- Email: [email protected]
Textbook-specific information
APPENDIX
Textbook-specific information
B
B.1 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK EFFECTIVELY The textbook is comprised of enough material for a yearlong course. Therefore, instructors utilizing the book for a single semester will have ample material from which to select those topics germane to the particular course. The remaining material can provide precocious students with further breadth and depth into the subject of nuclear energy. For faculty who use the text in an academic course, instructor support materials, including complete solutions to exercises and PowerPoint slides, are available by registering at http://textbooks.elsevier.com. The abundance of chapters facilitates customization of the reading material. An example syllabus for a one-semester course, not including examinations, is given in the following table. Week
Coverage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Chapter 1; Sections 2.1–2.4 Sections 2.5–2.8; Sections 3.1–3.2 Sections 3.3–3.6 Sections 4.1–4.4 Sections 4.5–4.8 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 10; Sections 11.1–11.3 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Sections 20.1–20.3, 21.1–21.4 Sections 21.5–21.11 Chapter 23
523
524
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
B.2 COMPUTER PROGRAMS The following is a list of titles of the MATLAB and Excel programs, the Computer Exercise number in which they are used, and a brief indication of function. The computer programs can be downloaded from http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124166547/. Title
Computer Exercises
Function
ALBERT ALBERT BINDING DECAY RADIOGEN MONTEPI ALBERT EXPOSO NEUTSHLD EXPOSO RADIOGEN STAT EXPOIS COMPDIST RADIOGEN EXPOSO PREDPREY ERADIC ENRICH CRITICAL SLOWINGS CONDUCT TEMPPLOT MPDQ OGRE, OGREFUN KINETICS RTF, RTFFUN XETR, XETRFUN ORBIT ALBERT WASTEPULSE WTT LLWES FUTURE BREEDER FASTRX
1.A 2.A 2.B 3.A 3.C 6.A 9.A–B 11.A 11.B 11.C 11.D 12.A–C 12.D 12.E 13.A 13.B 14.A 14.B 15.A-B 16.A 16.B 17.A 17.B 19.A 20.A 20.B 20.C 20.D 22.A 22.B 23.A 23.B 23.C 24.A 25.A 25.B
Relativistic properties of particles Properties of 1-MeV electron, proton, and neutron Semiempirical mass formula for B and M Radioactive decay, activity, graph Parent-daughter radioactivity Monte Carlo estimate of pi (p) High velocity particles in accelerators Gamma attenuation, buildup factors Fast neutron shielding by water Array of sources in an irradiator Radon activity in closed room Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian distributions Simulates counting data Graphically compare Gaussian distributions Mo-Tc radionuclide generator Fixed gauge source measuring tank level Predator-prey simulation (requires LOTKAVOLT) Application of sterile male technique Material flows in isotope separator Critical conditions U and Pu assemblies Scattering, absorption, and leakage Integral of thermal conductivity Temperature distribution in fuel pin Criticality with space dependence One-delayed-group reactor transient Time-dependent behavior of reactor Reactor transient with feedback Xenon-135 reactivity transient Trajectory of spacecraft from Earth Mass increase of space ship Displays motion of waste pulse Dispersion in waste transport Expert system, waste classification Global energy analysis Breeder reactor with cross section data choice Fast reactor criticality, Hansen-Roach Continued
Appendix B Textbook-specific information
Title
Computer Exercises
Function
FUSION MAXWELL VELOCITY DEBYE IMPACT RADIUS MEANPATH TRANSIT CROSSECT FASTRX ENRICH
26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 27.A 27.B
Fusion parameters and functions Calculates and plots a distribution Four characteristic speeds Debye length of fusion plasma Parameters for ionic collision Cyclotron radius and other quantities Mean free path of charged particles Fusion plasma parameters Fusion cross section and reactivity Critical mass as it depends on density Blending Russian HEU material
525
B.3 ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES Unlike previous editions, this edition includes answers to most, but not all, exercises to provide instructors the option of assigning homework problems without answers. When multiple similar parts are specified, often only the answer to part (a) is given. As a cautionary note to students and instructors alike, because some constants have been updated, technical material expanded, and errors corrected, the solutions to some long-standing problems have changed and hence answers in older editions are not necessarily valid. A full solution manual is available from the publisher for instructors adopting this textbook. 1.1 2400 J 1.2 (a) 20 C, (b) 260 C, (c) 459 F, (d) 1832 F 1.3 22.5 kJ 1.4 511 m/s 1.5 149 kW, 596 kWh 1.6 2 1020 Hz 1.7 (a) (proof), (b) 2.22 10–9 g 1.8 3.04 10–11 J 1.9 3.38 10–28 kg 1.10 3.51 10–8 J 1.11 8.67 10–4 1.12 (proof) 1.13 (a) 938.6 MeV 1.14 931.49 MeV 1.15 (a) (proof), (b) 0.140, 0.417, 0.866 1.16 (a) 6.16 104 Btu/lb, (b) 1.43 105 J/g, (c) 3.0 eV
1.17 (derivation) 1.18 (graph) 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14
0.0828 1024/cm3 1.59 10–8 cm, 1.70 10–23 cm3 2200 m/s (proof) 3.116 kJ/(kg K) 2.1 eV 3.29 1015 Hz –1.51 eV, 4.77 10–8 cm, 12.1 eV, 2.9 1015 Hz (sketch) (proof) 8.7 10–13 cm, 2.4 10–24 cm2 9.54 10–14 0.030377 amu, 28.3 MeV 1784 MeV
526
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
2.15 1.47 1017 kg/m3, 9.9 1012 kg/m3, 1.89 104 kg/m3 2.16 (proof) 2.17 1.21 1014 Hz, 2.48 10–4 cm 2.18 2.4 1015 Hz, 1.25 10–7 m 2.19 (a) MO-16 ¼ 15.998 2.20 (graph) 2.21 (graph) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16
7.30 10–10 /s, 2.19 1010 Bq, 0.592 Ci 3.66 1010 Bq vs. 3.7 1010 Bq 1.65 mg 3.21 1014 Bq, 8.68 103 Ci, 1.06 1014 Bq, 2.86 103 Ci (diagram) (graph) 2.52 1020 atoms, 1.76 10–17/s, 4440 dps and Bq, 0.12 mCi (derivation) (derivation) (a) (graph), (b) 1.82 h, argon-41 1616 y, radium-226 (a) 3.56 1014 Bq/g (proof) (a)146 C, (b)105B 4.2 MeV 4.78 MeV 3.95 10–30 kg, 3.55 105 m/s, 1.3 10–3 MeV 1.90 107 m/s, 2.39 107 m/s, 7.5 MeV, 11.8 MeV 1.20 MeV 1.46/cm, 0.68 cm 1.70 107 m/s, 4.12 104/cm3 6 1013/(cm2 s), 0.02/cm, 1.2 1012/(cm3 s) 0.207, 0.074, 88, 0.4 cm (a) (proof), (b) 1932 barns 2.74 1012/(cm3 s), 1.48 1012/(cm3 s) 4.59 10–7, 0.459 0.1852 barns 0.504/cm, 0.099 cm, 4.9%
4.17 1.9% 4.18 18.8 g/cm3, 0.0482 1024 cm–3, 0.0795 cm–1, 0.328 cm–1, 3.05 cm, 1.02 cm, 3.58 cm 4.19 v1 ffi –u1, v2 ffi 0, particle rebounds with original speed 4.20 (proof), a ¼ 0.98333, x ¼ 0.00838 4.21 (proof) 4.22 (proof) 4.23 (a) 1.19 MeV, endothermic 4.24 same answer as Example 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16
0.0233, 42.8 1.45 1021 Hz, 2.07 10–13 m (a) 0.245 MeV, (b) (proof), (c) E0 ¼ E0/2 0.62 MeV 0.0011 cm 0.033 1024/cm3, 0.46/cm, 1.5 cm (a) 0.289 cm 0.39 cm, 1.81 10–5 C/cm3, 6.15 10–4 J/g 0.00218 MeV, 2206 8.16 10–14 J, 5.91 109 K 85.5% 41.8 keV, 50 keV 1.9%, 95.1% (a) 0.075, 0.078, (b) 0.249, 0.256 (proof) (a) 0.00256 MeV
6.1 6.53 MeV 6.2 100 38 Sr 6.3 (a) 66.4 MeV, 99.6 MeV, (b) 140, 93, (c) 0.96 107 m/s, 1.44 107 m/s 6.4 168.5 MeV 6.5 (a) 2.299 6.6 1.0% U-235 6.7 0.0057 g/day 6.8 8.09 106 kg/d, 5.89 106 kg/d, 5.18 106 kg/d 6.9 (a) 1.22 n/g s 6.10 (a) 1.19 g/MWt d 6.11 (proof)
Appendix B Textbook-specific information
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8
0.0265 amu, 24.7 MeV (verification) 0.453 kg/d, 17,620 kg/day (a) 3.10 106 m/s, (b) 2.7 1017/cm3 9.3 105 K 0.305 MeV (a) 0.476 MeV 3.4 109 K
8.1 (sample) 8.2 (activity) 8.3 Q ¼ 5.70 MeV, EC ¼ 2.62 MeV 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12
10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10
0.114 V (a) 4.70 MV 2.5 MHz 0.131 ms (derivation) 0.183 Wb/m2 (a) 1.96 MeV/rev, (b) ¼ 299791633 m/s, (c) 1.33 tesla 214.7 amu, 0.99999 746 mA, 373 MW (proof), 5.2 10–11 20.958 ms, 9 picoseconds (a) DE(keV) ffi [88.46/R(m)][E(GeV)]4, (b) 8.8 10–14, (c) P ffi ae2/(6p e0c3) 5.88 1010 ip/(cm3 s), 2.2 10–9/s 200 1.67 mrad, 3.34 mrem, 6.7 10–4 0.8% 400 mrem, 4 mSv 1/(1 þ tH/tB), 1/3 (a) 240 mrem/y, (b) 1000 mrad/y $2.55/mrem (proof) (a) 14, 5
11.1 834 mrem/y, 199 mrem/y 11.2 45.3 mCi
11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6
12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17
527
5 10–4 mCi/cm3 Boron 257/(cm2 s) 0.33, 0.1, 1.7, 3.3, 0.05 (in mCi/mL): 2.96 10–7, 2.81 10–7, 3.15 10–7 (a) 7.60 d, 94.6 d, 69.6 d 3.35 10–6 mCi/g (a) 0.19 mrem/y 0.085 (a) 0.017 Bq/mL (a) 0.24 /(cm2 s) (a) 1.19 1021/cm3, (b) 2.66 1019/cm3 0.0165 6.0 105 0.30 10 (a) n ¼ 1: P(0) ¼ 0.5, P(1) ¼ 0.5; n ¼ 2: P(0) ¼ 0.25, P(1) ¼ 0.50, P(2) ¼ 0.25; n ¼ 3: P(0) ¼ 0.125, P(1) ¼ 0.375, P(2) ¼ 0.375, P(3) ¼ 0.125, (b) throw once: P(0) ¼ 5/6, P(1) ¼ 1/6, throw twice: P(0) ¼ 25/36, P(1) ¼ 10/36, P(2) ¼ 1/36 p ¼ 1/6; n ¼ 1, x ¼ 1/6: P(0) ¼ 0.846, P(1) ¼ 0.141; n ¼ 2, x ¼ 1/3: P(0) ¼ 0.717, P(1) ¼ 0.239, P(2) ¼ 0.040 (a) 740 cps, 4.44 104 counts, (b) 211 counts, (c) 4 10–8 (a) (proof), (b) 0.2907, (c) 0.2623 (derivation) (a) ei ¼ 0.948 (a) 0.24 /(cm2 s), 8.0 10–5, 2.4 cps, (b) 0.3 mrad/h (a) 2.79 MeV (proof) 12% 482 keV 0.262 MeV
13.1 Fe-59 13.2 63 Li þ 10 n ! 31 H þ 42 He; 31 H þ 168 O ! 189 F þ10 n 13.3 0.63 mm
528
13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 15.11
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
3.0 s 3.15 108 y 2358 y ago 5.9 10–5 NRb/NSr ¼ 1/[exp(lt) – 1] (discussion) (discussion) 11.97 d 2.645 y 4.33 mg, 0.00745 cm Ir-192, Co-60, Cs-137 (a) 0.0871, (b) 0.1% 2.4 10–4 14 cpm 7.16 cm Am-241 and Cs-137 477 keV (a) 1060 g/(cm2 s) 5 mCi 241 rad 89.8 kg 19,500 Ci, 289 W 3.46 1013/(cm2 s) (discussion) 0.75 cm 2.9 m/min 4.5 kGy
(proof) 1.0030 (c) 0.0304, 0.0314 9.59 104 kg, 7.66 104 kg-SWU 0.71% 195 kg/d 488 (proof) 1.0030 0.422 kg/d, 0.578 kg/d 238.028909; 99.283382, 0.711366, 0.005309 15.12 (a) $36.99 M, gain $25.9 M 15.13 (a) 90.3 A, (b) 4.5 MW, (c) no
15.14 (a) 2.5 106 m/s2, 2.55 105, (b) 1.146 15.15 75 15.16 3.2% 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.11
(a) 2.21 2.04 1010/(cm2 s) (a) 1.171, 1.033, (b) 0.032 (a) 1.851, (b) 1.178, (c) 2.206 (a) 2.052, (b) yes r > 0, r ¼ 0, r < 0 0.0346 (a) 3.58 cm, (b) 0.0987 cm–2, (c) 0.441 (a) 13.58 cm2, (b) 0.361 (a) 0.030 /cm2, 0.73 0.43
17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15
(proof) (discussion) 150 W/cm2, 3 W/(cm2 C) 303 C 30 F (a) 1830 MW, 1350 MW, (b) 26% (a) 664 kg/s, (b) 2.6% (a) 8.09 106 m2, (b) 8.26 105 J/(m2 h) 20.5 million gal/day (proof) (b) (proof), (c) 0.76 (proof) 534 C 284 W/cm3 (proofs)
18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.10
(a) 10.2 MeV 1017/s (discussion) 10.6 ¢/kWh 12.5 million barrels, $1.125 billion (a) 8.64 106, (b) 89,700 kg, 2691 kg, (c) $91.9 M (a) 28.8 m3, 1.51 m, (b) 0.318 34% 93% 1073 d
Appendix B Textbook-specific information
18.11 (a) 55,200 18.12 8.24 1020/cm3 18.13 17% 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14
(proof) (proof) (proof) (plot) (proof) 0.33 (proof) (a) 1.09 106 cm3, 35.3 kg, (b) 8.78 105 cm3, 28.4 kg 3.876 (a) 161/B3, (b) 148/B3 (a) 684 cm2 (a) 0.9985 0.564p (a) 55 55
20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16
(proof) (a) 0.016, 2.40, (c) 7.7 10–4 s, (d) 63.8 s 30.3 s (a) 3.9 10–8 s, (b) 2.6 10–8 s 40 C increase –0.0208 (a) (proof), (b) 2.1 10–5/s, 0.039 156 ft3 1.43 min 117, 138, 150, 152, 153; yes 0.0195 (c) 9.0% (a) 1.84 w/o, (b) 2.23 w/o (c) 29,440 MWd/tonne B(3) ¼ (3/2)B1, B(4) ¼ (8/5)B1 (proof)
21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4
(discussion) (proof) (discussion) (a), (b), (c), (e) active, (d) passive, (f) inherent
21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14
529
0.90 s 0.0068, 0.0046, 0.0034, 0.0021 1.11 10–4 0.6 or 60% (a) 600 kJ/kg, (b) some melting 5.5 ms (graph) 20.5 GJ 4.8 (a) 1.67 1014/s
22.1 (a) (proof), (b) 0.0718 g, 1.23 Ci 22.2 (a) (proof), (b) 7.81 km/s, (c) 22,284 mi, 35,855 km 22.3 96% 22.4 (a) 0.71 W/g 22.5 (a) 36.3 kW 22.6 (a) 0.586 kW/m2 22.7 0.166 22.8 (a) 74,200 Ci 22.9 (a) 60.7 kg
23.1 (a) 25,100 Bq/g, 95,800 Bq/g, (b) 49%, 85% 23.2 (a) PWR 65,500 MWe, BWR 32,500 MWe, Total 98,000 MWe, (b) 4,496 m3 23.3 0–10 d I-131; 10 d–114 d Ce-141; 114 d–4.25 y Ce-144; 4.25 y–653 y Cs-137; >653 y I-129 23.4 98.7% 23.5 1.05 1013 cm3 /s, 2.22 1010 ft3/min 23.6 (a) 0.113 MW, (b) 31 d 23.7 (a) 4.6%, 56.6%, 34.6%, 4.3%, (b) 987 kg, (c) 1215 kg, (d) 82% 23.8 (a) 33.219, (b) 956 y, 999 y, 801 ky 23.9 (a) (proof), (b) 1.215 107 /(cm2 s) 23.10 14 mg
24.1 4.78 1016 kg, 91 billion y 24.2 4.88, 9966
530
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
24.3 (a) 14,120, (c) 474 quads, 0.474 Q, (d) 6.24 1030 24.4 28 tonne/y 24.5 (a) 0.337 24.6 (proof) 24.7 34.7 y 24.8 (a) $0.074 /kWh 24.9 $457 million
26.1 26.2 23.3 26.4
25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9
27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.9
1.7, 0.7 0.986 (discussion) 2.61, 0.20 6300 kg, 10.6 y (a) (proof), (b) no (proofs) (a) 0, (b) Mg-24 111 y
0.1 mm, 0.65 cm (proof) (proof) 5.72 1014 J/kg, 0.116; $500/kg, 0.0003 ¢/kWh 26.5 (proof) 26.6 0.888 MeV 26.7 (a), (b) proofs, (c) 2.56 1013 m, (d) 3.58 1013 m, (e) 227 times, 199 times 0.57 cm Every 1.61 d, 227/y 8 reactors (a) 10.4 y 7.65 1013 g/cm2, 1.9 1013 n/cm2 3.7 1010 g/cm2 (proof) 1.6 108 n/s 266 kg
Textbook-specific information
B
B.1 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK EFFECTIVELY The textbook is comprised of enough material for a yearlong course. Therefore, instructors utilizing the book for a single semester will have ample material from which to select those topics germane to the particular course. The remaining material can provide precocious students with further breadth and depth into the subject of nuclear energy. For faculty who use the text in an academic course, instructor support materials, including complete solutions to exercises and PowerPoint slides, are available by registering at http://textbooks.elsevier.com. The abundance of chapters facilitates customization of the reading material. An example syllabus for a one-semester course, not including examinations, is given in the following table. Week
Coverage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Chapter 1; Sections 2.1–2.4 Sections 2.5–2.8; Sections 3.1–3.2 Sections 3.3–3.6 Sections 4.1–4.4 Sections 4.5–4.8 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 10; Sections 11.1–11.3 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Sections 20.1–20.3, 21.1–21.4 Sections 21.5–21.11 Chapter 23
523
524
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
B.2 COMPUTER PROGRAMS The following is a list of titles of the MATLAB and Excel programs, the Computer Exercise number in which they are used, and a brief indication of function. The computer programs can be downloaded from http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124166547/. Title
Computer Exercises
Function
ALBERT ALBERT BINDING DECAY RADIOGEN MONTEPI ALBERT EXPOSO NEUTSHLD EXPOSO RADIOGEN STAT EXPOIS COMPDIST RADIOGEN EXPOSO PREDPREY ERADIC ENRICH CRITICAL SLOWINGS CONDUCT TEMPPLOT MPDQ OGRE, OGREFUN KINETICS RTF, RTFFUN XETR, XETRFUN ORBIT ALBERT WASTEPULSE WTT LLWES FUTURE BREEDER FASTRX
1.A 2.A 2.B 3.A 3.C 6.A 9.A–B 11.A 11.B 11.C 11.D 12.A–C 12.D 12.E 13.A 13.B 14.A 14.B 15.A-B 16.A 16.B 17.A 17.B 19.A 20.A 20.B 20.C 20.D 22.A 22.B 23.A 23.B 23.C 24.A 25.A 25.B
Relativistic properties of particles Properties of 1-MeV electron, proton, and neutron Semiempirical mass formula for B and M Radioactive decay, activity, graph Parent-daughter radioactivity Monte Carlo estimate of pi (p) High velocity particles in accelerators Gamma attenuation, buildup factors Fast neutron shielding by water Array of sources in an irradiator Radon activity in closed room Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian distributions Simulates counting data Graphically compare Gaussian distributions Mo-Tc radionuclide generator Fixed gauge source measuring tank level Predator-prey simulation (requires LOTKAVOLT) Application of sterile male technique Material flows in isotope separator Critical conditions U and Pu assemblies Scattering, absorption, and leakage Integral of thermal conductivity Temperature distribution in fuel pin Criticality with space dependence One-delayed-group reactor transient Time-dependent behavior of reactor Reactor transient with feedback Xenon-135 reactivity transient Trajectory of spacecraft from Earth Mass increase of space ship Displays motion of waste pulse Dispersion in waste transport Expert system, waste classification Global energy analysis Breeder reactor with cross section data choice Fast reactor criticality, Hansen-Roach Continued
Appendix B Textbook-specific information
Title
Computer Exercises
Function
FUSION MAXWELL VELOCITY DEBYE IMPACT RADIUS MEANPATH TRANSIT CROSSECT FASTRX ENRICH
26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 26.A 27.A 27.B
Fusion parameters and functions Calculates and plots a distribution Four characteristic speeds Debye length of fusion plasma Parameters for ionic collision Cyclotron radius and other quantities Mean free path of charged particles Fusion plasma parameters Fusion cross section and reactivity Critical mass as it depends on density Blending Russian HEU material
525
B.3 ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES Unlike previous editions, this edition includes answers to most, but not all, exercises to provide instructors the option of assigning homework problems without answers. When multiple similar parts are specified, often only the answer to part (a) is given. As a cautionary note to students and instructors alike, because some constants have been updated, technical material expanded, and errors corrected, the solutions to some long-standing problems have changed and hence answers in older editions are not necessarily valid. A full solution manual is available from the publisher for instructors adopting this textbook. 1.1 2400 J 1.2 (a) 20 C, (b) 260 C, (c) 459 F, (d) 1832 F 1.3 22.5 kJ 1.4 511 m/s 1.5 149 kW, 596 kWh 1.6 2 1020 Hz 1.7 (a) (proof), (b) 2.22 10–9 g 1.8 3.04 10–11 J 1.9 3.38 10–28 kg 1.10 3.51 10–8 J 1.11 8.67 10–4 1.12 (proof) 1.13 (a) 938.6 MeV 1.14 931.49 MeV 1.15 (a) (proof), (b) 0.140, 0.417, 0.866 1.16 (a) 6.16 104 Btu/lb, (b) 1.43 105 J/g, (c) 3.0 eV
1.17 (derivation) 1.18 (graph) 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14
0.0828 1024/cm3 1.59 10–8 cm, 1.70 10–23 cm3 2200 m/s (proof) 3.116 kJ/(kg K) 2.1 eV 3.29 1015 Hz –1.51 eV, 4.77 10–8 cm, 12.1 eV, 2.9 1015 Hz (sketch) (proof) 8.7 10–13 cm, 2.4 10–24 cm2 9.54 10–14 0.030377 amu, 28.3 MeV 1784 MeV
526
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
2.15 1.47 1017 kg/m3, 9.9 1012 kg/m3, 1.89 104 kg/m3 2.16 (proof) 2.17 1.21 1014 Hz, 2.48 10–4 cm 2.18 2.4 1015 Hz, 1.25 10–7 m 2.19 (a) MO-16 ¼ 15.998 2.20 (graph) 2.21 (graph) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16
7.30 10–10 /s, 2.19 1010 Bq, 0.592 Ci 3.66 1010 Bq vs. 3.7 1010 Bq 1.65 mg 3.21 1014 Bq, 8.68 103 Ci, 1.06 1014 Bq, 2.86 103 Ci (diagram) (graph) 2.52 1020 atoms, 1.76 10–17/s, 4440 dps and Bq, 0.12 mCi (derivation) (derivation) (a) (graph), (b) 1.82 h, argon-41 1616 y, radium-226 (a) 3.56 1014 Bq/g (proof) (a)146 C, (b)105B 4.2 MeV 4.78 MeV 3.95 10–30 kg, 3.55 105 m/s, 1.3 10–3 MeV 1.90 107 m/s, 2.39 107 m/s, 7.5 MeV, 11.8 MeV 1.20 MeV 1.46/cm, 0.68 cm 1.70 107 m/s, 4.12 104/cm3 6 1013/(cm2 s), 0.02/cm, 1.2 1012/(cm3 s) 0.207, 0.074, 88, 0.4 cm (a) (proof), (b) 1932 barns 2.74 1012/(cm3 s), 1.48 1012/(cm3 s) 4.59 10–7, 0.459 0.1852 barns 0.504/cm, 0.099 cm, 4.9%
4.17 1.9% 4.18 18.8 g/cm3, 0.0482 1024 cm–3, 0.0795 cm–1, 0.328 cm–1, 3.05 cm, 1.02 cm, 3.58 cm 4.19 v1 ffi –u1, v2 ffi 0, particle rebounds with original speed 4.20 (proof), a ¼ 0.98333, x ¼ 0.00838 4.21 (proof) 4.22 (proof) 4.23 (a) 1.19 MeV, endothermic 4.24 same answer as Example 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16
0.0233, 42.8 1.45 1021 Hz, 2.07 10–13 m (a) 0.245 MeV, (b) (proof), (c) E0 ¼ E0/2 0.62 MeV 0.0011 cm 0.033 1024/cm3, 0.46/cm, 1.5 cm (a) 0.289 cm 0.39 cm, 1.81 10–5 C/cm3, 6.15 10–4 J/g 0.00218 MeV, 2206 8.16 10–14 J, 5.91 109 K 85.5% 41.8 keV, 50 keV 1.9%, 95.1% (a) 0.075, 0.078, (b) 0.249, 0.256 (proof) (a) 0.00256 MeV
6.1 6.53 MeV 6.2 100 38 Sr 6.3 (a) 66.4 MeV, 99.6 MeV, (b) 140, 93, (c) 0.96 107 m/s, 1.44 107 m/s 6.4 168.5 MeV 6.5 (a) 2.299 6.6 1.0% U-235 6.7 0.0057 g/day 6.8 8.09 106 kg/d, 5.89 106 kg/d, 5.18 106 kg/d 6.9 (a) 1.22 n/g s 6.10 (a) 1.19 g/MWt d 6.11 (proof)
Appendix B Textbook-specific information
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8
0.0265 amu, 24.7 MeV (verification) 0.453 kg/d, 17,620 kg/day (a) 3.10 106 m/s, (b) 2.7 1017/cm3 9.3 105 K 0.305 MeV (a) 0.476 MeV 3.4 109 K
8.1 (sample) 8.2 (activity) 8.3 Q ¼ 5.70 MeV, EC ¼ 2.62 MeV 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12
10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10
0.114 V (a) 4.70 MV 2.5 MHz 0.131 ms (derivation) 0.183 Wb/m2 (a) 1.96 MeV/rev, (b) ¼ 299791633 m/s, (c) 1.33 tesla 214.7 amu, 0.99999 746 mA, 373 MW (proof), 5.2 10–11 20.958 ms, 9 picoseconds (a) DE(keV) ffi [88.46/R(m)][E(GeV)]4, (b) 8.8 10–14, (c) P ffi ae2/(6p e0c3) 5.88 1010 ip/(cm3 s), 2.2 10–9/s 200 1.67 mrad, 3.34 mrem, 6.7 10–4 0.8% 400 mrem, 4 mSv 1/(1 þ tH/tB), 1/3 (a) 240 mrem/y, (b) 1000 mrad/y $2.55/mrem (proof) (a) 14, 5
11.1 834 mrem/y, 199 mrem/y 11.2 45.3 mCi
11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6
12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17
527
5 10–4 mCi/cm3 Boron 257/(cm2 s) 0.33, 0.1, 1.7, 3.3, 0.05 (in mCi/mL): 2.96 10–7, 2.81 10–7, 3.15 10–7 (a) 7.60 d, 94.6 d, 69.6 d 3.35 10–6 mCi/g (a) 0.19 mrem/y 0.085 (a) 0.017 Bq/mL (a) 0.24 /(cm2 s) (a) 1.19 1021/cm3, (b) 2.66 1019/cm3 0.0165 6.0 105 0.30 10 (a) n ¼ 1: P(0) ¼ 0.5, P(1) ¼ 0.5; n ¼ 2: P(0) ¼ 0.25, P(1) ¼ 0.50, P(2) ¼ 0.25; n ¼ 3: P(0) ¼ 0.125, P(1) ¼ 0.375, P(2) ¼ 0.375, P(3) ¼ 0.125, (b) throw once: P(0) ¼ 5/6, P(1) ¼ 1/6, throw twice: P(0) ¼ 25/36, P(1) ¼ 10/36, P(2) ¼ 1/36 p ¼ 1/6; n ¼ 1, x ¼ 1/6: P(0) ¼ 0.846, P(1) ¼ 0.141; n ¼ 2, x ¼ 1/3: P(0) ¼ 0.717, P(1) ¼ 0.239, P(2) ¼ 0.040 (a) 740 cps, 4.44 104 counts, (b) 211 counts, (c) 4 10–8 (a) (proof), (b) 0.2907, (c) 0.2623 (derivation) (a) ei ¼ 0.948 (a) 0.24 /(cm2 s), 8.0 10–5, 2.4 cps, (b) 0.3 mrad/h (a) 2.79 MeV (proof) 12% 482 keV 0.262 MeV
13.1 Fe-59 13.2 63 Li þ 10 n ! 31 H þ 42 He; 31 H þ 168 O ! 189 F þ10 n 13.3 0.63 mm
528
13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 15.11
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
3.0 s 3.15 108 y 2358 y ago 5.9 10–5 NRb/NSr ¼ 1/[exp(lt) – 1] (discussion) (discussion) 11.97 d 2.645 y 4.33 mg, 0.00745 cm Ir-192, Co-60, Cs-137 (a) 0.0871, (b) 0.1% 2.4 10–4 14 cpm 7.16 cm Am-241 and Cs-137 477 keV (a) 1060 g/(cm2 s) 5 mCi 241 rad 89.8 kg 19,500 Ci, 289 W 3.46 1013/(cm2 s) (discussion) 0.75 cm 2.9 m/min 4.5 kGy
(proof) 1.0030 (c) 0.0304, 0.0314 9.59 104 kg, 7.66 104 kg-SWU 0.71% 195 kg/d 488 (proof) 1.0030 0.422 kg/d, 0.578 kg/d 238.028909; 99.283382, 0.711366, 0.005309 15.12 (a) $36.99 M, gain $25.9 M 15.13 (a) 90.3 A, (b) 4.5 MW, (c) no
15.14 (a) 2.5 106 m/s2, 2.55 105, (b) 1.146 15.15 75 15.16 3.2% 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.11
(a) 2.21 2.04 1010/(cm2 s) (a) 1.171, 1.033, (b) 0.032 (a) 1.851, (b) 1.178, (c) 2.206 (a) 2.052, (b) yes r > 0, r ¼ 0, r < 0 0.0346 (a) 3.58 cm, (b) 0.0987 cm–2, (c) 0.441 (a) 13.58 cm2, (b) 0.361 (a) 0.030 /cm2, 0.73 0.43
17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15
(proof) (discussion) 150 W/cm2, 3 W/(cm2 C) 303 C 30 F (a) 1830 MW, 1350 MW, (b) 26% (a) 664 kg/s, (b) 2.6% (a) 8.09 106 m2, (b) 8.26 105 J/(m2 h) 20.5 million gal/day (proof) (b) (proof), (c) 0.76 (proof) 534 C 284 W/cm3 (proofs)
18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.10
(a) 10.2 MeV 1017/s (discussion) 10.6 ¢/kWh 12.5 million barrels, $1.125 billion (a) 8.64 106, (b) 89,700 kg, 2691 kg, (c) $91.9 M (a) 28.8 m3, 1.51 m, (b) 0.318 34% 93% 1073 d
Appendix B Textbook-specific information
18.11 (a) 55,200 18.12 8.24 1020/cm3 18.13 17% 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14
(proof) (proof) (proof) (plot) (proof) 0.33 (proof) (a) 1.09 106 cm3, 35.3 kg, (b) 8.78 105 cm3, 28.4 kg 3.876 (a) 161/B3, (b) 148/B3 (a) 684 cm2 (a) 0.9985 0.564p (a) 55 55
20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16
(proof) (a) 0.016, 2.40, (c) 7.7 10–4 s, (d) 63.8 s 30.3 s (a) 3.9 10–8 s, (b) 2.6 10–8 s 40 C increase –0.0208 (a) (proof), (b) 2.1 10–5/s, 0.039 156 ft3 1.43 min 117, 138, 150, 152, 153; yes 0.0195 (c) 9.0% (a) 1.84 w/o, (b) 2.23 w/o (c) 29,440 MWd/tonne B(3) ¼ (3/2)B1, B(4) ¼ (8/5)B1 (proof)
21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4
(discussion) (proof) (discussion) (a), (b), (c), (e) active, (d) passive, (f) inherent
21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14
529
0.90 s 0.0068, 0.0046, 0.0034, 0.0021 1.11 10–4 0.6 or 60% (a) 600 kJ/kg, (b) some melting 5.5 ms (graph) 20.5 GJ 4.8 (a) 1.67 1014/s
22.1 (a) (proof), (b) 0.0718 g, 1.23 Ci 22.2 (a) (proof), (b) 7.81 km/s, (c) 22,284 mi, 35,855 km 22.3 96% 22.4 (a) 0.71 W/g 22.5 (a) 36.3 kW 22.6 (a) 0.586 kW/m2 22.7 0.166 22.8 (a) 74,200 Ci 22.9 (a) 60.7 kg
23.1 (a) 25,100 Bq/g, 95,800 Bq/g, (b) 49%, 85% 23.2 (a) PWR 65,500 MWe, BWR 32,500 MWe, Total 98,000 MWe, (b) 4,496 m3 23.3 0–10 d I-131; 10 d–114 d Ce-141; 114 d–4.25 y Ce-144; 4.25 y–653 y Cs-137; >653 y I-129 23.4 98.7% 23.5 1.05 1013 cm3 /s, 2.22 1010 ft3/min 23.6 (a) 0.113 MW, (b) 31 d 23.7 (a) 4.6%, 56.6%, 34.6%, 4.3%, (b) 987 kg, (c) 1215 kg, (d) 82% 23.8 (a) 33.219, (b) 956 y, 999 y, 801 ky 23.9 (a) (proof), (b) 1.215 107 /(cm2 s) 23.10 14 mg
24.1 4.78 1016 kg, 91 billion y 24.2 4.88, 9966
530
APPENDIX B Textbook-specific information
24.3 (a) 14,120, (c) 474 quads, 0.474 Q, (d) 6.24 1030 24.4 28 tonne/y 24.5 (a) 0.337 24.6 (proof) 24.7 34.7 y 24.8 (a) $0.074 /kWh 24.9 $457 million
26.1 26.2 23.3 26.4
25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9
27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.9
1.7, 0.7 0.986 (discussion) 2.61, 0.20 6300 kg, 10.6 y (a) (proof), (b) no (proofs) (a) 0, (b) Mg-24 111 y
0.1 mm, 0.65 cm (proof) (proof) 5.72 1014 J/kg, 0.116; $500/kg, 0.0003 ¢/kWh 26.5 (proof) 26.6 0.888 MeV 26.7 (a), (b) proofs, (c) 2.56 1013 m, (d) 3.58 1013 m, (e) 227 times, 199 times 0.57 cm Every 1.61 d, 227/y 8 reactors (a) 10.4 y 7.65 1013 g/cm2, 1.9 1013 n/cm2 3.7 1010 g/cm2 (proof) 1.6 108 n/s 266 kg