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Terbutaline Sulfate
Terbutaline Sulfate 765
in animals. Facial pruritus has been observed in some treated cats. In people, a persistent taste disturbance, GI problems, and headache have been reported. Contraindications and Precautions No contraindications have been reported for animals. Drug Interactions No drug interactions have been reported in animals.
Instructions for Use Treatment of dogs and cats requires much higher doses compared with doses used in people. Despite the in vitro activity of terbinafine against many fungi and the favorable pharmacokinetics in dogs and cats, the clinical results have not consistently produced clinical resolution in some patients.
Patient Monitoring and Laboratory Tests No specific monitoring is necessary.
Formulations • Terbinafine is available in 250-mg tablets, 1% topical solution, and 1% topical cream.
Stability and Storage Store in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, and at room temperature. Terbinafine is slightly soluble in water and alcohol. When suspensions have been prepared from crushed tablets in a vehicle (Ora-Sweet), it was stable for 42 days.
Small Animal Dosage Dogs • 30-40 mg/kg q24h PO (with food) for 2-3 weeks. Cats • 30-40 mg/kg/day PO for at least 2 weeks. Or, administer one-quarter tablet for small cats (62.5 mg), one-half tablet for medium-size cats (125 mg), and one tablet for large cats (250 mg), all administered once daily.
Large Animal Dosage There are no effective doses reported for large animals. It is not effective for horses.
Regulatory Information Withdrawal times are not established for animals that produce food. For extralabel use withdrawal interval estimates, contact Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) at 1-888-USFARAD (1-888-873-2723).
Terbutaline Sulfate ter-byoo’tah-leen sul’fate
Trade and other names: Brethine and Bricanyl Functional classification: Bronchodilator, beta agonist
766 Terbutaline Sulfate
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action Beta2-adrenergic agonist. Bronchodilator. Stimulates beta2-receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle. Terbutaline is more beta2 specific than drugs such as isoproterenol. Other beta2-specific drugs include albuterol and metaproterenol. In addition to the beta2 effects to relax bronchial smooth muscle and relieve bronchospasm, the beta2agonists may inhibit release of inflammatory mediators, especially from mast cells.
Indications and Clinical Uses Terbutaline, like other beta2-agonists, is indicated in animals with reversible bronchoconstriction, such as cats with bronchial asthma. It also has been used in dogs to relieve bronchoconstriction and in animals with bronchitis and other airway diseases. It has been used in horses for short-term administration, by injection, to relieve brohchoconstriction associated with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Use in animals has been primarily derived from empirical use and experience in humans. There are no wellcontrolled clinical studies or efficacy trials to document clinical effectiveness. Albuterol injection may be used as an alternative for terbutaline injection (4 mcg/kg bolus up to 8 mcg/kg as needed). Terbutaline is not absorbed by the oral route in horses; therefore it is not effective in horses for oral administration. Clenbuterol usually is the drug of choice for horses.
Precautionary Information Adverse Reactions and Side Effects Excessive beta-adrenergic stimulation from terbutaline at high doses results in tachycardia and muscle tremors. Arrhythmias are possible with high doses. All beta2-agonists will inhibit uterine contractions at the end of gestation in pregnant animals. High doses of beta2-agonists can lead to hypokalemia because they stimulate Na1-K1-ATPase and increase intracellular K1 while decreasing serum K1 and producing hyperglycemia. Treatment consists of KCl supplement at a rate of 0.5 mEq/kg/hr. Contraindications and Precautions Administer cautiously to animals with cardiac disease, particularly animals that may be susceptible to tachyarrhythmias. Do not use late in gestation unless the intended effect is to delay uterine contractions. Drug Interactions Use cautiously with other drugs that may stimulate the heart and cause tachycardia.
Instructions for Use May be administered PO, IM, or SQ. Terbutaline (and other beta2-agonists) have also been used in people to delay labor (dose in people is 2.5 mg q6h PO). Other beta2-agonists used in animals for relief of bronchoconstriction include albuterol and salmeterol. Animals with acute bronchoconstriction also may benefit from corticosteroid treatment and oxygen therapy. Caution should be used when administering repeated SQ doses. The maximum SQ dose in people is 500 mcg/person (0.5 mg) within a 4-hour period.
Patient Monitoring and Laboratory Tests Monitor heart rate in animals during treatment. Monitor potassium concentration if high doses are administered.
Formulations • Terbutaline is available in 2.5- and 5-mg tablets and 1 mg vials with a concentration of 1-mg/mL, 1-mL for injection.
Testosterone 767
Stability and Storage Store in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, and at room temperature. Terbutaline sulfate is soluble in water. Solutions may be subject to degradation. Observe for color change, and discard if solution turns a dark color. Suspensions have been prepared from tablets in syrup and remained stable for 55 days.
Small Animal Dosage Dogs • 1.25-5 mg/dog q8h PO. • 3-5 mcg/kg (0.003-0.005 mg/kg) SQ, usually as a single dose in an emergency. If necessary, repeat in 4-6 h. Cats • 0.1 mg/kg q8h PO. • 0.625 mg/cat (one quarter of 2.5-mg tablet) q12h PO. • 5-10 mcg/kg (0.005-0.01 mg/kg) q4h SQ or IM. The most common dose in cats is 0.05 mg (equivalent to 0.05 mL) per cat injected SQ.
Large Animal Dosage Horses • Not absorbed orally. Use IV for treatment of chronic recurrent airway obstruction (RAO): 2-5 mcg/kg q6-8h IV or as needed.
Regulatory Information Terbutaline has similar properties as clenbuterol and should not be administered to animals intended for food. RCI Classification: 3
Testosterone tess-toss’ter-one
Trade and other names: Testosterone cypionate ester: Andro-Cyp, Andronate, Depo-Testosterone, and generic brands and testosterone propionate ester: Testex and Malogen (in Canada) Functional classification: Hormone
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action Testosterone ester for injection is available in two forms: testosterone cypionate and testosterone propionate. It is used to supplement testosterone in deficient animals. It will also produce anabolic effects. Testosterone esters are administered intramuscularly to avoid first-pass effects that occur from oral administration. Esters in oil are absorbed more slowly from IM injections. Esters are then hydrolyzed to free testosterone. Other agents with more specific anabolic activity include boldenone, oxymetholone, nandrolone, stanozolol, and methyltestosterone.
Indications and Clinical Uses Anabolic agents have been used for reversing catabolic conditions, increasing weight gain, increasing muscling in animals, and stimulating erythropoiesis. Testosterone and other anabolic agents have also been abused in people to enhance athletic performance.
in animals. Facial pruritus has been observed in some treated cats. In people, a persistent taste disturbance, GI problems, and headache have been reported. Contraindications and Precautions No contraindications have been reported for animals. Drug Interactions No drug interactions have been reported in animals.
Instructions for Use Treatment of dogs and cats requires much higher doses compared with doses used in people. Despite the in vitro activity of terbinafine against many fungi and the favorable pharmacokinetics in dogs and cats, the clinical results have not consistently produced clinical resolution in some patients.
Patient Monitoring and Laboratory Tests No specific monitoring is necessary.
Formulations • Terbinafine is available in 250-mg tablets, 1% topical solution, and 1% topical cream.
Stability and Storage Store in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, and at room temperature. Terbinafine is slightly soluble in water and alcohol. When suspensions have been prepared from crushed tablets in a vehicle (Ora-Sweet), it was stable for 42 days.
Small Animal Dosage Dogs • 30-40 mg/kg q24h PO (with food) for 2-3 weeks. Cats • 30-40 mg/kg/day PO for at least 2 weeks. Or, administer one-quarter tablet for small cats (62.5 mg), one-half tablet for medium-size cats (125 mg), and one tablet for large cats (250 mg), all administered once daily.
Large Animal Dosage There are no effective doses reported for large animals. It is not effective for horses.
Regulatory Information Withdrawal times are not established for animals that produce food. For extralabel use withdrawal interval estimates, contact Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) at 1-888-USFARAD (1-888-873-2723).
Terbutaline Sulfate ter-byoo’tah-leen sul’fate
Trade and other names: Brethine and Bricanyl Functional classification: Bronchodilator, beta agonist
766 Terbutaline Sulfate
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action Beta2-adrenergic agonist. Bronchodilator. Stimulates beta2-receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle. Terbutaline is more beta2 specific than drugs such as isoproterenol. Other beta2-specific drugs include albuterol and metaproterenol. In addition to the beta2 effects to relax bronchial smooth muscle and relieve bronchospasm, the beta2agonists may inhibit release of inflammatory mediators, especially from mast cells.
Indications and Clinical Uses Terbutaline, like other beta2-agonists, is indicated in animals with reversible bronchoconstriction, such as cats with bronchial asthma. It also has been used in dogs to relieve bronchoconstriction and in animals with bronchitis and other airway diseases. It has been used in horses for short-term administration, by injection, to relieve brohchoconstriction associated with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Use in animals has been primarily derived from empirical use and experience in humans. There are no wellcontrolled clinical studies or efficacy trials to document clinical effectiveness. Albuterol injection may be used as an alternative for terbutaline injection (4 mcg/kg bolus up to 8 mcg/kg as needed). Terbutaline is not absorbed by the oral route in horses; therefore it is not effective in horses for oral administration. Clenbuterol usually is the drug of choice for horses.
Precautionary Information Adverse Reactions and Side Effects Excessive beta-adrenergic stimulation from terbutaline at high doses results in tachycardia and muscle tremors. Arrhythmias are possible with high doses. All beta2-agonists will inhibit uterine contractions at the end of gestation in pregnant animals. High doses of beta2-agonists can lead to hypokalemia because they stimulate Na1-K1-ATPase and increase intracellular K1 while decreasing serum K1 and producing hyperglycemia. Treatment consists of KCl supplement at a rate of 0.5 mEq/kg/hr. Contraindications and Precautions Administer cautiously to animals with cardiac disease, particularly animals that may be susceptible to tachyarrhythmias. Do not use late in gestation unless the intended effect is to delay uterine contractions. Drug Interactions Use cautiously with other drugs that may stimulate the heart and cause tachycardia.
Instructions for Use May be administered PO, IM, or SQ. Terbutaline (and other beta2-agonists) have also been used in people to delay labor (dose in people is 2.5 mg q6h PO). Other beta2-agonists used in animals for relief of bronchoconstriction include albuterol and salmeterol. Animals with acute bronchoconstriction also may benefit from corticosteroid treatment and oxygen therapy. Caution should be used when administering repeated SQ doses. The maximum SQ dose in people is 500 mcg/person (0.5 mg) within a 4-hour period.
Patient Monitoring and Laboratory Tests Monitor heart rate in animals during treatment. Monitor potassium concentration if high doses are administered.
Formulations • Terbutaline is available in 2.5- and 5-mg tablets and 1 mg vials with a concentration of 1-mg/mL, 1-mL for injection.
Testosterone 767
Stability and Storage Store in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, and at room temperature. Terbutaline sulfate is soluble in water. Solutions may be subject to degradation. Observe for color change, and discard if solution turns a dark color. Suspensions have been prepared from tablets in syrup and remained stable for 55 days.
Small Animal Dosage Dogs • 1.25-5 mg/dog q8h PO. • 3-5 mcg/kg (0.003-0.005 mg/kg) SQ, usually as a single dose in an emergency. If necessary, repeat in 4-6 h. Cats • 0.1 mg/kg q8h PO. • 0.625 mg/cat (one quarter of 2.5-mg tablet) q12h PO. • 5-10 mcg/kg (0.005-0.01 mg/kg) q4h SQ or IM. The most common dose in cats is 0.05 mg (equivalent to 0.05 mL) per cat injected SQ.
Large Animal Dosage Horses • Not absorbed orally. Use IV for treatment of chronic recurrent airway obstruction (RAO): 2-5 mcg/kg q6-8h IV or as needed.
Regulatory Information Terbutaline has similar properties as clenbuterol and should not be administered to animals intended for food. RCI Classification: 3
Testosterone tess-toss’ter-one
Trade and other names: Testosterone cypionate ester: Andro-Cyp, Andronate, Depo-Testosterone, and generic brands and testosterone propionate ester: Testex and Malogen (in Canada) Functional classification: Hormone
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action Testosterone ester for injection is available in two forms: testosterone cypionate and testosterone propionate. It is used to supplement testosterone in deficient animals. It will also produce anabolic effects. Testosterone esters are administered intramuscularly to avoid first-pass effects that occur from oral administration. Esters in oil are absorbed more slowly from IM injections. Esters are then hydrolyzed to free testosterone. Other agents with more specific anabolic activity include boldenone, oxymetholone, nandrolone, stanozolol, and methyltestosterone.
Indications and Clinical Uses Anabolic agents have been used for reversing catabolic conditions, increasing weight gain, increasing muscling in animals, and stimulating erythropoiesis. Testosterone and other anabolic agents have also been abused in people to enhance athletic performance.