- Email: [email protected]
TESTIMONIAL TO MR. J. F. CLARKE,
555 ties of both bones, which were encrusted with cartilage, acquire an ivory surface. Two specimens were shown, one, A, taken
the other hand, we look at the vast muscular and ligamentous apparatus connected with the sole of the foot, for the express purpose of strengthening the anterior part of the metatarsal region, and of maintaining these bones in their due proximity, and so preventing their separation during the violent efforts which the foot is often called on to make, and of during life the weight of the body and its burthens, we shall see, in the physiology of this apparatus, the solution of the pathology of this deformity. The muscular forces acting through the tendons on the great toe itself, and the metatarsal bone supporting it, are not the on
sustaining
long tendons (the extensor longus, and the flexor have all a tendency, in their respective action, to carry the toes outwards and upwards, and outwards and downwards, as the case may be; or, on the other hand, the oblique abductor and the transversus pedis, and even the flexor brevis pollicis, have, by their connexion with the sesamoid bones and the ligamentous apparatus surrounding the joint, a direct influence over the metatarsal bone, and especially over its distal extremity. Now, when, by causes which vary in different individuals, being congenital in some, or occurring in early life, and in others the result of too much exertion, or natural decay, the muscular system which has been referred to gradually yields-the transverse and oblique muscles lose their energy, like the other muscles of the body; the distal end of the metatarsal bone is no longer held in proximity to the others; the foot spreads, and becomes deformed; the inner condyle projects inwards; and the phalanges of the great toe from a man whom Mr. Coulson had not known before death;! itself, acted upon by the long flexor and extensors, are carried the other, C, from a man whom he had known for some time. In and thus the deformity or dislocation which has outwards; the first, A, the distal extremity of the metatarsal bone projects’ been brought before the Society to-night is produced. and the are turned but not to so inwards, outwards, phalanges (To be continued.) great an extent as in the other preparation, C. This was taken from a person whom he had known some years, and whose power of walking was much impaired. The internal TESTIMONIAL TO MR. J. F. CLARKE, lateral ligaments in both cases were thin, and spread out over VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. the projecting condyles. Mr. Coulson then laid open the joints, and in both (vide B & D) the cartilages are beginning ON Thursday, the 7th instant, a verv numerous and highlyinfluential meeting of members of the profession was held at the house of Dr. Webster, Brook-street, Grosvenor-square, with the view of promoting a subscription for the purpose of presenting a testimonial to Mr. J. F. Clarke, for the services he has rendered to the medical societies of London and the same ; the
longus)
profession generally.
Dr. WEBSTER said, on taking the chair, anticipating a more distinguished member of the profession would have occupied the position in which their kindness had now placed him, he felt unable either to do justice to their choice, or adequately to express his own feelings on this occasion. Nevertheless, he sincerely assured those he had the honour of addressing, that this mark of their confidence was highly flattering; whilst it was also most gratifying to see assembled so many members of the various medical societies, who had come to show respect and regard to their excellent friend, Mr. Clarke. The sterling qualities of that gentleman, and the useful literary labours he had been engaged in during many years, and which he had discharged in an able and faithful manner, were so well known that it seemed almost superfluous to enlarge upon such topics. Still, he (Dr. Webster) would take that opportunity of saying - having had the pleasure of knowing Mr. Clarke for a long period, and being cognisant of his honourable conduct, both as a gentleman and as a member of their common professionthat that which at first was only acquaintance, had ripened into personal esteem. However, as they had come here to-day, to be absorbed, on the part of the metatarsal bone, from which not so much to express their good opinion of Mr. Clarke, the phalanx had been dislocated. It is now generally ad- which all acknowledge, but to show in some tangible form mitted that the wearing of shoes has nothing to do with this they appreciated his important and valuable literary exerdeformity. Mr. Haynes Walton had informed Mr. Coulson tions to extend the fame and to promote the usefulness of that the greatest deformity of this kind which he ever saw the various medical societies of the metropolis, he would just was in a mulatto, who had never worn shoes; and Dr. Knox, observe, that the assiduity and ability evinced by Air. Clarke in an able paper in the Medical Gazette, of 1842, has fully dis- through rather a long career did really deserve the thanks of proved their influence. What, then, is the producing cause? the profession generally. After alluding to the importance Why should the first and second phalanges of the great toe and utility of giving accurate reports of the frequently inturn to those of the other toes, in preference, as it were, to structive discussions which of late had occurred at different
following
the movements of the bone which
supports it? It medical societies of London,
and often transcribed into Conti-
has been said, that the inner plantar ligament is pressed upon nental as well as American journals, whereby the profession by a projection downwards of the head of the astragalus, and, throughout the world received much valuable information. Dr. as a consequence, that the ligaments of the toes generally beWebster said he was a great advocate for collecting and recordcome weak, especially those of the great toe, and that this ing what might be called " thefloating facts of practical men," toe is gradually forced outwards, by the oblique bearing of which might have been altogether lost and forgotten, but from the foot
on its inner plantar surface. Admitting that the inner the exertions of gentlemen who were truly the faithful plantar ligament, (the calcaneo scaphoid,) which is not a true chroniclers of passing events, whether in science or in medibut an elastic tissue of great power, is pressed down cine. That their friend, Mr. Clarke, had given satisfaction to ligament, in this way, it would be difficult to see why, as a conse- the profession by his labours, had earned for himself a good quence, the ligaments of the toes should also yield. If,, name, and had likewise obtained a place in their esteem, was
556 not only evident from the present large assemblage, but also from the numerous communications on the table, written by some of the most distinguished members of the profession, who could not attend this meeting owing to unavoidable engagements, yet expressed their concurrence in its object. As it might be tedious to read upwards of fifty letters he had had the pleasure of receiving, it would suffice to mention some which now caught his eye, merely to show the prevalent feeling respecting theirfriend-viz.,from Dr. Clutterbuck, Dr. Golding Bird, Sir James Eyre, Professor Fergusson, Dr. Basham, and many others, whose names would doubtless appear in a more substantial manner, on a future occasion. Having made several additional and pertinent remarks in reference to the present proposal, Dr. Webster concluded his address by saying, as it was the duty of a chairman not to speak himself, but rather to give others an opportunity of expressing their sentiments, he should not further trespass on their valuable time, but would again thank them for the honour of their attendance.
ana tne
pmp Demg tiie secreting apparatus, ana snowing all the essential elements of glandular structure. 2. The circulation of blood in the spleen is distinguished by the shortness of its circuit, produced by the sudden transition from large to small vessels. 3. The secretion of the spleen is probably some albuminoid
material. 4. The
After
Dr. Sanders suggests, that the following departments of inquiry presents themselves to future observers :"1. Formation of the
2. The comparative anatomy of the spleen has yet to reveal the essential elements of the organ in their modifications. 3. The analogy of the spleen to the other vascular glands is
gradually becoming more definite in proportion as their structure is better known. The corpuscular elements, consisting of granules and plasma, nuclei and cells, are nearly identical in all of them; the supra-renal bodies being distinguished by the frequent excess of oily granules. In the more complex structures, a great similarity obtains. The vesicles of the thyroid, in particular, resemble closely the splenic sacculi; consisting of an external vascular and fibrous layer, covering a spherical homogeneous membrane, which is lined internally by a more or less complete layer of nucleated cells, and contains plasma and corpuscles in its interior. In the human thyroid, the contained corpuscles are generally in small number, and the vesicles being filled chiefly by a clear fluid, their structure is easily seen; and small vesicles, of various size, are noticed in the interior of some of the large ones, indicating their mode of£ reproduction. In the supra-renal glands, the similar vesicles are somewhat elongated; and, being placed endwise, greatly resemble tubules, as Ecker has described. In the thymus, the vesicles are modified by constrictions into the form of follicles. In all these modifications, however, the vesicles
remarks by Dr. Moore, Mr. Streeter, Dr. other gentlemen, the resolution was carried
That a subscription be now entered upon, to present Mr. Clarke with a suitable testimonial, in accordance with the previous resolution." It was moved by Dr. T. SMITH, and seconded by Mr. ROBERT
(Simon.) spleen
WADE,
exhibit the same essential structure which is and the thyroid.
" That Dr. Clutterbuck and Mr. Coulson be requested to act as treasurers." It was moved by Dr. WINSLOW, and seconded by Mr. W.
sented
That the following gentlemen be appointed a committee, with power to add to their number:—Dr. Goldiiig Bird, Dr. Chowne, Dr. Daniell, Professor Erichsen, Professor Fergusson, Mr. Hancock, Mr. Harvey, Mr. Hird, Dr. Moore, Dr. Webster, Dr. Winslow, Mr. Wade, Mr. Streeter, and Dr. Sibson,-to carry out the object proposed, and to report at a future meeting of the subscribers. Five to be a quorum."
to
Commaittee on Medical Literature, prethe American Medical Association. Pamphlet.
pp. 37. Philadelphia.
Our Institution and its Studies. An Introductory Lecture Delivered at the Bristol Institution, for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and the Arts. By JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS, M.D. Bristol: Evans & Abbott. Pamphlet.
Wing and
Mr. Borlase Childs having kindly consented honorary secretaries, and thanks having been voted chairman, the meeting separated.
pp. 41.
room.
AN
interesting and eloquent address.
Amputations of the Large Limbs that have been Performed at the Massachusets General Hospital. By GEORGE HAYWARD, M.D. pp. 16.
Statistics of the
reviews and Notices of Books. On the Structure of the
in the
OUR transatlantic brethren have set us a good example by this " Report." The critics of criticism and literature have treated the whole subject of inquiry with much ability.
as
subscribed in the
seen
Report of the Standing
HARVEY,
were
embryo.-The spleen,
line.
some
About £100
the
spleen is single, because it is originally developed in the mesial
BROWN,
Mr.
spleen in
with the thyroid, thymus, and supra-renal bodies, is the along remains of the membrana intermedia of the blastoderma. The
"That Mr. Clarke having, by his literary exertions during many years, and by the faithful discharge of various important duties, including his valuable Reports, materially contributed to extend the fame and usefulness of the London medical societies, he has established for himself strong claims upon the good opinion of the profession generally." It was moved by Dr. MOORE, and seconded by Mr. I. B.
to act to the
great number, and
bodies."
(Much cheering.)
Daniell, and unanimouslv.
in
able analogy with the umbilical vein, which further agrees with the splenic in belonging to the portal circulation. It is probable that the portal circulation performs a function of nutritive absorption. 5. There is deficiency of anatomical proof that the lymphatics are the excretory ducts of the spleen ? 6. There is a close analogy both of origin and of structure between the spleen, and the thyroid, thymus, and supra-renal
The first resolution was proposed by Dr. CiiowNE, in a speech of much eloquence and feeling, in which he particularly dwelt upon the difficult position in which Mr. Clarke had been frequently placed; and, after alluding to the prominent honorary offices he had filled in several medical societies, passed a high eulogium on his private character, and regretted that more allusion to his personal worth had not been embodied in the resolution. Mr. COULSON seconded the resolution, and remarked that he fully concurred in all Dr. Chowne had said respecting the personal worth of Mr. Clarke, but he thought, with the President,that Mr. Clarke’s claims should rest mainly on the manner in which he had discharged a difficult and important public
duty.
veins, which are of large size,
peculiarly dilatable; probably absorb the secreted product, and carry it into the circulation. They would thus have consider-
Spleen. By W. R. SANDERS, M.D.
THE following passage embraces the main points of Dr. Hayward’s pamphlet :" It appears, then, from these tables, that the whole number of amputations of large limbs that have ever been performed very accurate and succinct account of the discoveries of other at the hospital, is 146, on 141 patients. Of this number, 32 physiologists. He concludes his paper with the following died. "Eighty-five had their limbs removed in consequence of£ general statement respecting the structure and functions of of whom 10 died. disease, the spleen:" Fifty-six in consequence of injury, of whom 22 died; being " 1. The spleen is a secreting organ; the Malpighian sacculi 1 in 8! of the former, and more than 1 in 3 of the latter pp. 56. Sutherland & Knox. DR. SANDERS has added little to our previous knowledge of that complex organ, the spleen. He has, however, given a
Pamphlet.
,
the other hand, we look at the vast muscular and ligamentous apparatus connected with the sole of the foot, for the express purpose of strengthening the anterior part of the metatarsal region, and of maintaining these bones in their due proximity, and so preventing their separation during the violent efforts which the foot is often called on to make, and of during life the weight of the body and its burthens, we shall see, in the physiology of this apparatus, the solution of the pathology of this deformity. The muscular forces acting through the tendons on the great toe itself, and the metatarsal bone supporting it, are not the on
sustaining
long tendons (the extensor longus, and the flexor have all a tendency, in their respective action, to carry the toes outwards and upwards, and outwards and downwards, as the case may be; or, on the other hand, the oblique abductor and the transversus pedis, and even the flexor brevis pollicis, have, by their connexion with the sesamoid bones and the ligamentous apparatus surrounding the joint, a direct influence over the metatarsal bone, and especially over its distal extremity. Now, when, by causes which vary in different individuals, being congenital in some, or occurring in early life, and in others the result of too much exertion, or natural decay, the muscular system which has been referred to gradually yields-the transverse and oblique muscles lose their energy, like the other muscles of the body; the distal end of the metatarsal bone is no longer held in proximity to the others; the foot spreads, and becomes deformed; the inner condyle projects inwards; and the phalanges of the great toe from a man whom Mr. Coulson had not known before death;! itself, acted upon by the long flexor and extensors, are carried the other, C, from a man whom he had known for some time. In and thus the deformity or dislocation which has outwards; the first, A, the distal extremity of the metatarsal bone projects’ been brought before the Society to-night is produced. and the are turned but not to so inwards, outwards, phalanges (To be continued.) great an extent as in the other preparation, C. This was taken from a person whom he had known some years, and whose power of walking was much impaired. The internal TESTIMONIAL TO MR. J. F. CLARKE, lateral ligaments in both cases were thin, and spread out over VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. the projecting condyles. Mr. Coulson then laid open the joints, and in both (vide B & D) the cartilages are beginning ON Thursday, the 7th instant, a verv numerous and highlyinfluential meeting of members of the profession was held at the house of Dr. Webster, Brook-street, Grosvenor-square, with the view of promoting a subscription for the purpose of presenting a testimonial to Mr. J. F. Clarke, for the services he has rendered to the medical societies of London and the same ; the
longus)
profession generally.
Dr. WEBSTER said, on taking the chair, anticipating a more distinguished member of the profession would have occupied the position in which their kindness had now placed him, he felt unable either to do justice to their choice, or adequately to express his own feelings on this occasion. Nevertheless, he sincerely assured those he had the honour of addressing, that this mark of their confidence was highly flattering; whilst it was also most gratifying to see assembled so many members of the various medical societies, who had come to show respect and regard to their excellent friend, Mr. Clarke. The sterling qualities of that gentleman, and the useful literary labours he had been engaged in during many years, and which he had discharged in an able and faithful manner, were so well known that it seemed almost superfluous to enlarge upon such topics. Still, he (Dr. Webster) would take that opportunity of saying - having had the pleasure of knowing Mr. Clarke for a long period, and being cognisant of his honourable conduct, both as a gentleman and as a member of their common professionthat that which at first was only acquaintance, had ripened into personal esteem. However, as they had come here to-day, to be absorbed, on the part of the metatarsal bone, from which not so much to express their good opinion of Mr. Clarke, the phalanx had been dislocated. It is now generally ad- which all acknowledge, but to show in some tangible form mitted that the wearing of shoes has nothing to do with this they appreciated his important and valuable literary exerdeformity. Mr. Haynes Walton had informed Mr. Coulson tions to extend the fame and to promote the usefulness of that the greatest deformity of this kind which he ever saw the various medical societies of the metropolis, he would just was in a mulatto, who had never worn shoes; and Dr. Knox, observe, that the assiduity and ability evinced by Air. Clarke in an able paper in the Medical Gazette, of 1842, has fully dis- through rather a long career did really deserve the thanks of proved their influence. What, then, is the producing cause? the profession generally. After alluding to the importance Why should the first and second phalanges of the great toe and utility of giving accurate reports of the frequently inturn to those of the other toes, in preference, as it were, to structive discussions which of late had occurred at different
following
the movements of the bone which
supports it? It medical societies of London,
and often transcribed into Conti-
has been said, that the inner plantar ligament is pressed upon nental as well as American journals, whereby the profession by a projection downwards of the head of the astragalus, and, throughout the world received much valuable information. Dr. as a consequence, that the ligaments of the toes generally beWebster said he was a great advocate for collecting and recordcome weak, especially those of the great toe, and that this ing what might be called " thefloating facts of practical men," toe is gradually forced outwards, by the oblique bearing of which might have been altogether lost and forgotten, but from the foot
on its inner plantar surface. Admitting that the inner the exertions of gentlemen who were truly the faithful plantar ligament, (the calcaneo scaphoid,) which is not a true chroniclers of passing events, whether in science or in medibut an elastic tissue of great power, is pressed down cine. That their friend, Mr. Clarke, had given satisfaction to ligament, in this way, it would be difficult to see why, as a conse- the profession by his labours, had earned for himself a good quence, the ligaments of the toes should also yield. If,, name, and had likewise obtained a place in their esteem, was
556 not only evident from the present large assemblage, but also from the numerous communications on the table, written by some of the most distinguished members of the profession, who could not attend this meeting owing to unavoidable engagements, yet expressed their concurrence in its object. As it might be tedious to read upwards of fifty letters he had had the pleasure of receiving, it would suffice to mention some which now caught his eye, merely to show the prevalent feeling respecting theirfriend-viz.,from Dr. Clutterbuck, Dr. Golding Bird, Sir James Eyre, Professor Fergusson, Dr. Basham, and many others, whose names would doubtless appear in a more substantial manner, on a future occasion. Having made several additional and pertinent remarks in reference to the present proposal, Dr. Webster concluded his address by saying, as it was the duty of a chairman not to speak himself, but rather to give others an opportunity of expressing their sentiments, he should not further trespass on their valuable time, but would again thank them for the honour of their attendance.
ana tne
pmp Demg tiie secreting apparatus, ana snowing all the essential elements of glandular structure. 2. The circulation of blood in the spleen is distinguished by the shortness of its circuit, produced by the sudden transition from large to small vessels. 3. The secretion of the spleen is probably some albuminoid
material. 4. The
After
Dr. Sanders suggests, that the following departments of inquiry presents themselves to future observers :"1. Formation of the
2. The comparative anatomy of the spleen has yet to reveal the essential elements of the organ in their modifications. 3. The analogy of the spleen to the other vascular glands is
gradually becoming more definite in proportion as their structure is better known. The corpuscular elements, consisting of granules and plasma, nuclei and cells, are nearly identical in all of them; the supra-renal bodies being distinguished by the frequent excess of oily granules. In the more complex structures, a great similarity obtains. The vesicles of the thyroid, in particular, resemble closely the splenic sacculi; consisting of an external vascular and fibrous layer, covering a spherical homogeneous membrane, which is lined internally by a more or less complete layer of nucleated cells, and contains plasma and corpuscles in its interior. In the human thyroid, the contained corpuscles are generally in small number, and the vesicles being filled chiefly by a clear fluid, their structure is easily seen; and small vesicles, of various size, are noticed in the interior of some of the large ones, indicating their mode of£ reproduction. In the supra-renal glands, the similar vesicles are somewhat elongated; and, being placed endwise, greatly resemble tubules, as Ecker has described. In the thymus, the vesicles are modified by constrictions into the form of follicles. In all these modifications, however, the vesicles
remarks by Dr. Moore, Mr. Streeter, Dr. other gentlemen, the resolution was carried
That a subscription be now entered upon, to present Mr. Clarke with a suitable testimonial, in accordance with the previous resolution." It was moved by Dr. T. SMITH, and seconded by Mr. ROBERT
(Simon.) spleen
WADE,
exhibit the same essential structure which is and the thyroid.
" That Dr. Clutterbuck and Mr. Coulson be requested to act as treasurers." It was moved by Dr. WINSLOW, and seconded by Mr. W.
sented
That the following gentlemen be appointed a committee, with power to add to their number:—Dr. Goldiiig Bird, Dr. Chowne, Dr. Daniell, Professor Erichsen, Professor Fergusson, Mr. Hancock, Mr. Harvey, Mr. Hird, Dr. Moore, Dr. Webster, Dr. Winslow, Mr. Wade, Mr. Streeter, and Dr. Sibson,-to carry out the object proposed, and to report at a future meeting of the subscribers. Five to be a quorum."
to
Commaittee on Medical Literature, prethe American Medical Association. Pamphlet.
pp. 37. Philadelphia.
Our Institution and its Studies. An Introductory Lecture Delivered at the Bristol Institution, for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and the Arts. By JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS, M.D. Bristol: Evans & Abbott. Pamphlet.
Wing and
Mr. Borlase Childs having kindly consented honorary secretaries, and thanks having been voted chairman, the meeting separated.
pp. 41.
room.
AN
interesting and eloquent address.
Amputations of the Large Limbs that have been Performed at the Massachusets General Hospital. By GEORGE HAYWARD, M.D. pp. 16.
Statistics of the
reviews and Notices of Books. On the Structure of the
in the
OUR transatlantic brethren have set us a good example by this " Report." The critics of criticism and literature have treated the whole subject of inquiry with much ability.
as
subscribed in the
seen
Report of the Standing
HARVEY,
were
embryo.-The spleen,
line.
some
About £100
the
spleen is single, because it is originally developed in the mesial
BROWN,
Mr.
spleen in
with the thyroid, thymus, and supra-renal bodies, is the along remains of the membrana intermedia of the blastoderma. The
"That Mr. Clarke having, by his literary exertions during many years, and by the faithful discharge of various important duties, including his valuable Reports, materially contributed to extend the fame and usefulness of the London medical societies, he has established for himself strong claims upon the good opinion of the profession generally." It was moved by Dr. MOORE, and seconded by Mr. I. B.
to act to the
great number, and
bodies."
(Much cheering.)
Daniell, and unanimouslv.
in
able analogy with the umbilical vein, which further agrees with the splenic in belonging to the portal circulation. It is probable that the portal circulation performs a function of nutritive absorption. 5. There is deficiency of anatomical proof that the lymphatics are the excretory ducts of the spleen ? 6. There is a close analogy both of origin and of structure between the spleen, and the thyroid, thymus, and supra-renal
The first resolution was proposed by Dr. CiiowNE, in a speech of much eloquence and feeling, in which he particularly dwelt upon the difficult position in which Mr. Clarke had been frequently placed; and, after alluding to the prominent honorary offices he had filled in several medical societies, passed a high eulogium on his private character, and regretted that more allusion to his personal worth had not been embodied in the resolution. Mr. COULSON seconded the resolution, and remarked that he fully concurred in all Dr. Chowne had said respecting the personal worth of Mr. Clarke, but he thought, with the President,that Mr. Clarke’s claims should rest mainly on the manner in which he had discharged a difficult and important public
duty.
veins, which are of large size,
peculiarly dilatable; probably absorb the secreted product, and carry it into the circulation. They would thus have consider-
Spleen. By W. R. SANDERS, M.D.
THE following passage embraces the main points of Dr. Hayward’s pamphlet :" It appears, then, from these tables, that the whole number of amputations of large limbs that have ever been performed very accurate and succinct account of the discoveries of other at the hospital, is 146, on 141 patients. Of this number, 32 physiologists. He concludes his paper with the following died. "Eighty-five had their limbs removed in consequence of£ general statement respecting the structure and functions of of whom 10 died. disease, the spleen:" Fifty-six in consequence of injury, of whom 22 died; being " 1. The spleen is a secreting organ; the Malpighian sacculi 1 in 8! of the former, and more than 1 in 3 of the latter pp. 56. Sutherland & Knox. DR. SANDERS has added little to our previous knowledge of that complex organ, the spleen. He has, however, given a
Pamphlet.
,