- Email: [email protected]
Systematic review of interventions to address biological outcomes among children exposed to adversity
Abstracts / Psychoneuroendocrinology 83S (2017) 1–89
was superior to the conventional motor training, with effect sizes in the medium-to-high range (0.57–0.91). Conclusions: The findings from this pilot study suggest that body-oriented therapy can effectively influence the executive abilities in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, it is necessary to further research the impact of bodyoriented therapies on the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children. The research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 15-06-06491A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.319 Multi-trajectory modeling of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase responses to psychosocial stress: Links to preadolescent behavioral functioning and coping Jason Bendezu ∗ , Martha Wadsworth
Latent Class Mixed Models were utilized to examine the underlying latent structures of the diurnal rhythm. In addition, we explored the mean absolute errors resulting from traditional intercept and slope calculations across the individual cortisol profiles. Results: The Latent Class Mixed Models identified several profiles of the diurnal rhythm, with an entropy of 0.84. The most striking difference was reflected by profiles with a strong increase in cortisol release demonstrating a “bump” in the cortisol profile in the afternoon (after the midday nap), despite indifferent mean nap times. Linear simplifications of log transformed cortisol, however, led to large deviations, especially for profiles with cortisol bumps. Conclusion: Studying diurnal cortisol rhythm in young children demands data handling differently from older children or adults. Midday naps during the day, which are very common in young children, have a differentiated impact on cortisol excretion. Hence more research is warranted. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.321
Pennsylvania State University, USA E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Bendezu).
Systematic review of interventions to address biological outcomes among children exposed to adversity
Background: This study adopted a person-centered approach to identify preadolescent salivary cortisol (sC) and alpha-amylase (sAA) response trajectories and examine links to behavioral functioning and coping. Methods: Children (N = 151, 51.7% male) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and one of two randomly-assigned, post-TSST coping conditions: distraction and avoidance. Results: Multi-trajectory modeling yielded four child subgroups: low sC–Low sAA, High sC–Low sAA, Low sC–High sAA, and High sC–High sAA. Child internalizing and externalizing increased the likelihood of High sC–High sAA and Low sC–High sAA group membership, respectively. Low sC–Low sAA children demonstrated efficient sC recovery when primed with distraction and protracted sC recovery when primed with avoidance. However, for High sCHigh sAA children more likely to report internalizing, the opposite was true. Conclusions: Findings illustrate adjustment-linked variability in preadolescent sC-sAA stress responsivity that further articulates for whom effortful coping works to effectively manage stress physiology.
Sukhdip K. Purewal ∗ , Monica Bucci, Kadiatou Koita, Debora L. Oh
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.320 Specific diurnal cortisol profiles in early childhood Felix Deichmann ∗ , Bernhard Piskernik, Lieselotte Ahnert University of Vienna, Austria E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Deichmann). Background: Most research on the HPA axis has been done in adults, adolescents and older children, much less is known in early childhood. It remains thus unclear whether the diurnal rhythm of cortisol release in young children reveals similar characteristics, so that intercepts and slopes commonly used to describe adult diurnal cortisol profiles are applicable. Methods: In a sample of N = 182 children with ages ranging from 12 to 39 months, four salivary samples per child (around 8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m.) have been gathered on regular weekdays. Children’s waking hours and nap times were registered.
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Center for Youth Wellness, United States E-mail address: [email protected] (S.K. Purewal). Background: Childhood adversities negatively impact the biological systems of children and have been linked to poor health. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that address biological markers among children and adolescents impacted by adversity. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological Abstracts databases and additional sources (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched for English language studies published between January 2005 and December 2015. Articles with childhood adversity exposure, child-targeted intervention, experimental study design, and biological health outcome were further screened for. Approximately 29 of 1281 articles were selected for analysis. Studies were evaluated for bias using the Cochrane ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0 tools. Results: The majority of intervention studies (n = 20) addressed cortisol outcomes (cortisol level, cortisol reactivity, diurnal cortisol pattern) and twelve articles evaluated outcomes such as neurological outcomes, inflammatory cytokines, cardiac health measures, telomere length, physical growth, and chronic physical health conditions. Results demonstrate consistency in improving or stabilizing morning and diurnal cortisol, and show promise for improving brain development and telomere length in young children. Other outcome measures reported mixed findings. Factors such as greater adversity, earlier timing of intervention, more nurturant and less avoidant parenting, and greater intervention engagement played a role in intervention success. Conclusions: Researchers should address methodological issues to improve study quality, and explore mediators and longterm health implications of intervention effects. Practitioners should integrate lessons from the intervention sciences when designing programs to address the consequences of early adversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.322
was superior to the conventional motor training, with effect sizes in the medium-to-high range (0.57–0.91). Conclusions: The findings from this pilot study suggest that body-oriented therapy can effectively influence the executive abilities in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, it is necessary to further research the impact of bodyoriented therapies on the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children. The research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 15-06-06491A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.319 Multi-trajectory modeling of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase responses to psychosocial stress: Links to preadolescent behavioral functioning and coping Jason Bendezu ∗ , Martha Wadsworth
Latent Class Mixed Models were utilized to examine the underlying latent structures of the diurnal rhythm. In addition, we explored the mean absolute errors resulting from traditional intercept and slope calculations across the individual cortisol profiles. Results: The Latent Class Mixed Models identified several profiles of the diurnal rhythm, with an entropy of 0.84. The most striking difference was reflected by profiles with a strong increase in cortisol release demonstrating a “bump” in the cortisol profile in the afternoon (after the midday nap), despite indifferent mean nap times. Linear simplifications of log transformed cortisol, however, led to large deviations, especially for profiles with cortisol bumps. Conclusion: Studying diurnal cortisol rhythm in young children demands data handling differently from older children or adults. Midday naps during the day, which are very common in young children, have a differentiated impact on cortisol excretion. Hence more research is warranted. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.321
Pennsylvania State University, USA E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Bendezu).
Systematic review of interventions to address biological outcomes among children exposed to adversity
Background: This study adopted a person-centered approach to identify preadolescent salivary cortisol (sC) and alpha-amylase (sAA) response trajectories and examine links to behavioral functioning and coping. Methods: Children (N = 151, 51.7% male) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and one of two randomly-assigned, post-TSST coping conditions: distraction and avoidance. Results: Multi-trajectory modeling yielded four child subgroups: low sC–Low sAA, High sC–Low sAA, Low sC–High sAA, and High sC–High sAA. Child internalizing and externalizing increased the likelihood of High sC–High sAA and Low sC–High sAA group membership, respectively. Low sC–Low sAA children demonstrated efficient sC recovery when primed with distraction and protracted sC recovery when primed with avoidance. However, for High sCHigh sAA children more likely to report internalizing, the opposite was true. Conclusions: Findings illustrate adjustment-linked variability in preadolescent sC-sAA stress responsivity that further articulates for whom effortful coping works to effectively manage stress physiology.
Sukhdip K. Purewal ∗ , Monica Bucci, Kadiatou Koita, Debora L. Oh
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.320 Specific diurnal cortisol profiles in early childhood Felix Deichmann ∗ , Bernhard Piskernik, Lieselotte Ahnert University of Vienna, Austria E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Deichmann). Background: Most research on the HPA axis has been done in adults, adolescents and older children, much less is known in early childhood. It remains thus unclear whether the diurnal rhythm of cortisol release in young children reveals similar characteristics, so that intercepts and slopes commonly used to describe adult diurnal cortisol profiles are applicable. Methods: In a sample of N = 182 children with ages ranging from 12 to 39 months, four salivary samples per child (around 8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m.) have been gathered on regular weekdays. Children’s waking hours and nap times were registered.
31
Center for Youth Wellness, United States E-mail address: [email protected] (S.K. Purewal). Background: Childhood adversities negatively impact the biological systems of children and have been linked to poor health. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that address biological markers among children and adolescents impacted by adversity. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological Abstracts databases and additional sources (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched for English language studies published between January 2005 and December 2015. Articles with childhood adversity exposure, child-targeted intervention, experimental study design, and biological health outcome were further screened for. Approximately 29 of 1281 articles were selected for analysis. Studies were evaluated for bias using the Cochrane ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0 tools. Results: The majority of intervention studies (n = 20) addressed cortisol outcomes (cortisol level, cortisol reactivity, diurnal cortisol pattern) and twelve articles evaluated outcomes such as neurological outcomes, inflammatory cytokines, cardiac health measures, telomere length, physical growth, and chronic physical health conditions. Results demonstrate consistency in improving or stabilizing morning and diurnal cortisol, and show promise for improving brain development and telomere length in young children. Other outcome measures reported mixed findings. Factors such as greater adversity, earlier timing of intervention, more nurturant and less avoidant parenting, and greater intervention engagement played a role in intervention success. Conclusions: Researchers should address methodological issues to improve study quality, and explore mediators and longterm health implications of intervention effects. Practitioners should integrate lessons from the intervention sciences when designing programs to address the consequences of early adversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.322