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Temperature and oxygen consumption of Orchomenella chilensis (Heller) (Amphipoda: Gammeroidea)
OCEANOGRAPHIC ABSTRACTS This section contains a group of abstracts of current papers on general oceanography and related subjects. Together with the oceanographic bibliography it will provide a full and comprehensive service to scientists engaged in deep-sea research and oceanography in general. For ease of reference the names of authors are arranged in alphabetical order.
ARMrrAGE, K. B. 1962. Temperature and oxygen consumption of Orchomenella chilensis (Heller) (Amphipoda: Gammeroidea). Biol. Bull. 123(2): 225-232. 1. The rate of oxygen consumption of the antarctic amphipod Orchomonella chilensis (Heller) was determined over a graded temperature series from --1-8 ° to 12°c. 2. The regression coefficients of double-log plots of rate: weight and weight-specific rate: weight were temperature-dependent. The correlation coefficients between size and rates of consumption were highly significant and varied significantly with temperature. Qlo varied with size. 3. The acutely deternained R-T curve shows some regulation between -- 1.8 ° and 6°C. Metabolic compensation was evident.
ARNOLD,Z. M. 1962. A high-speed plankton sampler for manual operation. Micropaleontology 8(4): 515-518. The design, construction and use of an inexpensive manually-controlled plankton sampler is described. Fabricated in a plaster mold from polyester resin reinforced by glass fibers, the 15-inch long casing, together with its internal cone of bolting silk, weighs but 14 ounces. Towed at speeds up to 17 knots during a trans-Atlantic crossing aboard a commercial freighter, it successfully collected a variety of planktonic organisms, including living globigerinids with extended pseudopodia and intact spines. ARUGA, Y. and M. MoNsI 1962. Primary production in the northwestern part of the Pacific off Honshu, Japan. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 18(2): 85-94. The primary productivity in the northwestern Pacific was discussed on the basis of the results obtained during the summer cruise in 1961. 1) Vertical stratification of phytoplankton was clearly recognized in the Oyashio area as well as in the Kuroshio area. The maximal chlorophyll concentration occurred at the depth where the light intensity was reduced to ca. 10% or slightly less than at the surface. The chlorophyll amount for the entire euphotic zone in the Kuroshio area, the Oyashio area, and the mixed water region was 25-45, 50-70, and 40-55 mg/m 2, respectively. In a littoral region of the Kuroshio it was ca. 120 mg/m~. 2) Differentiation of photosynthetic pattern into sun and shade types, and light inhibition in photosynthesis were evidently observed, the facts being in good accordance with the results in 1960. 3) Photosynthetic rate for the surface samples from the Kuroshio, the Oyashio, and the mixed water region was at an optimal light intensity of 0.6-2.0, 3.5-6.0, and 2.2-4.0 mgC/ chl.mg/h, respectively. 4.) Daily gross production for the entire euphotic zone was estimated by the chlorophyll method. The values calculated for three weather conditions, dear, slightly clouded, and clouded, were respectively 0.36, 0.29, and 0.16 gC/m2/day in the Kuroshio area, and 0.83, 0.72, and 0.49 gC/m2/day in the Oyashio area. 5) The Kuroshio area differed markedly from the Oyashio area in the concentration of phosphate in waters. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the sea water was anomalously small over all the areas surveyed, especially in the Kuroshio area. Such nutrient conditions might be responsible in part for the difference between the Kuroshio and the Oyashio areas in photosynthetic rate and standing crop of phytoplankton, and consequently in the primary productivity. BACKUS, G. E. 1962. The effect of the earth's rotation on the propagation of ocean waves over long distances. Deep-Sea Res. 9(3): 185-197. The theory of group velocity is generalized to waves on curved surfaces, and applied to calculating the effect of the earth's rotation on the trajectory and wave vector of a wave packet whose waves have lengths much less than the radius of the earth and periods much less than one day. A geometrical description of the perturbed trajectory is given. If f2 is the angular velocity of the earth, g gravity, h the ocean depth, and k and ~o the wave number and frequency, the effects are of the order of ~ (h/g) ~and independent of co for shallow water waves; they are of the order of f~/o~for deep water waves; and they are largest for waves with kh + 1.878973. 673
ARMrrAGE, K. B. 1962. Temperature and oxygen consumption of Orchomenella chilensis (Heller) (Amphipoda: Gammeroidea). Biol. Bull. 123(2): 225-232. 1. The rate of oxygen consumption of the antarctic amphipod Orchomonella chilensis (Heller) was determined over a graded temperature series from --1-8 ° to 12°c. 2. The regression coefficients of double-log plots of rate: weight and weight-specific rate: weight were temperature-dependent. The correlation coefficients between size and rates of consumption were highly significant and varied significantly with temperature. Qlo varied with size. 3. The acutely deternained R-T curve shows some regulation between -- 1.8 ° and 6°C. Metabolic compensation was evident.
ARNOLD,Z. M. 1962. A high-speed plankton sampler for manual operation. Micropaleontology 8(4): 515-518. The design, construction and use of an inexpensive manually-controlled plankton sampler is described. Fabricated in a plaster mold from polyester resin reinforced by glass fibers, the 15-inch long casing, together with its internal cone of bolting silk, weighs but 14 ounces. Towed at speeds up to 17 knots during a trans-Atlantic crossing aboard a commercial freighter, it successfully collected a variety of planktonic organisms, including living globigerinids with extended pseudopodia and intact spines. ARUGA, Y. and M. MoNsI 1962. Primary production in the northwestern part of the Pacific off Honshu, Japan. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 18(2): 85-94. The primary productivity in the northwestern Pacific was discussed on the basis of the results obtained during the summer cruise in 1961. 1) Vertical stratification of phytoplankton was clearly recognized in the Oyashio area as well as in the Kuroshio area. The maximal chlorophyll concentration occurred at the depth where the light intensity was reduced to ca. 10% or slightly less than at the surface. The chlorophyll amount for the entire euphotic zone in the Kuroshio area, the Oyashio area, and the mixed water region was 25-45, 50-70, and 40-55 mg/m 2, respectively. In a littoral region of the Kuroshio it was ca. 120 mg/m~. 2) Differentiation of photosynthetic pattern into sun and shade types, and light inhibition in photosynthesis were evidently observed, the facts being in good accordance with the results in 1960. 3) Photosynthetic rate for the surface samples from the Kuroshio, the Oyashio, and the mixed water region was at an optimal light intensity of 0.6-2.0, 3.5-6.0, and 2.2-4.0 mgC/ chl.mg/h, respectively. 4.) Daily gross production for the entire euphotic zone was estimated by the chlorophyll method. The values calculated for three weather conditions, dear, slightly clouded, and clouded, were respectively 0.36, 0.29, and 0.16 gC/m2/day in the Kuroshio area, and 0.83, 0.72, and 0.49 gC/m2/day in the Oyashio area. 5) The Kuroshio area differed markedly from the Oyashio area in the concentration of phosphate in waters. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the sea water was anomalously small over all the areas surveyed, especially in the Kuroshio area. Such nutrient conditions might be responsible in part for the difference between the Kuroshio and the Oyashio areas in photosynthetic rate and standing crop of phytoplankton, and consequently in the primary productivity. BACKUS, G. E. 1962. The effect of the earth's rotation on the propagation of ocean waves over long distances. Deep-Sea Res. 9(3): 185-197. The theory of group velocity is generalized to waves on curved surfaces, and applied to calculating the effect of the earth's rotation on the trajectory and wave vector of a wave packet whose waves have lengths much less than the radius of the earth and periods much less than one day. A geometrical description of the perturbed trajectory is given. If f2 is the angular velocity of the earth, g gravity, h the ocean depth, and k and ~o the wave number and frequency, the effects are of the order of ~ (h/g) ~and independent of co for shallow water waves; they are of the order of f~/o~for deep water waves; and they are largest for waves with kh + 1.878973. 673