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The acceptability of alcohol fuels for automobile engines
Book Reviews periods allows one to obtain moments for the waiting time and the number of landing and departing aircraft. The analogy between a server (in a queueing system) rendering service, and the controller’s reactions to stimuli in his workplace is used in the third problem to propose different ways to analyze human fatigue. In the last problem. after a review of the latest results in diffusion approximations and queueing network theory. a method of analysis is proposed.
Routing strategies for an idealized airline network. Jeng, Chawn-Yaw. Ph.D. University of California. Berkeley, 1987. 160 pp. Chairman: Carlos F. Daganzo Order Number DA8813928 Airline network routing is primarily composed of point-topoint operation and hub-and-spoke operation. Although a varietv of issues concerning this subject have been studied extensively, the relationships between airline network routing. emphasized by hubbing, and key network parameters in terms of demand level, area size, and number of nodes have not been fully understood. The objective of this thesis is to understand the impacts of the above key network parameters on whether each city pair should be served with point-to-point or hub-and-spoke operation. This objective is accomplished .by using several approximate models under the single-hub network with minimal total cost. Each proposed routing strategy has a system measure to reflect its routing configurations. These system measures divide OD pairs, based on their relative locations. into two portions served by point-to-point and hub-and-spoke operation, respectively. Costs to be minimized include passenger costs of schedule delays, line-haul time. and transfer delays; and airline operating cost. The relationships between the optimal system measures and network parameters are explored with two spatial configurations: circular and multi-ring network. According to the models, demand has positive and very significant impacts toward the use of point-to-point operation. However, number of nodes and area size have negative and very insignificant impacts. As the time value of schedule delay increases or the time value of enroute time or income decreases, more OD pairs should be served with hub-and-spoke operation. The total cost is generally not very sensitive to aircraft capacity and system measure in the vicinity of its optimum. According to the model applications, models considering spatial and demand variations can more accurately represent the real world. The models are robust in terms of accommodating demand and spatial variations. The models also reasonably reflect the hubbing phenomenon in the U.S. and the significant impact of demand on shaping the routing patterns for the real airline network. Due to the simplified assumptions used in network modelling and routing strategies, the proposed solutions from this thesis are neither real nor “the” optimum. However, the purpose is to understand the basic impacts of network parameters on the proposed routing strategies through simple and approximate models.
Taxonomy of world air transport. Osumah, Edeki Francis, Ph.D. Universiry of Kenrucky, 1987.304~~. Director: John Order No. DA8715948 Hutchinson A methodology
for characterizing and classifying countries of the world so that their air transport demand and supply can be evaluated is presented. The study examined the demand and supply of air transport services in relation to the socio-economic, political, demographic, and geographical characteristics of nations. The classification methodologv involved all countries of the world and was made possible by the availability of data from various interna-
337
tional organizations such as the publications of the United Nations (UN) and the International Civil Aviation organization (ICAO). Various statistical methods including correlation analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were utilized to process and investigate the resulting database for the countries of the world with developed air transportation system. Homogeneous groups of countries were identified based on their air transport demand and supply potentials. This provided a better framework for the examination and evaluation of the differences and similarities between countries of the world in the consumption and supply of air transport. Based on stepwise regression procedures. disaggregate air transport models were developed for each group of countries. Results of the model simulation were reasonable and acceptable coefficients of determination were reported for most of the models.
ENERGY The acceptability
of alcohol fuels for automobile engines. Sidhu, Jotinderpal Singh. Ph.D. Asron University (Unired Kingdom), 1988. 405 pp. Order Number BRDX83355
The objective of this research was to carry. out an investigation into suitable alternatives to gasohne for use in modern automobiles. It has been shown that methanol and ethanol can provide this alternative. A Fiat 127 903 cm3 four cvlinder engine with a Weber fixed jet carburetor was usedio carry o;t performance and exhaust emission comparisons. Manifold geometry studies were carried out on the Ricardo E6 single cylinder engine and alternative designs to the intake manifold to improve the efficiency have been suggested. A range of components from the carburetor were tested with the alcohols for material compatibility, results from which suggested that different materials to the ones presently used would be needed. Studies of distillation curve profiles showed that ‘*start-up” and drivability would be a major drawback when using alcohol fuels. Additives to improve start-up and driveability have been suggested. A method of utilizing possible alternative energy sources in ground transportation. Hamilton, William R. Ph.D. University of Colorado at Boulder, 1987. 155 pp. Director:
William S. Pollard, Jr.
Order Number DA8716260
This work discusses the magnitude of the problem of depleting world oil reserves and their impact on ground transportation systems. One of several possible solutions is postulated and analyzed. The solution examined is one in which energy from various sources, both renewable and nonrenewable. is converted to electricity and distributed throughout the roadway network for use by vehicles. The energy is transferred to the vehicle via an on-board noncontacting, inductively coupled. pick up. The power distribution system is fully compatible with existing vehicles and with pedestrians. A Hedonic Choice Model is developed to predict the market penetration of electric vehicles through the year 2030. A life cycle cost optimization model and a system simulation model are developed to analyze a system for the Denver metropolitan area. The results indicate that such a system is both economically and technically feasible. About 3600 lane miles of roadway would need to be electrified. This system would serve about 90% of all metro trips and would cost less than two billion dollars. This system could provide mobility equivalent to that which we presently experience, through the forseeable future.
Routing strategies for an idealized airline network. Jeng, Chawn-Yaw. Ph.D. University of California. Berkeley, 1987. 160 pp. Chairman: Carlos F. Daganzo Order Number DA8813928 Airline network routing is primarily composed of point-topoint operation and hub-and-spoke operation. Although a varietv of issues concerning this subject have been studied extensively, the relationships between airline network routing. emphasized by hubbing, and key network parameters in terms of demand level, area size, and number of nodes have not been fully understood. The objective of this thesis is to understand the impacts of the above key network parameters on whether each city pair should be served with point-to-point or hub-and-spoke operation. This objective is accomplished .by using several approximate models under the single-hub network with minimal total cost. Each proposed routing strategy has a system measure to reflect its routing configurations. These system measures divide OD pairs, based on their relative locations. into two portions served by point-to-point and hub-and-spoke operation, respectively. Costs to be minimized include passenger costs of schedule delays, line-haul time. and transfer delays; and airline operating cost. The relationships between the optimal system measures and network parameters are explored with two spatial configurations: circular and multi-ring network. According to the models, demand has positive and very significant impacts toward the use of point-to-point operation. However, number of nodes and area size have negative and very insignificant impacts. As the time value of schedule delay increases or the time value of enroute time or income decreases, more OD pairs should be served with hub-and-spoke operation. The total cost is generally not very sensitive to aircraft capacity and system measure in the vicinity of its optimum. According to the model applications, models considering spatial and demand variations can more accurately represent the real world. The models are robust in terms of accommodating demand and spatial variations. The models also reasonably reflect the hubbing phenomenon in the U.S. and the significant impact of demand on shaping the routing patterns for the real airline network. Due to the simplified assumptions used in network modelling and routing strategies, the proposed solutions from this thesis are neither real nor “the” optimum. However, the purpose is to understand the basic impacts of network parameters on the proposed routing strategies through simple and approximate models.
Taxonomy of world air transport. Osumah, Edeki Francis, Ph.D. Universiry of Kenrucky, 1987.304~~. Director: John Order No. DA8715948 Hutchinson A methodology
for characterizing and classifying countries of the world so that their air transport demand and supply can be evaluated is presented. The study examined the demand and supply of air transport services in relation to the socio-economic, political, demographic, and geographical characteristics of nations. The classification methodologv involved all countries of the world and was made possible by the availability of data from various interna-
337
tional organizations such as the publications of the United Nations (UN) and the International Civil Aviation organization (ICAO). Various statistical methods including correlation analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were utilized to process and investigate the resulting database for the countries of the world with developed air transportation system. Homogeneous groups of countries were identified based on their air transport demand and supply potentials. This provided a better framework for the examination and evaluation of the differences and similarities between countries of the world in the consumption and supply of air transport. Based on stepwise regression procedures. disaggregate air transport models were developed for each group of countries. Results of the model simulation were reasonable and acceptable coefficients of determination were reported for most of the models.
ENERGY The acceptability
of alcohol fuels for automobile engines. Sidhu, Jotinderpal Singh. Ph.D. Asron University (Unired Kingdom), 1988. 405 pp. Order Number BRDX83355
The objective of this research was to carry. out an investigation into suitable alternatives to gasohne for use in modern automobiles. It has been shown that methanol and ethanol can provide this alternative. A Fiat 127 903 cm3 four cvlinder engine with a Weber fixed jet carburetor was usedio carry o;t performance and exhaust emission comparisons. Manifold geometry studies were carried out on the Ricardo E6 single cylinder engine and alternative designs to the intake manifold to improve the efficiency have been suggested. A range of components from the carburetor were tested with the alcohols for material compatibility, results from which suggested that different materials to the ones presently used would be needed. Studies of distillation curve profiles showed that ‘*start-up” and drivability would be a major drawback when using alcohol fuels. Additives to improve start-up and driveability have been suggested. A method of utilizing possible alternative energy sources in ground transportation. Hamilton, William R. Ph.D. University of Colorado at Boulder, 1987. 155 pp. Director:
William S. Pollard, Jr.
Order Number DA8716260
This work discusses the magnitude of the problem of depleting world oil reserves and their impact on ground transportation systems. One of several possible solutions is postulated and analyzed. The solution examined is one in which energy from various sources, both renewable and nonrenewable. is converted to electricity and distributed throughout the roadway network for use by vehicles. The energy is transferred to the vehicle via an on-board noncontacting, inductively coupled. pick up. The power distribution system is fully compatible with existing vehicles and with pedestrians. A Hedonic Choice Model is developed to predict the market penetration of electric vehicles through the year 2030. A life cycle cost optimization model and a system simulation model are developed to analyze a system for the Denver metropolitan area. The results indicate that such a system is both economically and technically feasible. About 3600 lane miles of roadway would need to be electrified. This system would serve about 90% of all metro trips and would cost less than two billion dollars. This system could provide mobility equivalent to that which we presently experience, through the forseeable future.