqueous methanol solution. 1 The structure of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. 2 As illustrated in Fig. 1, the cationic structure of 1 consists of a binuclear Cu(II) center, in which the two copper(II) atoms with a ˚ are bridged by a 4,4 0 -bipyridine separation of 10.95 A molecule. In addition, the Cu1 is coordinated by three N atoms from a diethylenetriamine unit of L and an O atom from a water molecule, however, no water mole1
Yield 40%. Analysis found: C, 41.95; H, 4.56; N, 8.46%. Calculated for C46H62Cl4Cu2N6O20: C, 41.95; H, 4.71; N, 8.51%. 2 Data collection were performed on a CCD Smart Apex Diffractometer with graphite monochromated Mo Ka radiation (k = 0.71073 0 ) at 293(2) K. The structure was solved by direct method using SHELXS-97 and refined by full-matrix least-square calculation on F2. Crystal data for 1: M = 1315.94, Monoclinic, space group P21/c, ˚ , b = 117.209(11), a = 19.385(17), b = 19.549(17), c = 17.727(16) A ˚ 3, Z = 1, l = 0.961 mm1, Dc = 1.1408 g cm3. 31,603 V = 5974(9) A reflections measured, 11,688 reflections observed. The final R1 (Rw) = 0.0574 (0.1221).
A.-R. Song et al. / Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189
Fig. 1. ORTEP drawing of the cationic [Cu2L(4,4 0 -bpy)(H2O)]4+ structure of 1, with thermal ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level. Anions, uncoordinated water molecules and hydrogen atoms were omitted for clarity.
cule coordinated to the Cu2. Thus the Cu1 is five-coordinated while the Cu2 is only four coordinated. The coordination geometry of Cu1 is distorted square pyra˚ above the plane demidal, in which Cu1 located 0.14 A fined by four coordinated atoms N1, N3, N4 and N5. And the coordination geometry of the Cu2 can be regarded as a little distorted square-planar, in which the ˚ above the plane defined by four Cu2 atom lies 0.01 A coordinated atoms N2, N6, N7 and N8. In the structure of the cationic unit, there are four phenyl planes and two pyridyl planes. Each pyridyl group is sandwiched between two phenyl planes (Fig. 1) with the dihedral an-
187
˚ gles of 3.8–6.4 and the distances of 3.42–3.47 A between the phenyl plane and pyridyl plane, which indicate the existence of face-to-face p–p interactions in complex 1. The macrocyclic cationic units are further connected by perchlorate anions through the N–H–O and C–H–O hydrogen bonds (Fig. 2). The N–O dis˚ , and the N–H–O tances of 3.137(5) and 3.212(5) A angles of 167 and 140 indicate the presence of N(3)– H(3C)–O(33) and N(8)–H(8A)–O(14)[a] ([a]1 + x, y, 1 + z) hydrogen bonds. The C–O distances of 3.403(6) ˚ , and the C–H–O angles of 163 and and 3.467(7) A 173 indicate the formation of C(43)–H(43)–O(11)[b] ([b]1 + x, 1.5 y, 0.5 + z) and C(45)–H(45)–O(31)[c] ([c]x, 1.5 y, 0.5 + z) hydrogen bonds. The synthesized complex was further characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry. The ES-MS of 1 in DMF solution displayed five peaks at 321.5, 343.1, 373.0, 403.0, 441.9 which are corresponding to [LCu (H2O)]2+, [L2HCu2]2+, [LHCu2(CH3CO2)]2+, [LCu2 (CH3CO2) 2]2+, [LHCu2(CH3OH)3ClO4]2+ (CH3OH containing 5% CH3CO2H was used as mobile phase), respectively. All these assignments are ensured by well agreement between the observed and calculated isotopic distributions. As a typical example, Fig. 3 shows comparison between the experimental and calculated isotopic distributions for the peaks at m/z = 403.0 and m/z = 441.9. Variable-temperature (1.8–300 K) magnetic susceptibility were measured with an applied magnetic field
Fig. 2. Hydrogen bonds indicated by dashed lines in 1.
Fig. 3. The observed (traces) and calculated (bars) isotopic distributions for the peaks at m/z = 403.0 (left) and m/z = 441.9 (right).
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A.-R. Song et al. / Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189 1.05
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Fig. 4. Plot of the temperature dependence of vMT (d) and vM (s) for the compound 1. Inset: plot of the temperature dependence of vM1 (n) for the compound 1 (per Cu2 unit).
H = 2 kOe for 1. As shown in Fig. 4, at room tempera3 1 ture, vMT per CuII 2 unit is equal to 0.80 cm K mol , which is very close with the spin-only value of 0.83 cm3 K mol1 assuming g = 2.1. Upon cooling from the room temperature, the vMT smoothly decreases to 0.78 cm3 K mol1 at 30 K, and then sharply decreases to 0.64 cm3 K mol1 at 1.8 K. This indicates that there exists a weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu(II) ions within the same macrocycle. In the whole temperature range, the susceptibility obeys Curie–Weiss law with C = 0.80 cm3 K mol1 and h = 0.74 K as shown in the inset of Fig. 4, indicating very weak antiferromagnetic exchange in this system. For this complex, the magnetic system can be described by the ˆ = 2JSˆ1Sˆ2). When the temperclassical dimer model (H ature independent parameter (TIP) was taken into account, the best fit to the data for 1 yielded g = 2.052(1), J = 0.424(4) P cm1 and TIP = 0.00006 6 with R = 5.45 · 10 ðR ¼ ½ðvM T Þcalcd ðvM T Þobs 2 = P 2 ðvM T Þobs Þ. The existence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu(II) could be explained by ˚ between the two Cu(II) the long distance of 10.95 A atoms and the large twist (the dihedral angle of 38.1) between the two pyridyl planes of the bridging 4,4 0 bipyridine. The title complex was further investigated by ESR spectral measurements in DMSO/water (v:v = 1:1) solution under different pH values at 110 K. As illustrated in Fig. 5, no obvious changes observed in the ESR spectra from pH 4.98 to 10.74 indicate that the Cu(II)-(4,4 0 bpy)-Cu(II) unit is stable in the solution in the above pH range, however, remarkably change was observed when the pH value decreases to 3.38, which indicates that the complex dissociated. In conclusion, a binuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic ligand and 4,4 0 -bipyridine bridge was syn-
3500
4000
H/G Fig. 5. ESR spectra for the compound 1 in the frozen water/DMSO (1:1 v:v) solution at 110 K under different pH.
thesized and its structure, magnetic property, pH dependent stability in solution were studied.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20231020) for financial support of this work.
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/ j.inoche.2004.12.006.
References [1] P. Cheng, S.P. Yan, C.Z. Xie, B. Zhao, X.Y. Chen, X.W. Liu, C.H. Li, D.Z. Liao, Z.H. Jiang, G.L. Wang, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. (2004) 2369. [2] T.B. Lu, S. Chen, Z.W. Mao, A.E. Martell, L.N. Ji, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 6 (2003) 1068. [3] T.B. Lu, H. Xiang, R.L. Luck, Z.W. Mao, X.M. Chen, L.N. Ji, Inorg. Chim. Acta 355 (2003) 229. [4] Y.Q. Sun, G.M. Yang, D.Z. Liao, Z.H. Jiang, S.P. Yan, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 6 (2003) 799. [5] Z.W. Mao, M.Q. Chen, X.S. Tan, J. Liu, W.X. Tang, Inorg. Chem. 34 (1995) 2889. [6] J.R. Morrow, W.C. Trogler, Inorg. Chem. 27 (1988) 3387. [7] J.-L. Pierre, P. Chautemps, S. Refaif, C. Beguin, A.E. Marzouki, G. Serratrice, E. Saint-Aman, P. Rey, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 (1995) 1965. [8] D. Volkmer, B. Hommerich, K. Griesar, W. Haase, B. Krebs, Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 3792. [9] S. Wang, M.H. Lee, R.P. Hausinger, P.A. Clark, D.E. Wilcox, R.A. Scott, Inorg. Chem. 33 (1994) 1589. [10] A.F. Kolodzlej, Prog. Inorg. Chem. 41 (1994) 493. [11] M.G.B. Drew, M. McCann, S.M. Nelson, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (1981) 1868. [12] X.-M. Ouyang, Z.-W. Li, T.-a. Okamura, Y.-Z. Li, W.-Y. Sun, W.-X. Tang, N. Ueyama, J. Solid State Chem. 177 (2004) 350.
A.-R. Song et al. / Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189 [13] (a) Some examples of reported dinuclear copper(II) macrocyclic complexes: A.M. Schuitema, P.G. Aubel, I.A. Koval, M. Engelen, W.L. Driessen, J. Reedijk, M. Lutz, A.L. Spek, Inorg. Chim. Acta 355 (2003) 374; (b) M. Thirumavalavan, P. Akilan, M. Kandaswamy, K. Chinnakali, G.S. Kumar, H.K. Fun, Inorg. Chem. 42 (2003) 3308; (c) S. Carvalho, C. Cruz, R. Delgado, M.G.B. Drew, V. Felix, Dalton Trans. (2003) 4261;
189
(d) J. Gao, J.H. Reibenspies, A.E. Martell, Inorg. Chim. Acta 346 (2002) 67; (e) W.L. Driessen, P.J. Baesjou, J.E. Bol, H. Kooijman, A.L. Spek, J. Reedijk, Inorg. Chim. Acta 324 (2001) 16; (f) H.L. Zhu, L.M. Zheng, C.Y. Duan, X.Y. Huang, W.M. Bu, M.F. Wu, W.X. Tang, Polyhedron 17 (1998) 3909; (g) J.C. Colin, T. Mallah, Y. Journaux, F. Lloret, M. Julve, C. Bois, Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 4170.
Synthesis, structure and property of copper(II) complex with macrocyclic multidentate ligand Ai-Rong Song, You Song, Xing-Mei Ouyang, Yi-Zhi Li, Wei-Yin Sun
*
Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China Received 19 November 2004; accepted 6 December 2004
Abstract A novel coordination complex [Cu2L(4,4 0 -bpy)(H2O)](ClO4)4 Æ 3H2O was synthesized by treatment of Cu(ClO4)2 Æ 6H2O and 4,4 0 bipyridine (4,4 0 -bpy) with a macrocyclic multidentate ligand L containing two diethylenetriamine units as coordination moieties and two biphenylene groups as rigid spacers. The compound was characterized by X-ray crystallography, electrospray mass spectroscopy (ES-MS), and its magnetic property was studied. 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. Keywords: Macrocyclic ligand; Copper(II) complex; Crystal structure; Electrospray mass spectroscopy; Magnetic property
In recent years, there are great interests in the studies of coordination compounds with dinucleating macrocyclic polyamine ligands [1–4], since such kind of ligands are capable of binding two metal atoms with an appropriate separation to provide models for biological bimetallic sites [5–10]. Discrete binuclear complexes and coordination polymers with binuclear units have been synthesized and characterized [5–12]. We report herein a novel macrocyclic binuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2L(bpy)(H2O)](ClO4)4 Æ 3H2O (bpy = 4,4 0 -bipyridine) (1), with a macrocyclic multidentate ligand L composed of two diethylenetriamine moieties connected by two rigid biphenylene spacers [13]. The complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography, electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) and magnetic measurements. It is interesting that the two copper(II) atoms bridged by 4,4 0 -bipyridine molecule have different coordination geometry.
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 83593485; fax: +86 25 83314502. E-mail address: [email protected] (W.-Y. Sun). 1387-7003/$ - see front matter 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2004.12.006
Ligand L was prepared as reported previously [12], and complex 1 was synthesized by reaction of Cu (ClO4)2 Æ 6H2O, 4,4 0 -bipyridine and the macrocyclic ligand L in a molar ratio of 2:1:1 in aqueous methanol solution. 1 The structure of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. 2 As illustrated in Fig. 1, the cationic structure of 1 consists of a binuclear Cu(II) center, in which the two copper(II) atoms with a ˚ are bridged by a 4,4 0 -bipyridine separation of 10.95 A molecule. In addition, the Cu1 is coordinated by three N atoms from a diethylenetriamine unit of L and an O atom from a water molecule, however, no water mole1
Yield 40%. Analysis found: C, 41.95; H, 4.56; N, 8.46%. Calculated for C46H62Cl4Cu2N6O20: C, 41.95; H, 4.71; N, 8.51%. 2 Data collection were performed on a CCD Smart Apex Diffractometer with graphite monochromated Mo Ka radiation (k = 0.71073 0 ) at 293(2) K. The structure was solved by direct method using SHELXS-97 and refined by full-matrix least-square calculation on F2. Crystal data for 1: M = 1315.94, Monoclinic, space group P21/c, ˚ , b = 117.209(11), a = 19.385(17), b = 19.549(17), c = 17.727(16) A ˚ 3, Z = 1, l = 0.961 mm1, Dc = 1.1408 g cm3. 31,603 V = 5974(9) A reflections measured, 11,688 reflections observed. The final R1 (Rw) = 0.0574 (0.1221).
A.-R. Song et al. / Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189
Fig. 1. ORTEP drawing of the cationic [Cu2L(4,4 0 -bpy)(H2O)]4+ structure of 1, with thermal ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level. Anions, uncoordinated water molecules and hydrogen atoms were omitted for clarity.
cule coordinated to the Cu2. Thus the Cu1 is five-coordinated while the Cu2 is only four coordinated. The coordination geometry of Cu1 is distorted square pyra˚ above the plane demidal, in which Cu1 located 0.14 A fined by four coordinated atoms N1, N3, N4 and N5. And the coordination geometry of the Cu2 can be regarded as a little distorted square-planar, in which the ˚ above the plane defined by four Cu2 atom lies 0.01 A coordinated atoms N2, N6, N7 and N8. In the structure of the cationic unit, there are four phenyl planes and two pyridyl planes. Each pyridyl group is sandwiched between two phenyl planes (Fig. 1) with the dihedral an-
187
˚ gles of 3.8–6.4 and the distances of 3.42–3.47 A between the phenyl plane and pyridyl plane, which indicate the existence of face-to-face p–p interactions in complex 1. The macrocyclic cationic units are further connected by perchlorate anions through the N–H–O and C–H–O hydrogen bonds (Fig. 2). The N–O dis˚ , and the N–H–O tances of 3.137(5) and 3.212(5) A angles of 167 and 140 indicate the presence of N(3)– H(3C)–O(33) and N(8)–H(8A)–O(14)[a] ([a]1 + x, y, 1 + z) hydrogen bonds. The C–O distances of 3.403(6) ˚ , and the C–H–O angles of 163 and and 3.467(7) A 173 indicate the formation of C(43)–H(43)–O(11)[b] ([b]1 + x, 1.5 y, 0.5 + z) and C(45)–H(45)–O(31)[c] ([c]x, 1.5 y, 0.5 + z) hydrogen bonds. The synthesized complex was further characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry. The ES-MS of 1 in DMF solution displayed five peaks at 321.5, 343.1, 373.0, 403.0, 441.9 which are corresponding to [LCu (H2O)]2+, [L2HCu2]2+, [LHCu2(CH3CO2)]2+, [LCu2 (CH3CO2) 2]2+, [LHCu2(CH3OH)3ClO4]2+ (CH3OH containing 5% CH3CO2H was used as mobile phase), respectively. All these assignments are ensured by well agreement between the observed and calculated isotopic distributions. As a typical example, Fig. 3 shows comparison between the experimental and calculated isotopic distributions for the peaks at m/z = 403.0 and m/z = 441.9. Variable-temperature (1.8–300 K) magnetic susceptibility were measured with an applied magnetic field
Fig. 2. Hydrogen bonds indicated by dashed lines in 1.
Fig. 3. The observed (traces) and calculated (bars) isotopic distributions for the peaks at m/z = 403.0 (left) and m/z = 441.9 (right).
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A.-R. Song et al. / Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189 1.05
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Fig. 4. Plot of the temperature dependence of vMT (d) and vM (s) for the compound 1. Inset: plot of the temperature dependence of vM1 (n) for the compound 1 (per Cu2 unit).
H = 2 kOe for 1. As shown in Fig. 4, at room tempera3 1 ture, vMT per CuII 2 unit is equal to 0.80 cm K mol , which is very close with the spin-only value of 0.83 cm3 K mol1 assuming g = 2.1. Upon cooling from the room temperature, the vMT smoothly decreases to 0.78 cm3 K mol1 at 30 K, and then sharply decreases to 0.64 cm3 K mol1 at 1.8 K. This indicates that there exists a weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu(II) ions within the same macrocycle. In the whole temperature range, the susceptibility obeys Curie–Weiss law with C = 0.80 cm3 K mol1 and h = 0.74 K as shown in the inset of Fig. 4, indicating very weak antiferromagnetic exchange in this system. For this complex, the magnetic system can be described by the ˆ = 2JSˆ1Sˆ2). When the temperclassical dimer model (H ature independent parameter (TIP) was taken into account, the best fit to the data for 1 yielded g = 2.052(1), J = 0.424(4) P cm1 and TIP = 0.00006 6 with R = 5.45 · 10 ðR ¼ ½ðvM T Þcalcd ðvM T Þobs 2 = P 2 ðvM T Þobs Þ. The existence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu(II) could be explained by ˚ between the two Cu(II) the long distance of 10.95 A atoms and the large twist (the dihedral angle of 38.1) between the two pyridyl planes of the bridging 4,4 0 bipyridine. The title complex was further investigated by ESR spectral measurements in DMSO/water (v:v = 1:1) solution under different pH values at 110 K. As illustrated in Fig. 5, no obvious changes observed in the ESR spectra from pH 4.98 to 10.74 indicate that the Cu(II)-(4,4 0 bpy)-Cu(II) unit is stable in the solution in the above pH range, however, remarkably change was observed when the pH value decreases to 3.38, which indicates that the complex dissociated. In conclusion, a binuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic ligand and 4,4 0 -bipyridine bridge was syn-
3500
4000
H/G Fig. 5. ESR spectra for the compound 1 in the frozen water/DMSO (1:1 v:v) solution at 110 K under different pH.
thesized and its structure, magnetic property, pH dependent stability in solution were studied.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20231020) for financial support of this work.
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/ j.inoche.2004.12.006.
References [1] P. Cheng, S.P. Yan, C.Z. Xie, B. Zhao, X.Y. Chen, X.W. Liu, C.H. Li, D.Z. Liao, Z.H. Jiang, G.L. Wang, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. (2004) 2369. [2] T.B. Lu, S. Chen, Z.W. Mao, A.E. Martell, L.N. Ji, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 6 (2003) 1068. [3] T.B. Lu, H. Xiang, R.L. Luck, Z.W. Mao, X.M. Chen, L.N. Ji, Inorg. Chim. Acta 355 (2003) 229. [4] Y.Q. Sun, G.M. Yang, D.Z. Liao, Z.H. Jiang, S.P. Yan, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 6 (2003) 799. [5] Z.W. Mao, M.Q. Chen, X.S. Tan, J. Liu, W.X. Tang, Inorg. Chem. 34 (1995) 2889. [6] J.R. Morrow, W.C. Trogler, Inorg. Chem. 27 (1988) 3387. [7] J.-L. Pierre, P. Chautemps, S. Refaif, C. Beguin, A.E. Marzouki, G. Serratrice, E. Saint-Aman, P. Rey, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 (1995) 1965. [8] D. Volkmer, B. Hommerich, K. Griesar, W. Haase, B. Krebs, Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 3792. [9] S. Wang, M.H. Lee, R.P. Hausinger, P.A. Clark, D.E. Wilcox, R.A. Scott, Inorg. Chem. 33 (1994) 1589. [10] A.F. Kolodzlej, Prog. Inorg. Chem. 41 (1994) 493. [11] M.G.B. Drew, M. McCann, S.M. Nelson, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (1981) 1868. [12] X.-M. Ouyang, Z.-W. Li, T.-a. Okamura, Y.-Z. Li, W.-Y. Sun, W.-X. Tang, N. Ueyama, J. Solid State Chem. 177 (2004) 350.
A.-R. Song et al. / Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8 (2005) 186–189 [13] (a) Some examples of reported dinuclear copper(II) macrocyclic complexes: A.M. Schuitema, P.G. Aubel, I.A. Koval, M. Engelen, W.L. Driessen, J. Reedijk, M. Lutz, A.L. Spek, Inorg. Chim. Acta 355 (2003) 374; (b) M. Thirumavalavan, P. Akilan, M. Kandaswamy, K. Chinnakali, G.S. Kumar, H.K. Fun, Inorg. Chem. 42 (2003) 3308; (c) S. Carvalho, C. Cruz, R. Delgado, M.G.B. Drew, V. Felix, Dalton Trans. (2003) 4261;
189
(d) J. Gao, J.H. Reibenspies, A.E. Martell, Inorg. Chim. Acta 346 (2002) 67; (e) W.L. Driessen, P.J. Baesjou, J.E. Bol, H. Kooijman, A.L. Spek, J. Reedijk, Inorg. Chim. Acta 324 (2001) 16; (f) H.L. Zhu, L.M. Zheng, C.Y. Duan, X.Y. Huang, W.M. Bu, M.F. Wu, W.X. Tang, Polyhedron 17 (1998) 3909; (g) J.C. Colin, T. Mallah, Y. Journaux, F. Lloret, M. Julve, C. Bois, Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 4170.