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The action of drugs upon the permeability of arteries
512
THE
AMERICAN
HEART
JOURNAL
current was increased, first a rise in blood pressure occurred which appeared to he simultaneous with onset of muscular contraction. Then due to marked slowing of the heart, ending in firm1 stoppage in diastole, occasionally to ventricular fibrillation, a sharp fall occurred. When stimulation with the strength of the alternating current constant but with gradually decreasing frequency of oscillation was used, observable effects on blood pressure or striate muscle did not occur until the frequency fell to 2,000 cycles per second. Arterial pressure then rose but not until 50 cycles per second was reached did the heart stop and fall in pressure occur. J. M. S.
Neuhaus, I?. : Relation u. z. allg.
Path.
of Adrenal
97:
213,
Adenoma
in Hypertension.
Beitr.
z. path.
Anat.
1936.
Seven hundred adrenals were examined. The adenomas were in hypertensive persons as in those with normal blood pressure. adrenal is considered a sequel and not a cause of hypertension.
twice as common Adenoma of the L. N.
Singer, R.: New Observations on the Circulation of the Lower Arterial Pressure in the Limb Vessels. Wien. klin. Wchnschr.
K.
Extremities. 49:
I.
44, 1936.
Changing from lying to sitting or standing position elevates the blood pressure in the lower extremity. This is attributed to a hydrostatic pressure change. Simply changing the position of the leg (or arm) leads to similar fluctuations of pressure. L. N.
K.
Apperly, Frank L., and Cary, M. Katharine: Arterial Hypertension. The Site and Significance of the High Chloride Content of the Blood. Am. J. M. SC. 194: 352, 1937. In a study hypertension,
to determine the site of increased blood chloride and if possible its significance, it was found:
1. The increased blood chloride 2. This increased cell chloride erythrocytic volume-index showed
in patients
with
arterial
is wholly confined to the red cells. is not the result of acidemia, since pH no significant deviations from the normal.
and
AUTEOR.
Zetter: Path,
The Action u. Pharmakol.
of Drugs Upon the Permeability 185:
of Arteries.
Arch. f. exper.
141, 1937.
Estimations of the permeability of carotid arteries of swine and a few human femoral arteries were made by the method of Lange. This method consists of placing a 6 to 10 cm. length of artery, tied at each end to a cannula and connected to a manometer, in a small bath (20 C.C. capacity) at body temperature. The lumen of the artery and the surrounding bath are filled with solutions or suspensions different in nature and the passage of material in or out of the artery observed. The intactness of the arteries, chiefly the absence of minute branches, was insured by discarding those which were permeable to congo red, normal arteries having been shown earlier by Lange to be impermeable to this dye. The influence of the addition of drugs either to the fluid surrounding or contained in arteries upon their permeability to fluorescin and napthol yellow was then tested. Zetter found that nitrites, and either purine or mercurial diuretics increase, and that calcium and The forcefulness of the nicotine decrease permeability of the arterial walls. conclusions are, however, somewhat vitiated by the fact that quantitative measure-
SELECTED
urrnts seem not to have been possible even t,hough of the content, of dyes in the bathing fluids. The permeability is slightly or markedly increased or in Iliarnetrr of lumen apprxred not to hc rolatc~d
Goedel, A. : Path.
49:
Primary
Sarcoma
of
the
513
ABSTRACTS
photometric estimations were made author merely gives statements that decreased, or unchanged. Changes lo rlr;rngcV in pcVmcahility.
Pulmonary
Artery.
Frankfurt.
Ztschr.
f.
1, 1936.
A case is reported in a forty-seven-year-old man, the fifth in the literature, of a sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. All cases were diagnosed postmortem. In this case the tumor masses were in the lumina of the vessels, resembling emboli or thrombi grossly. The diagnosis was apparent on histological examination. Only in two cases was growth apparent outside the vessel wall. Metastases were present in the lungs and right heart, cavity. L. h-. K. Perlow,
Samuel,
Ergotamine
and Bloch, Leon: Impending Uangrene Tartrate. J. A. M. A. 109: 27, 1937.
of the Feet Due to
In a case of ergotamine tartrate poisoning with impending gangrene of the feet, an apparently complete cure was brought about by the use of papaverine hydrochloride. The patient had received 3.5 mg. of ergotamine tartrate in divided doses within eleven days. On the last day of this medication there was severe pain in the toes and evidences of arterial insufficiency. Seven hypodermic injections of gr. Yh of morphine were required in twenty-four hours to afford relief of the pain. There was no pulsation in dorsalis pedis or posterior tibia1 arteries. A diagnosis of spasm and a possibly beginning occlusion of the arteries of both feet was made. Two days later, he was given gr. Vz of papaverine hydrochloride intravenously, and gr. lb2 twice the next day, following which the pain was relieved and there was great improvement in the condition of the feet. Arterial pulsations returned. On each of the next two days, gr. ?(J of papaverine hydrocholoride was given by mouth. Suction and pressure was used toward the end of the papaverine therapy. Within thesr several days, all signs and symptoms of occlusion disappeared.
H. M. Singer, R.: New Observations II. Normal and Pathological klin.
Wchnschr.
49:
on the Circulation of the Lower Extremities. Circulatory Changes in the Limb Veins. Wirrr.
366, 1936.
The author determines the emptying ability from the vein as follows: the artery is compressed with the limb horizontal, and it is observed that following lowering of the limb 45” below horizontal the vein fills from above, whereas no filling occurs on returning the limb to the horizontal position following elevation of the limb 45”. The state of the vein wall is determined by stretching the vein after stopping the flow from the capillaries. An abnormal vein rigidity is indicated when the vessel remains elevated. The rate of flow into the vein is determined by the refilling time on release of the peripheral compression point of a stretch of vein emptied between c~omprrssion points. L. N. X.
Singer, R.: New Observations on the Circulation of the Lower III. Clinical Observations. Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 49: 571, 1936. TIP blood pressure in upper extremity, especially
the lower ext,remity in when t,here is endarteritis.
Extremities.
disease sinks to the level in the This blood pressure difference
THE
AMERICAN
HEART
JOURNAL
current was increased, first a rise in blood pressure occurred which appeared to he simultaneous with onset of muscular contraction. Then due to marked slowing of the heart, ending in firm1 stoppage in diastole, occasionally to ventricular fibrillation, a sharp fall occurred. When stimulation with the strength of the alternating current constant but with gradually decreasing frequency of oscillation was used, observable effects on blood pressure or striate muscle did not occur until the frequency fell to 2,000 cycles per second. Arterial pressure then rose but not until 50 cycles per second was reached did the heart stop and fall in pressure occur. J. M. S.
Neuhaus, I?. : Relation u. z. allg.
Path.
of Adrenal
97:
213,
Adenoma
in Hypertension.
Beitr.
z. path.
Anat.
1936.
Seven hundred adrenals were examined. The adenomas were in hypertensive persons as in those with normal blood pressure. adrenal is considered a sequel and not a cause of hypertension.
twice as common Adenoma of the L. N.
Singer, R.: New Observations on the Circulation of the Lower Arterial Pressure in the Limb Vessels. Wien. klin. Wchnschr.
K.
Extremities. 49:
I.
44, 1936.
Changing from lying to sitting or standing position elevates the blood pressure in the lower extremity. This is attributed to a hydrostatic pressure change. Simply changing the position of the leg (or arm) leads to similar fluctuations of pressure. L. N.
K.
Apperly, Frank L., and Cary, M. Katharine: Arterial Hypertension. The Site and Significance of the High Chloride Content of the Blood. Am. J. M. SC. 194: 352, 1937. In a study hypertension,
to determine the site of increased blood chloride and if possible its significance, it was found:
1. The increased blood chloride 2. This increased cell chloride erythrocytic volume-index showed
in patients
with
arterial
is wholly confined to the red cells. is not the result of acidemia, since pH no significant deviations from the normal.
and
AUTEOR.
Zetter: Path,
The Action u. Pharmakol.
of Drugs Upon the Permeability 185:
of Arteries.
Arch. f. exper.
141, 1937.
Estimations of the permeability of carotid arteries of swine and a few human femoral arteries were made by the method of Lange. This method consists of placing a 6 to 10 cm. length of artery, tied at each end to a cannula and connected to a manometer, in a small bath (20 C.C. capacity) at body temperature. The lumen of the artery and the surrounding bath are filled with solutions or suspensions different in nature and the passage of material in or out of the artery observed. The intactness of the arteries, chiefly the absence of minute branches, was insured by discarding those which were permeable to congo red, normal arteries having been shown earlier by Lange to be impermeable to this dye. The influence of the addition of drugs either to the fluid surrounding or contained in arteries upon their permeability to fluorescin and napthol yellow was then tested. Zetter found that nitrites, and either purine or mercurial diuretics increase, and that calcium and The forcefulness of the nicotine decrease permeability of the arterial walls. conclusions are, however, somewhat vitiated by the fact that quantitative measure-
SELECTED
urrnts seem not to have been possible even t,hough of the content, of dyes in the bathing fluids. The permeability is slightly or markedly increased or in Iliarnetrr of lumen apprxred not to hc rolatc~d
Goedel, A. : Path.
49:
Primary
Sarcoma
of
the
513
ABSTRACTS
photometric estimations were made author merely gives statements that decreased, or unchanged. Changes lo rlr;rngcV in pcVmcahility.
Pulmonary
Artery.
Frankfurt.
Ztschr.
f.
1, 1936.
A case is reported in a forty-seven-year-old man, the fifth in the literature, of a sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. All cases were diagnosed postmortem. In this case the tumor masses were in the lumina of the vessels, resembling emboli or thrombi grossly. The diagnosis was apparent on histological examination. Only in two cases was growth apparent outside the vessel wall. Metastases were present in the lungs and right heart, cavity. L. h-. K. Perlow,
Samuel,
Ergotamine
and Bloch, Leon: Impending Uangrene Tartrate. J. A. M. A. 109: 27, 1937.
of the Feet Due to
In a case of ergotamine tartrate poisoning with impending gangrene of the feet, an apparently complete cure was brought about by the use of papaverine hydrochloride. The patient had received 3.5 mg. of ergotamine tartrate in divided doses within eleven days. On the last day of this medication there was severe pain in the toes and evidences of arterial insufficiency. Seven hypodermic injections of gr. Yh of morphine were required in twenty-four hours to afford relief of the pain. There was no pulsation in dorsalis pedis or posterior tibia1 arteries. A diagnosis of spasm and a possibly beginning occlusion of the arteries of both feet was made. Two days later, he was given gr. Vz of papaverine hydrochloride intravenously, and gr. lb2 twice the next day, following which the pain was relieved and there was great improvement in the condition of the feet. Arterial pulsations returned. On each of the next two days, gr. ?(J of papaverine hydrocholoride was given by mouth. Suction and pressure was used toward the end of the papaverine therapy. Within thesr several days, all signs and symptoms of occlusion disappeared.
H. M. Singer, R.: New Observations II. Normal and Pathological klin.
Wchnschr.
49:
on the Circulation of the Lower Extremities. Circulatory Changes in the Limb Veins. Wirrr.
366, 1936.
The author determines the emptying ability from the vein as follows: the artery is compressed with the limb horizontal, and it is observed that following lowering of the limb 45” below horizontal the vein fills from above, whereas no filling occurs on returning the limb to the horizontal position following elevation of the limb 45”. The state of the vein wall is determined by stretching the vein after stopping the flow from the capillaries. An abnormal vein rigidity is indicated when the vessel remains elevated. The rate of flow into the vein is determined by the refilling time on release of the peripheral compression point of a stretch of vein emptied between c~omprrssion points. L. N. X.
Singer, R.: New Observations on the Circulation of the Lower III. Clinical Observations. Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 49: 571, 1936. TIP blood pressure in upper extremity, especially
the lower ext,remity in when t,here is endarteritis.
Extremities.
disease sinks to the level in the This blood pressure difference