- Email: [email protected]
Tamarind kernel powder as ingredient culture medium for mass production of spirulina
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S558–S576
to understand photosynthetic metabolism on different trophic conditions. References Kurian, D., Jansen, T., Maenpaa, P., 2006. Proteomic analysis of heterotrophy in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Smith, A.J., 1982. Modes of cyanobacterial carbon metabolism. In: Carr, N.G., Whitton, B.A. (Eds.), The Biology of Cyanobacteria. Blackwell Scienti¢c, Oxford, pp. 47–85. Stal, L.J., Moezelaar, R., 1997. Fermentation in Cyanobacteria, pp.184–191.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1345 VI4-P-038 Antioxident, immunomodulatory and anticancer activity of fucoidan isolated from Fucus vesiculosus Jae Gun Han ∗ , Abdul Qadir Syed, Minchul Kwon, Ji Hye Ha, Hyeon Yong Lee College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea Many polysaccharides obtained from natural sources are considered to be biological response modifiers and have been shown to enhance various immune responses and anticancer activity (Percival and McDowell, 1967; Painter, 1983). Fucoidan, highmolecular-weight sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds, have various biological activities (Zhuang et al., 1995; Jhamandas et al., 2005). Here, we investigated the antioxidant, immunomodulating and anticancer effects of and fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus in vitro. The percentage of DPPH inhibition was depended on dose dependent manner of fucoidan and it was 45.1% at the concentration 1 mg/mL of fucoidan. When human B and T cell were treated with various concentrations of fucoidan (0.2–1 mg/mL) for 48 h, the B and T cell growth were significantly increased. NK cell after adding of fucoidan treated B cell extract enhanced cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The secretion of cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-alfa) from human B and T cell were also enhanced. The fucoidan showed very good anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human gastric cancer cell line (AGS). The percentage inhibition of A549 and AGS were 57% and 63% respectively at 1 mg/mL concentration. Fucoidan showed very less cytotoxicity in human kidney cell (HEK293). These results indicate that fucoidan has antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. This finding may contribute a potential use of fucoidan in nutraceutical and/or supplements. References Jhamandas, J.H., Wie, M.B., Harris, K., MacTavish, K.D., Kar, S., 2005. Fucoidan inhibits cellular and neurotoxic effects of -amyloid (A) in rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 21, 2649–2659. Painter, T.J., 1983. Algal polysaccharides. In: Aspinall, G.O. (Ed.), The Polysaccharides 2. Academic Press, London, pp. 195–285. Percival, E., McDowell, R.H., 1967. Chemistry and Enzymology of Marine Algal Polysaccharides. Academic Press, New York, pp.157-175. Zhuang, C., Itoh, H., Mizuno, T., Ito, H., 1995. Antitumor active fucoidan from the brown seaweed, umitoranoo (Sargassum thunbergii). Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 563–567.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1346
S571
VI4-P-039 Tamarind kernel powder as ingredient culture medium for mass production of spirulina Surawut Sangmanee, Thidarat Eksittikul ∗ Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Eksittikul). Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a blue–green microalgae, has been reported as the only natural source providing the high content of protein containing with all of the essential amino acids (Http, 2003). Spirulina also contains unique phytonutrients compounds like phycocyanin, polysaccharides and sulfolipids which are potential health benefits and useful therapeutics agent (SPL, 2008). In Thailand, spirulina has been produced commercial under a Thai name “Kleawthong”. The low-cost medium for spirulina production using the local agricultural by-product of Thailand was developed. The seed kernels extracted from three different kinds of legumes were used as ingredient in the culture medium and was evaluated for promoting growth compared with medium containing 0.1% (w/v) soybean extracted (CMU-formula) (Peerapornpisal et al., 1992). The various percentages of seed kernels extracted and the strength of basal salt media were studied in 5 l plastic bags at outdoor condition and the cultures were aerated by air pump. The growth curve and morphology were investigated using spectrophotometer and microscope, respectively. Biomasses and the protein content were determined (Lowry et al., 1951). The protein was further isolated by column chromatography. The spectrums of photosynthetic isolated pigments were compared with the commercial product. The results showed that only the tamarind seed extracted was promoted the growth of spirulina. The medium containing 0.1% (w/v) of tamarind seed extracted in 1/2 strength of basal salt (F1 ) was significantly promoted the growth 5 time more than the control medium (CMU-formula) at 18 days cultivation. However, the biomass (dry weight) of F3 (0.2%, w/v of tamarind seed extracted in one strength of basal salt) was 3.698 g l−1 or 1.73 times of control. This study indicated that tamarind kernel powder was a potential source for the development of the low-cost medium for spirulina production. The spectrum of photosynthetic pigment was similar to the commercial product. Keywords: Tamarind
Arthrospira platensis; Mass production; Spirulina;
References Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 267–275. http://www.spirulinasource.com/earthoodch2a.html. Retrieved on 2003-10-25. Peerapornpisal, Y., Loapongpich, V., Sawaddiraksa, S., Promkutkaew, S., Paliwanich, M., 1992. Mass culture of Spirulina platensis. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiangmai University, Thailand. http://www.spirulina.com/SPLNews97.html. Spirulina Health Library Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1347
to understand photosynthetic metabolism on different trophic conditions. References Kurian, D., Jansen, T., Maenpaa, P., 2006. Proteomic analysis of heterotrophy in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Smith, A.J., 1982. Modes of cyanobacterial carbon metabolism. In: Carr, N.G., Whitton, B.A. (Eds.), The Biology of Cyanobacteria. Blackwell Scienti¢c, Oxford, pp. 47–85. Stal, L.J., Moezelaar, R., 1997. Fermentation in Cyanobacteria, pp.184–191.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1345 VI4-P-038 Antioxident, immunomodulatory and anticancer activity of fucoidan isolated from Fucus vesiculosus Jae Gun Han ∗ , Abdul Qadir Syed, Minchul Kwon, Ji Hye Ha, Hyeon Yong Lee College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea Many polysaccharides obtained from natural sources are considered to be biological response modifiers and have been shown to enhance various immune responses and anticancer activity (Percival and McDowell, 1967; Painter, 1983). Fucoidan, highmolecular-weight sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds, have various biological activities (Zhuang et al., 1995; Jhamandas et al., 2005). Here, we investigated the antioxidant, immunomodulating and anticancer effects of and fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus in vitro. The percentage of DPPH inhibition was depended on dose dependent manner of fucoidan and it was 45.1% at the concentration 1 mg/mL of fucoidan. When human B and T cell were treated with various concentrations of fucoidan (0.2–1 mg/mL) for 48 h, the B and T cell growth were significantly increased. NK cell after adding of fucoidan treated B cell extract enhanced cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The secretion of cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-alfa) from human B and T cell were also enhanced. The fucoidan showed very good anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human gastric cancer cell line (AGS). The percentage inhibition of A549 and AGS were 57% and 63% respectively at 1 mg/mL concentration. Fucoidan showed very less cytotoxicity in human kidney cell (HEK293). These results indicate that fucoidan has antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. This finding may contribute a potential use of fucoidan in nutraceutical and/or supplements. References Jhamandas, J.H., Wie, M.B., Harris, K., MacTavish, K.D., Kar, S., 2005. Fucoidan inhibits cellular and neurotoxic effects of -amyloid (A) in rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 21, 2649–2659. Painter, T.J., 1983. Algal polysaccharides. In: Aspinall, G.O. (Ed.), The Polysaccharides 2. Academic Press, London, pp. 195–285. Percival, E., McDowell, R.H., 1967. Chemistry and Enzymology of Marine Algal Polysaccharides. Academic Press, New York, pp.157-175. Zhuang, C., Itoh, H., Mizuno, T., Ito, H., 1995. Antitumor active fucoidan from the brown seaweed, umitoranoo (Sargassum thunbergii). Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 563–567.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1346
S571
VI4-P-039 Tamarind kernel powder as ingredient culture medium for mass production of spirulina Surawut Sangmanee, Thidarat Eksittikul ∗ Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Eksittikul). Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a blue–green microalgae, has been reported as the only natural source providing the high content of protein containing with all of the essential amino acids (Http, 2003). Spirulina also contains unique phytonutrients compounds like phycocyanin, polysaccharides and sulfolipids which are potential health benefits and useful therapeutics agent (SPL, 2008). In Thailand, spirulina has been produced commercial under a Thai name “Kleawthong”. The low-cost medium for spirulina production using the local agricultural by-product of Thailand was developed. The seed kernels extracted from three different kinds of legumes were used as ingredient in the culture medium and was evaluated for promoting growth compared with medium containing 0.1% (w/v) soybean extracted (CMU-formula) (Peerapornpisal et al., 1992). The various percentages of seed kernels extracted and the strength of basal salt media were studied in 5 l plastic bags at outdoor condition and the cultures were aerated by air pump. The growth curve and morphology were investigated using spectrophotometer and microscope, respectively. Biomasses and the protein content were determined (Lowry et al., 1951). The protein was further isolated by column chromatography. The spectrums of photosynthetic isolated pigments were compared with the commercial product. The results showed that only the tamarind seed extracted was promoted the growth of spirulina. The medium containing 0.1% (w/v) of tamarind seed extracted in 1/2 strength of basal salt (F1 ) was significantly promoted the growth 5 time more than the control medium (CMU-formula) at 18 days cultivation. However, the biomass (dry weight) of F3 (0.2%, w/v of tamarind seed extracted in one strength of basal salt) was 3.698 g l−1 or 1.73 times of control. This study indicated that tamarind kernel powder was a potential source for the development of the low-cost medium for spirulina production. The spectrum of photosynthetic pigment was similar to the commercial product. Keywords: Tamarind
Arthrospira platensis; Mass production; Spirulina;
References Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 267–275. http://www.spirulinasource.com/earthoodch2a.html. Retrieved on 2003-10-25. Peerapornpisal, Y., Loapongpich, V., Sawaddiraksa, S., Promkutkaew, S., Paliwanich, M., 1992. Mass culture of Spirulina platensis. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiangmai University, Thailand. http://www.spirulina.com/SPLNews97.html. Spirulina Health Library Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1347