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The action of the low and very low temperatures on the tissues of some mammalian organs
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A.BS'I']tACTS OF INTEIREST •~i;I tile ~'apur flllx o r i g i l l a . l i n g fl'Olli {he t m r l i a l ,,v:it:~l.Jri~iion o f t}il, l i q u i d : iti a d d i i i o n ; l}i~;,, t]et.~ I'O1"lil('tt l"l't)l]l lttt~ ~l't.-., :i.s oi1 tile' su]:,erfieial eva],O!':llit)l~i ith~'IllJllitq;l(fli, df.~ll'FlltiIli!S (h!~ ~lsi.!('tq (Ji'
f'I'4.",.'ZllIg. l.onll-'l'vrrn ile~ltlt~ (.tlllaincd in .lleicrografi.,: wil|i Modified l/one~ .tlreltarvd in i.lil, i.tradec Kri,,|ov(" 'l"i~tlt' lilac)k. ]{I.I'.'Y, t:{. l{.eirigeratio:~ N*'@"it<~ ' :~li,i ".t'~'vhl3,4,,~y. S.ii].,l*]~'lll,;;ll! I{)($5-=t, I.'593, 1!16D { Bulh,'tin ~ f lit,. I n(t, rlt~li.icll3al |_l~S~.l~lt, t~:'S ,~I' l{t4ri~,::.ral.i,m. P a r i s ) . } )Ottt ' ~I';1 Ti!~ ' ltlll~'{toB:li restllls ~;:;i. . IttOIllfl~'ft . . . fi s
(i,r,'f,;tr~-,.! <,;l
lit ~t)t' H r a d , . . , . J{ralovt: ']'isS!l,, ]$,ilik 't,-i,) lti~., ('z
:,i
1,.~ 343
~)i~:,ra.',i,:;n'.-..in 1S i~o~t)it.al~ w<:.,r,.. ~,,Vtq" :t t,,.?rio
i ~, :i!li~li~'t.i a h , ! +'1~[lt3-i]\'~'
oInq':itifill.-.
were, ;.-.'t1~'cc,ss.fll]. [~ were?
~j,.~,.~.r stwc,,ss'Iul 1]of tolaJ .f~liJurcs. all~! 55 o],.:'raI ~'I~S e 1()''; ; a'' "r'~ ' h~, i i II ~'~:<>:i ( ) l l ~ (~ f [ itt ~S(,'' 55 fa i}u-res. llitii, ~ ![~ait (ZIT,. i m l l w,.,r,. lil~, I'OStl[i ttl lrattst.qarit.'3i.~,i~, t]~ :<. i,:~t}~o]o,.tical ~!-~tl. th.{, I.l'U{.: ]~'I'{'!'llt~i~t; {>i i':i}~r~'
i~,]Ii~.,
¢Oi3St'qtltq.lti.V.
:i})Ol.II
7¢7
C:~.~(:'.-;
ll!
i:..~i,.,r,'~ )~:~_~, i,:.~,n s: lt~ii<.::! il:) dr,tail. o f t l i c 1.,o~ a i i d V e r y L o w " | ' c i n p e r a lilrt~. ', illli i}le "I'i~llt~b of ~."Ollit" }llililllia|tlili (.i(ttilT/:ts,
;%...-%HI)
t ">. ~.4VI.
Brain
under l)iffercnl "l'elllllertllilrl~ I t x t s . I. M_ V. (.'-ttMICI~Mi, Z. ~TIIANsI~Y, ,'111,~"I I X'~. "1"{15t..~x,~. } { !f~til'i I~T' l';i ii1111 S<'i+,rie~, ;till] ']'~.clin¢llo,,.,3". ~lil;tltt.>llil>lit 1965-:I. t>. 677. 1!165 ( t l u l l : : l i n !if lht' l n l e r n a l i o m l . l ln-
]-{f~frlel-'l':,il.jo!l
.~i'l,."';wc al~d "]'eehltolo~y. Stil_,l)Ic:nwl~t 1965-:I. ~,. i;().Fj. 19.55 ([~ulh:~t.iI1 ~f ttu, Inl¢,rimt.loriat lrt.stir. u~,:s (} 11 i { c f r i ~ t ! r a l t o n . ]?arJ.s )_ "]")i,.' k.idi~,W, lJv~,r, l.esi,ic],.'. 8.kel,,-~i.,a] lllllSf,Jt', ~iI](] i~,~.ir~ ~>f ad~lll r-.l.bbi,.s: were t:tJail_l~.alilcd for 40 day~ :11 ;~-ILl],(:'t"gil.ltrt:,~ O1" --"3(t(7. - 7 9 " ( ' . a i m ---196+C 'a:lh or witt,oul., t h e :tddii.ion of gly,'t, rot. A f I e r r.{i:l\~:lIl.~. 8t2C[1OIl._'5 ()f +,ti+.:s,.~ O1"~;ti.1~ VfOFI? ~:xartfirted w..:~i~ lh~-' ot)~.icat m]cro,s.cope. ])eel> atloralloi:ls Of d,~..~ c.,.-'IL-..-..howJltg dt.:.t'rt,asc, o f v o l u m e and s h r i n k a g e ,,i th,-, m.l,:h.i, w e r o obs~:rv~-.,d. T h e existene4:, o f -nU~lt: <'av~tlca 113 m a n y iibere of h e a r i a n d s k e l o t a I '~,'s;q~' wa~ poinl:ed OUl also. T h e de~r<,e of 1he .~i~,.--rat.~ons e n c o u n i . e r e d w a s different, in the. t i s s u e s ,~ ~h,e v m ' i o u s o r g a n s ; s u b s l . a n t i a l differ'ei~eos, ~.oo. ~,3,-(.ared It, exist, aIIlOIl~ elen,~enl.s of th'.~ ~amt~ s-=ue. T h e I~,,'oi:oetion o{ lhe m u l e r i a l w i t h g l y e e r o i .r~.~ved t.o be u s e f u l .
Levels o f -mAniinobutyri¢ Acid, Serotonin, Ascorbic Acid, a n d R ~ d u c e d .Glutattalone in
Analyzed Coliditiolis,
Sl it.lll.t',~ fir l-l(?frigt>i.:tl iOti, Pi.iris ). ltV]iott Olt#, wiitllS to l-(;llllt(/l'(, tlt,, l,.vels fii" It ti~slle eOllStiluetlt Illtdtq" ~.|it'flw~.qlt exl~{'riiii~'l~lal ll'('alIllf.qll;% il iS ll(','f.*SS;tl'y, if' I;11(' a l l a l y t i c : l l f'~'silllS al"t'
I.o t,:, i
to lit,, d.. !'i~',, I,w,,is,
aiid lit iliiliilliiZ~? I fit" }~F'iili, ~ W~?Ff, +"Xl.t'avi.+'d
t1, ~'(.,IlSlll~"t"
ltosl i~ltti'lal t'iialiTi'S. }{.'il f tS(J !~l 200 glit wei<,zilt)
a f t e r tin, }ma~l had l:,.,c.,l~ fromqt ill li~il.iid !lJ!lt)~4'li (A). it) (.7():-t'lh:liiol tliiXltlr~' (]t). or illir~ie.ttiil(,.,ly" a f t e r {tit! a l l i l t i a l had t:t<,.~ql killed, Willlotll ltrii[i,,ial c o o l i n g tO'). \\'c, o!~s,,,rv,,d i t , , lt,lli]~:,l'lll.tll'!, ttt,cr~,:i~,, in (tit" m i d d ] , - ,>f th,- llr;iill l.lllfif, i" cond/ri,:m:~ .:t
;.tlit]
B.
vi~.l~ tiJl'(,~, lilri<,s .hi.<_,her Jr) :% than in B. ()no. ran {iSS/.llltf = i.l'lat 111(' ,'tlaIiges a,l'l' l.ilor~, pictllOlliif'~.,d wtlotl l ii~-' sltltlied
Tll,',
~,i.)O}illg
l'-it?~*
cx)n;,,ii!uer~i is sul.;jeclcd
~{~ ,,.i i';.i.]~Jd ilmlaboli~: t i l r D t)v~:,r :.tll<`t WItf,It l hf" syltlllt'~iZlll~ :llllt cat:it>olilic ,~,vstt'llls al'(' .~tqilSililr' iti (ht}:~,r,,ll, + (J(.:gi'~'e,< 7t"t tlllfIXi{' ali(I il![]lt(r llO,.4.!lllorial c,.mditioris. The., iil(:rl'lt.s!' it] 3'a.niirioburyri,, a.c.id, whiclt is vc, rv Iriark+,~t c<.ve~, wl~:?n v o m J i t i o n B i.-c'orllparc'd t(, ;\. is Jll :igreelrli:rll WI|.}I i_his sulbt~ositJt.m: tit,, ~h;i.;-t~lli+-a+,id decart.~,.-Ixyia.-~¢, 1~. il2 faCI.o ;tbl+., ~ w~irk t;13dv,r -tllafH'Olr)ic f~ll"('~llllS!IIII~'o~. ]'tl:' r~;',+Ull.~ we.!':' COml,,ar~,d l ft lt.,t, t,uhlislv-,tt litv, l:a! 1.il'(;-* T h , , srq'ol~irliil ' ' "~'is ill brain show 1("~ :1 dtJWltWitF{!
'Fhe A c t i o n {i'l-gltll~,
il,-ti
i l'i'itll
Wii~'li
IFF';It.IIIf?Itl.S
.,'~. B. ;;ill(] C ,ql'(y
c(llrip:tr+,~t. T i i o ~tiI;tlJiitl,'ioi! w i l M J wlN f.,xl>(:,.-~el] t.}l~ > sol'litorllll I~ i.}i+> a,-ii~sll Of lho lliOtl<'alllil-.l+, t)xvda,.a.'(.,, Ascorbiv acid. whi<,'h is .-~ ~'oli.-.'littliel~I w i t h a rathe," low tm'n,:~w*r, di,.t m.n show a difi'(,.rt~nr~: ac~-ordin~ i:o liio t h p r m a l rr{:a|llmll!. "]'h,, sli~i~l d,::,<'r,.:,asv in redlleed ~]ljl,<.~ihittIlf'
(])f"iWt'~(3ll
-~t ::l.Ild
(7
{l'('tTlll]f'/tts}
wt.is
IllJ{
s~m.istically ;-;i~nJfi(::ll:l t. lwvcsfigation of Sonic Processes Occurring ira Apple Tissue.s at N e g a t i v c Tcmperatnres. (],oLm'~1x..N.A.. ax~ V . M . - C J t r - t ~ . x i s l m r . _I{e.frJ~(,i~tiioi:l Scient',:, find T~.cl:mc)loz3", :..qtltq,h :+iliad.Ill !.~;15M. tJ. 0~.~.:J. I905 ( B u l l e t i n <,.if rim ili1.,et'lldl.iOIl:t.t Ii~tJlul;~os of ]{efrige:r~liitm, .Parb,). A n in,-:lallati,:.m has. i)f:
foF
alttOilliLtiit.'H.1iy."
lI/l~3.iI'.~ll.l.iS.lit/~
~1 ('Oil-
stani l.OmlnTrature ir~ :m i n t e r v a l f r o m 3 0 " ( 7 to - - 0 0 : C for ::t l.wa.cl:icaJly u n l i m i i e d p,,-,riod of t{tli;: wi{.h ])reei89 '{elI.lpol"alttl'e eoritrol o f t h e mediun~. Vsct)De.~. LlIld o t h e r d e v i c e s c>.ll~t be.~solm~.~t.ed to l;bis . . . .
A.BS'I']tACTS OF INTEIREST •~i;I tile ~'apur flllx o r i g i l l a . l i n g fl'Olli {he t m r l i a l ,,v:it:~l.Jri~iion o f t}il, l i q u i d : iti a d d i i i o n ; l}i~;,, t
f'I'4.",.'ZllIg. l.onll-'l'vrrn ile~ltlt~ (.tlllaincd in .lleicrografi.,: wil|i Modified l/one~ .tlreltarvd in i.lil, i.tradec Kri,,|ov(" 'l"i~tlt' lilac)k. ]{I.I'.'Y, t:{. l{.eirigeratio:~ N*'@"it<~ ' :~li,i ".t'~'vhl3,4,,~y. S.ii].,l*]~'lll,;;ll! I{)($5-=t, I.'593, 1!16D { Bulh,'tin ~ f lit,. I n(t, rlt~li.icll3al |_l~S~.l~lt, t~:'S ,~I' l{t4ri~,::.ral.i,m. P a r i s ) . } )Ottt ' ~I';1 Ti!~ ' ltlll~'{toB:li restllls ~;:;i. . IttOIllfl~'ft . . . fi s
(i,r,'f,;tr~-,.! <,;l
lit ~t)t' H r a d , . . , . J{ralovt: ']'isS!l,, ]$,ilik 't,-i,) lti~., ('z
:,i
1,.~ 343
~)i~:,ra.',i,:;n'.-..in 1S i~o~t)it.al~ w<:.,r,.. ~,,Vtq" :t t,,.?rio
i ~, :i!li~li~'t.i a h , ! +'1~[lt3-i]\'~'
oInq':itifill.-.
were, ;.-.'t1~'cc,ss.fll]. [~ were?
~j,.~,.~.r stwc,,ss'Iul 1]of tolaJ .f~liJurcs. all~! 55 o],.:'raI ~'I~S e 1()''; ; a'' "r'~ ' h~, i i II ~'~:<>:i ( ) l l ~ (~ f [ itt ~S(,'' 55 fa i}u-res. llitii, ~ ![~ait (ZIT,. i m l l w,.,r,. lil~, I'OStl[i ttl lrattst.qarit.'3i.~,i~, t]~ :<. i,:~t}~o]o,.tical ~!-~tl. th.{, I.l'U{.: ]~'I'{'!'llt~i~t; {>i i':i}~r~'
i~,]Ii~.,
¢Oi3St'qtltq.lti.V.
:i})Ol.II
7¢7
C:~.~(:'.-;
ll!
i:..~i,.,r,'~ )~:~_~, i,:.~,n s: lt~ii<.::! il:) dr,tail. o f t l i c 1.,o~ a i i d V e r y L o w " | ' c i n p e r a lilrt~. ', illli i}le "I'i~llt~b of ~."Ollit" }llililllia|tlili (.i(ttilT/:ts,
;%...-%HI)
t ">. ~.4VI.
Brain
under l)iffercnl "l'elllllertllilrl~ I t x t s . I. M_ V. (.'-ttMICI~Mi, Z. ~TIIANsI~Y, ,'111,~"I I X'~. "1"{15t..~x,~. } { !f~til'i I~T' l';i ii1111 S<'i+,rie~, ;till] ']'~.clin¢llo,,.,3". ~lil;tltt.>llil>lit 1965-:I. t>. 677. 1!165 ( t l u l l : : l i n !if lht' l n l e r n a l i o m l . l ln-
]-{f~frlel-'l':,il.jo!l
.~i'l,."';wc al~d "]'eehltolo~y. Stil_,l)Ic:nwl~t 1965-:I. ~,. i;().Fj. 19.55 ([~ulh:~t.iI1 ~f ttu, Inl¢,rimt.loriat lrt.stir. u~,:s (} 11 i { c f r i ~ t ! r a l t o n . ]?arJ.s )_ "]")i,.' k.idi~,W, lJv~,r, l.esi,ic],.'. 8.kel,,-~i.,a] lllllSf,Jt', ~iI](] i~,~.ir~ ~>f ad~lll r-.l.bbi,.s: were t:tJail_l~.alilcd for 40 day~ :11 ;~-ILl],(:'t"gil.ltrt:,~ O1" --"3(t(7. - 7 9 " ( ' . a i m ---196+C 'a:lh or witt,oul., t h e :tddii.ion of gly,'t, rot. A f I e r r.{i:l\~:lIl.~. 8t2C[1OIl._'5 ()f +,ti+.:s,.~ O1"~;ti.1~ VfOFI? ~:xartfirted w..:~i~ lh~-' ot)~.icat m]cro,s.cope. ])eel> atloralloi:ls Of d,~..~ c.,.-'IL-..-..howJltg dt.:.t'rt,asc, o f v o l u m e and s h r i n k a g e ,,i th,-, m.l,:h.i, w e r o obs~:rv~-.,d. T h e existene4:, o f -nU~lt: <'av~tlca 113 m a n y iibere of h e a r i a n d s k e l o t a I '~,'s;q~' wa~ poinl:ed OUl also. T h e de~r<,e of 1he .~i~,.--rat.~ons e n c o u n i . e r e d w a s different, in the. t i s s u e s ,~ ~h,e v m ' i o u s o r g a n s ; s u b s l . a n t i a l differ'ei~eos, ~.oo. ~,3,-(.ared It, exist, aIIlOIl~ elen,~enl.s of th'.~ ~amt~ s-=ue. T h e I~,,'oi:oetion o{ lhe m u l e r i a l w i t h g l y e e r o i .r~.~ved t.o be u s e f u l .
Levels o f -mAniinobutyri¢ Acid, Serotonin, Ascorbic Acid, a n d R ~ d u c e d .Glutattalone in
Analyzed Coliditiolis,
Sl it.lll.t',~ fir l-l(?frigt>i.:tl iOti, Pi.iris ). ltV]iott Olt#, wiitllS to l-(;llllt(/l'(, tlt,, l,.vels fii" It ti~slle eOllStiluetlt Illtdtq" ~.|it'flw~.qlt exl~{'riiii~'l~lal ll'('alIllf.qll;% il iS ll(','f.*SS;tl'y, if' I;11(' a l l a l y t i c : l l f'~'silllS al"t'
I.o t,:, i
to lit,, d.. !'i~',, I,w,,is,
aiid lit iliiliilliiZ~? I fit" }~F'iili, ~ W~?Ff, +"Xl.t'avi.+'d
t1, ~'(.,IlSlll~"t"
ltosl i~ltti'lal t'iialiTi'S. }{.'il f tS(J !~l 200 glit wei<,zilt)
a f t e r tin, }ma~l had l:,.,c.,l~ fromqt ill li~il.iid !lJ!lt)~4'li (A). it) (.7():-t'lh:liiol tliiXltlr~' (]t). or illir~ie.ttiil(,.,ly" a f t e r {tit! a l l i l t i a l had t:t<,.~ql killed, Willlotll ltrii[i,,ial c o o l i n g tO'). \\'c, o!~s,,,rv,,d i t , , lt,lli]~:,l'lll.tll'!, ttt,cr~,:i~,, in (tit" m i d d ] , - ,>f th,- llr;iill l.lllfif, i" cond/ri,:m:~ .:t
;.tlit]
B.
vi~.l~ tiJl'(,~, lilri<,s .hi.<_,her Jr) :% than in B. ()no. ran {iSS/.llltf = i.l'lat 111(' ,'tlaIiges a,l'l' l.ilor~, pictllOlliif'~.,d wtlotl l ii~-' sltltlied
Tll,',
~,i.)O}illg
l'-it?~*
cx)n;,,ii!uer~i is sul.;jeclcd
~{~ ,,.i i';.i.]~Jd ilmlaboli~: t i l r D t)v~:,r :.tll<`t WItf,It l hf" syltlllt'~iZlll~ :llllt cat:it>olilic ,~,vstt'llls al'(' .~tqilSililr' iti (ht}:~,r,,ll, + (J(.:gi'~'e,< 7t"t tlllfIXi{' ali(I il![]lt(r llO,.4.!lllorial c,.mditioris. The., iil(:rl'lt.s!' it] 3'a.niirioburyri,, a.c.id, whiclt is vc, rv Iriark+,~t c<.ve~, wl~:?n v o m J i t i o n B i.-c'orllparc'd t(, ;\. is Jll :igreelrli:rll WI|.}I i_his sulbt~ositJt.m: tit,, ~h;i.;-t~lli+-a+,id decart.~,.-Ixyia.-~¢, 1~. il2 faCI.o ;tbl+., ~ w~irk t;13dv,r -tllafH'Olr)ic f~ll"('~llllS!IIII~'o~. ]'tl:' r~;',+Ull.~ we.!':' COml,,ar~,d l ft lt.,t, t,uhlislv-,tt litv, l:a! 1.il'(;-* T h , , srq'ol~irliil ' ' "~'is ill brain show 1("~ :1 dtJWltWitF{!
'Fhe A c t i o n {i'l-gltll~,
il,-ti
i l'i'itll
Wii~'li
IFF';It.IIIf?Itl.S
.,'~. B. ;;ill(] C ,ql'(y
c(llrip:tr+,~t. T i i o ~tiI;tlJiitl,'ioi! w i l M J w
(])f"iWt'~(3ll
-~t ::l.Ild
(7
{l'('tTlll]f'/tts}
wt.is
IllJ{
s~m.istically ;-;i~nJfi(::ll:l t. lwvcsfigation of Sonic Processes Occurring ira Apple Tissue.s at N e g a t i v c Tcmperatnres. (],oLm'~1x..N.A.. ax~ V . M . - C J t r - t ~ . x i s l m r . _I{e.frJ~(,i~tiioi:l Scient',:, find T~.cl:mc)loz3", :..qtltq,h :+iliad.Ill !.~;15M. tJ. 0~.~.:J. I905 ( B u l l e t i n <,.if rim ili1.,et'lldl.iOIl:t.t Ii~tJlul;~os of ]{efrige:r~liitm, .Parb,). A n in,-:lallati,:.m has. i)f:
foF
alttOilliLtiit.'H.1iy."
lI/l~3.iI'.~ll.l.iS.lit/~
~1 ('Oil-
stani l.OmlnTrature ir~ :m i n t e r v a l f r o m 3 0 " ( 7 to - - 0 0 : C for ::t l.wa.cl:icaJly u n l i m i i e d p,,-,riod of t{tli;: wi{.h ])reei89 '{elI.lpol"alttl'e eoritrol o f t h e mediun~. V