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Tanso 211 abstracts
Carbon 42 (2004) 907–908 www.elsevier.com/locate/carbon
Tanso 211––Abstracts Carbonization of used paper and characterization of the resulting material by Kazunori Yamazaki*, Daisuke Ogasawara*, Takao Imanishi** and Mitsuhiro Sakawa* *Kochi University of Technology: Tosayamada 782-8502, Japan **Kochi Prefectural Forest Tosayamada 782-0078, Japan
Technology
Center:
We produced porous carbon from used paper as a basis for plant growth. Plants can grow on the carbon because it has a great deal of porosity. We studied how the pores are generated in process of carbonization. The pores are very important to the growth of the plants. The pores also have a great effect on the handling strength of the carbon. Therefore we investigated the relation between strength and the porosity or density. In addition, the carbonization process was examined from the standpoint of volatilization. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 4–9]
The use of charcoal board produced by binding charcoal powder as a countermeasure against ‘‘Indoor Air Pollution’’ and the removal capability of the charcoal board for harmful gases were examined. The charcoal board produced from charcoal carbonized at 500 °C removed ammonia and formaldehyde very well, and that made at 900 °C removed benzene, toluene and formaldehyde very well. The charcoal board mixed charcoal carbonized at 500 °C and that at 900 °C sufficiently removed all gases. Furthermore, the charcoal board also showed satisfactory removal effects in a model test room. The charcoal board can decrease indoor pollutants and may provide a good environment for patients, such as ‘‘Sick Building Syndrome’’ and ‘‘Chemical Sensitivity’’. It is expected that the problem of indoor air pollution can be solved by using the charcoal board. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 10–15]
Carbonization of acrylic resin with zinc ion by Keisuke Takayama*, Yoshimi Seida**, Junichi Ozaki*** and Yoshio Nakano****
Countermeasure against indoor air pollution using charcoal board by Takashi Asada*,**#, Akifumi Yamada**, Shigehisa Ishihara***, Toru Komatsu****, Ryusuke Nishimaki****, Tatsu Taira***** and Kikuo Oikawa*
*Graduate School of Materials Science, Shibaura institute of Technology: 3-9-14 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8548, Japan
*Department of Environmental and Safety Sciences, Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences: 265-1 Higashijima, Niitsu, Niigata 956-0841, Japan
**Kashiwa Laboratory, Institute of Research and Innovation: 1201 Takada, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0861, Japan
**Nagaoka University of Technology: 1603-1 Kamitomioka-cyo, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
***Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University: 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 3768515, Japan
*** Kyoto University: 3-23-12 Tenjin, Nagaoka-kyo, Kyoto 617-0824, Japan ****Sanei Kensetsu: 2504 Hounou, Tsuru, Yamanashi 402-0025, Japan
****Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Environmental Process Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology: 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
*****Daisyo Corporation: 6-28-12 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0013, Japan
The carbonization behavior of the acrylic cation exchange resin with zinc ions was investigated as a
doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.060
Minamioi,
908
Tanso 211––Abstracts / Carbon 42 (2004) 907–908
function of the introduced amount of zinc ion, carbonization temperature (773–1073 K) and the atmospheric gas (CO2, H2, N2) during the carbonization. The carbonization of the resin that occurs along with liquefaction of the resin in the absence of zinc shifted to solid phase carbonization according on the increase of introduced zinc ion. The resins carbonized in CO2 and H2 with small zinc content produced the irregular shaped carbon with a glassy surface and dispersed zinc oxide but with small specific surface area and pore volume. The resin carbonized in CO2 with large zinc content resulted in macro porous carbon keeping the initial shape and inner morphology of the precursor resin. The samples carbonized with small zinc content showed small H2 adsorption capacity with very small specific surface areas measured by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The samples carbonized with high zinc content showed a large specific surface area and their H2 adsorption capacity was high in the sample with high specific surface area. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 16–20]
Carbonization and activation techniques for production of carbonaceous adsorbent by Ikuo Abe Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute: 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan The present paper reviews carbonization and activation techniques for the production of carbonaceous adsorbents with the optimal properties for their intended purpose. The physical adsorption ability of the adsorbent increases with increase in specific surface area and with decrease in mean pore diameter. The chemical adsorption properties of the adsorbent are affected by surface functional groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, which influence the adsorption behavior of ionic compounds by dissociating into ions in aqueous solution. Regarding carbonization techniques, the paper discusses the pore-size distribution of charcoals pre-
pared from various types of wood, the effect of carbonization temperature and gas atmosphere on the physical adsorption properties and on the surface functional groups of charcoal, and the effect of raw material other than wood. Regarding activation techniques, the basic principle of the steam activation method and the effect of activation conditions on poresize distribution are discussed. In addition, the characteristics of the new air activation method are described. Regarding chemical activation, an outline is given of the characteristics of the alkali activation method, which produces activated carbon with high surface area. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 21–29]
Development of composites with single-wall carbon nanotube and knowledge-systematization technique by Reiji Mezaki Nanomaterials Center, Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo: 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan For the purpose of designing a new automobile-body composite materiala with light-weight and extremely high mechanical strength, the knowledge-systematization technique was employed. Single-wall carbon nanotubes are ideally suited as a guest material for the composite in terms of weight and mechanical strength. The basic procedure of the technique consists of obtaining relationships among plausible mechanisms for development of properties and functions, processing conditions for fabrication and the characteristics and functions of the resulting material. The employment of the technique provides us with information relating to the fundamental structure of the material as well as key points which must be considered to attain the goal of the development. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 30–35]
Tanso 211––Abstracts Carbonization of used paper and characterization of the resulting material by Kazunori Yamazaki*, Daisuke Ogasawara*, Takao Imanishi** and Mitsuhiro Sakawa* *Kochi University of Technology: Tosayamada 782-8502, Japan **Kochi Prefectural Forest Tosayamada 782-0078, Japan
Technology
Center:
We produced porous carbon from used paper as a basis for plant growth. Plants can grow on the carbon because it has a great deal of porosity. We studied how the pores are generated in process of carbonization. The pores are very important to the growth of the plants. The pores also have a great effect on the handling strength of the carbon. Therefore we investigated the relation between strength and the porosity or density. In addition, the carbonization process was examined from the standpoint of volatilization. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 4–9]
The use of charcoal board produced by binding charcoal powder as a countermeasure against ‘‘Indoor Air Pollution’’ and the removal capability of the charcoal board for harmful gases were examined. The charcoal board produced from charcoal carbonized at 500 °C removed ammonia and formaldehyde very well, and that made at 900 °C removed benzene, toluene and formaldehyde very well. The charcoal board mixed charcoal carbonized at 500 °C and that at 900 °C sufficiently removed all gases. Furthermore, the charcoal board also showed satisfactory removal effects in a model test room. The charcoal board can decrease indoor pollutants and may provide a good environment for patients, such as ‘‘Sick Building Syndrome’’ and ‘‘Chemical Sensitivity’’. It is expected that the problem of indoor air pollution can be solved by using the charcoal board. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 10–15]
Carbonization of acrylic resin with zinc ion by Keisuke Takayama*, Yoshimi Seida**, Junichi Ozaki*** and Yoshio Nakano****
Countermeasure against indoor air pollution using charcoal board by Takashi Asada*,**#, Akifumi Yamada**, Shigehisa Ishihara***, Toru Komatsu****, Ryusuke Nishimaki****, Tatsu Taira***** and Kikuo Oikawa*
*Graduate School of Materials Science, Shibaura institute of Technology: 3-9-14 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8548, Japan
*Department of Environmental and Safety Sciences, Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences: 265-1 Higashijima, Niitsu, Niigata 956-0841, Japan
**Kashiwa Laboratory, Institute of Research and Innovation: 1201 Takada, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0861, Japan
**Nagaoka University of Technology: 1603-1 Kamitomioka-cyo, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
***Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University: 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 3768515, Japan
*** Kyoto University: 3-23-12 Tenjin, Nagaoka-kyo, Kyoto 617-0824, Japan ****Sanei Kensetsu: 2504 Hounou, Tsuru, Yamanashi 402-0025, Japan
****Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Environmental Process Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology: 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
*****Daisyo Corporation: 6-28-12 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0013, Japan
The carbonization behavior of the acrylic cation exchange resin with zinc ions was investigated as a
doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.060
Minamioi,
908
Tanso 211––Abstracts / Carbon 42 (2004) 907–908
function of the introduced amount of zinc ion, carbonization temperature (773–1073 K) and the atmospheric gas (CO2, H2, N2) during the carbonization. The carbonization of the resin that occurs along with liquefaction of the resin in the absence of zinc shifted to solid phase carbonization according on the increase of introduced zinc ion. The resins carbonized in CO2 and H2 with small zinc content produced the irregular shaped carbon with a glassy surface and dispersed zinc oxide but with small specific surface area and pore volume. The resin carbonized in CO2 with large zinc content resulted in macro porous carbon keeping the initial shape and inner morphology of the precursor resin. The samples carbonized with small zinc content showed small H2 adsorption capacity with very small specific surface areas measured by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The samples carbonized with high zinc content showed a large specific surface area and their H2 adsorption capacity was high in the sample with high specific surface area. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 16–20]
Carbonization and activation techniques for production of carbonaceous adsorbent by Ikuo Abe Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute: 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan The present paper reviews carbonization and activation techniques for the production of carbonaceous adsorbents with the optimal properties for their intended purpose. The physical adsorption ability of the adsorbent increases with increase in specific surface area and with decrease in mean pore diameter. The chemical adsorption properties of the adsorbent are affected by surface functional groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, which influence the adsorption behavior of ionic compounds by dissociating into ions in aqueous solution. Regarding carbonization techniques, the paper discusses the pore-size distribution of charcoals pre-
pared from various types of wood, the effect of carbonization temperature and gas atmosphere on the physical adsorption properties and on the surface functional groups of charcoal, and the effect of raw material other than wood. Regarding activation techniques, the basic principle of the steam activation method and the effect of activation conditions on poresize distribution are discussed. In addition, the characteristics of the new air activation method are described. Regarding chemical activation, an outline is given of the characteristics of the alkali activation method, which produces activated carbon with high surface area. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 21–29]
Development of composites with single-wall carbon nanotube and knowledge-systematization technique by Reiji Mezaki Nanomaterials Center, Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo: 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan For the purpose of designing a new automobile-body composite materiala with light-weight and extremely high mechanical strength, the knowledge-systematization technique was employed. Single-wall carbon nanotubes are ideally suited as a guest material for the composite in terms of weight and mechanical strength. The basic procedure of the technique consists of obtaining relationships among plausible mechanisms for development of properties and functions, processing conditions for fabrication and the characteristics and functions of the resulting material. The employment of the technique provides us with information relating to the fundamental structure of the material as well as key points which must be considered to attain the goal of the development. [TANSO 2004 (No. 211) 30–35]