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The action of ultrasonic waves on polyphosphates
P. o., et al. uMraWmkdeta+uatfellofehatkaadin&atkgrep&.& of se&Is. AppZ. Mat., 2, No. 3, p. 170 (1963) The authors describe the methods used to measure the elastic and inelastic characteristics of isotropic materials. Both the resonana methods, which enable the internal damping of materials to be determined by measuring the decay of free oscillations, and the pulse technique of studying the interference of successive reSections of longitudinal and transverse waves are considered. A novel method of measuring ultrasonic absorption is described which, in combination with the constants of propagation of transverse and longitudinal waves, enables various coe&ients to be determined. (16 figures) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 119)
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-attumatieaiaslaglecsystalcadmlam. J. qqd. PIcys., 34, No. 5, p. 1503 (1963) Damping of longitudinal and shear waves in the 15-60 MC/S frequency range has been measured but the results cannot be accounted for by the known thermoelastic losses or damped oscillation of dislocation-line segments. The author stresses the incomplete understanding of acoustic damping in the MC/S frequency range in these crystals and hopes to stimulate additional research in this geld. (6 figures, 12 references) (Ultrusonics 1963, abstract 114) AK-, v. A., and IL’ICRW,v. I. Ont&apeetmIcriWienofcavitatienstreng&inwater. Akw. Zh., 9, No. 2, p. 158 (1963) The exact moment of the onset of cavitation is of some importance, and although a number of methods for its determination already exist, the author discusses yet another one, based on the analysis of the noise specuum. The equipment described is intended to be portable, simple to operate, and useful in field conditions. (1 table, 3 figures, 7 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 115) ARKIiANwxsKIl, M. E. Ontbelran!rf~ofubmaenicsurfacevihratcemliate rotary and traashtery movement ef a body. Akust. Zh., 9, No. 3, p. 275 (1963) Superposition of longitudinal and flexural vibrations in an ultrasonic concentrator results in a surface wave of elliptical properties which can be utilized to produce rotational energy in a shaft in close intermittent contact with the concentrator. All the properties of a so-called “ultrasonic motor” have not yet been critically determined but some of its possibilities have been discovered including reversibility of rotation; the motor can also be used in studies of various resonant systems. (4 figures, 4 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 116) RUAMUTH,
L.
BRAGINSKAYA,P. I., and BLPPIW,I. E waves 08 pelyphe@ate& TheaetieaefuMmaenk Macromolecu&r compoun&, 5, No. 5, p. 735 (1963) The authors investigated the action of ultrasonic waves on an aqueous solution of polyphosphate (NaPO& saturated with a number of gases (Os,Hs, Ns, He, Ar), at 800 kc/sand 20 W/cm* over a period of five hours. Ultrasonic waves depolymerixe polyphosphate but it retains its abiity to give a metachromatic reaction with toluidine blue, showing that the destruction of the polymer is negligible. (3 graphs, 1 table, 7 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 120) CBRF,R. btedof vuiable path. Acusticu, 13, No. 1, p. 57 (1963) The author deduces general equations for ultrasonic interferometers, both for single or for double transducers. The calculations are auried out for the variable path interferometer with one transducer only and so prove the adequacy of this simplified method of measurement, as has been predicted in an earlier publication. (3 figures, a references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 22Z) On the ultmndc
D. L., et al. TheeffectofcerteinvarhJWentbe&maenk d=vageaf phenol and ef pyrWue. J. Amer. Chem. Sot., 85, No. 2, p. 127 (1963) The authors cite current theories about the mechanism by which ultrasonic waves produce chemical changes; to test some of these, the et&t of, e.g. pH, dissolved gases and surface tension on the rate of production of acetylene in the ultrasonic reactions on aqueous solutions of phenol and pyridine has been examined. These experiments have been conducted in a number of gaseous atmospheres and it is concluded that the rate of production of acetylene is dependent upon the ratio of the specific heats of the dissolved gases but that the surface tension of the solution has no appreciable effect. (3 tables, 16 references) (Ultrusonics 1963, abstract 122) CURRRLL,
rotary drive mpy open mp IWIY’JHW applications for mkrodevfces. Electronics, 36, No. 2, p. 56 (1963) An ultrasonic rotor principle has been demonstrated whose theoretical limits allow a shaft to rotate at speeds approaching 1,000,000 rev/min. Apart from possibly drilling micron sized holes, it might also be applied to servo-drives, tiny control circuits and aerospace systems at extremes of temperature. Developed as a high speed dental drill, the drive seems to offer unlimited possibilities. (2 figures) (uztrusonics 1963, ubstruct 117)
DRANSFELD,
BANRs, B., et al. Ultnwodc flaw detedon in metals. WeJ&ng ad Metal Fabrication, 31, NO. 1, p. 33 and NO. 3, p. 114 (1963) Two comprehensive articles based on a chapter from the authors’ book of the same title which has recently been published by Iliffe Books Ltd. These articles cover general inspection techniques; the 6rst describes a number of inspection methods, i.e. continuous wave, pulse, resonance and transmission, reflection, and examines the practical precautions necessary for successful results, while the second deals mainly with standards and reference blocks. (17 figures) (UItrasonics 1963, obstruct 118)
ultmsmics, Scientific Americun, 208, No. 6, p. 60 (1963) The paper describes in simple non-mathematical terms how ultra-high-frequency acoustic waves interact with matter and other forms of energy in many intriguing ways. After describing the methods of generation and detection at these very high frequencies, the author examines the behaviour of sound energy at low temperatures. The interaction of ultrasonic waves with ions and electrons opens new methods in the study of matter as well as making it possible to amplify the waves. An excellent introduction to this fascinating new subject that is liiely to make a great impact on scientific progress. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 123)
tJhwonic
K.
KHomegacyde
ucnwso~cs/October-December
1963
ABsTRAcrs
13
RAsnRN,
ABSTRACTS AEowlTz,
0.
-attumatieaiaslaglecsystalcadmlam. J. qqd. PIcys., 34, No. 5, p. 1503 (1963) Damping of longitudinal and shear waves in the 15-60 MC/S frequency range has been measured but the results cannot be accounted for by the known thermoelastic losses or damped oscillation of dislocation-line segments. The author stresses the incomplete understanding of acoustic damping in the MC/S frequency range in these crystals and hopes to stimulate additional research in this geld. (6 figures, 12 references) (Ultrusonics 1963, abstract 114) AK-, v. A., and IL’ICRW,v. I. Ont&apeetmIcriWienofcavitatienstreng&inwater. Akw. Zh., 9, No. 2, p. 158 (1963) The exact moment of the onset of cavitation is of some importance, and although a number of methods for its determination already exist, the author discusses yet another one, based on the analysis of the noise specuum. The equipment described is intended to be portable, simple to operate, and useful in field conditions. (1 table, 3 figures, 7 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 115) ARKIiANwxsKIl, M. E. Ontbelran!rf~ofubmaenicsurfacevihratcemliate rotary and traashtery movement ef a body. Akust. Zh., 9, No. 3, p. 275 (1963) Superposition of longitudinal and flexural vibrations in an ultrasonic concentrator results in a surface wave of elliptical properties which can be utilized to produce rotational energy in a shaft in close intermittent contact with the concentrator. All the properties of a so-called “ultrasonic motor” have not yet been critically determined but some of its possibilities have been discovered including reversibility of rotation; the motor can also be used in studies of various resonant systems. (4 figures, 4 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 116) RUAMUTH,
L.
BRAGINSKAYA,P. I., and BLPPIW,I. E waves 08 pelyphe@ate& TheaetieaefuMmaenk Macromolecu&r compoun&, 5, No. 5, p. 735 (1963) The authors investigated the action of ultrasonic waves on an aqueous solution of polyphosphate (NaPO& saturated with a number of gases (Os,Hs, Ns, He, Ar), at 800 kc/sand 20 W/cm* over a period of five hours. Ultrasonic waves depolymerixe polyphosphate but it retains its abiity to give a metachromatic reaction with toluidine blue, showing that the destruction of the polymer is negligible. (3 graphs, 1 table, 7 references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 120) CBRF,R. btedof vuiable path. Acusticu, 13, No. 1, p. 57 (1963) The author deduces general equations for ultrasonic interferometers, both for single or for double transducers. The calculations are auried out for the variable path interferometer with one transducer only and so prove the adequacy of this simplified method of measurement, as has been predicted in an earlier publication. (3 figures, a references) (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 22Z) On the ultmndc
D. L., et al. TheeffectofcerteinvarhJWentbe&maenk d=vageaf phenol and ef pyrWue. J. Amer. Chem. Sot., 85, No. 2, p. 127 (1963) The authors cite current theories about the mechanism by which ultrasonic waves produce chemical changes; to test some of these, the et&t of, e.g. pH, dissolved gases and surface tension on the rate of production of acetylene in the ultrasonic reactions on aqueous solutions of phenol and pyridine has been examined. These experiments have been conducted in a number of gaseous atmospheres and it is concluded that the rate of production of acetylene is dependent upon the ratio of the specific heats of the dissolved gases but that the surface tension of the solution has no appreciable effect. (3 tables, 16 references) (Ultrusonics 1963, abstract 122) CURRRLL,
rotary drive mpy open mp IWIY’JHW applications for mkrodevfces. Electronics, 36, No. 2, p. 56 (1963) An ultrasonic rotor principle has been demonstrated whose theoretical limits allow a shaft to rotate at speeds approaching 1,000,000 rev/min. Apart from possibly drilling micron sized holes, it might also be applied to servo-drives, tiny control circuits and aerospace systems at extremes of temperature. Developed as a high speed dental drill, the drive seems to offer unlimited possibilities. (2 figures) (uztrusonics 1963, ubstruct 117)
DRANSFELD,
BANRs, B., et al. Ultnwodc flaw detedon in metals. WeJ&ng ad Metal Fabrication, 31, NO. 1, p. 33 and NO. 3, p. 114 (1963) Two comprehensive articles based on a chapter from the authors’ book of the same title which has recently been published by Iliffe Books Ltd. These articles cover general inspection techniques; the 6rst describes a number of inspection methods, i.e. continuous wave, pulse, resonance and transmission, reflection, and examines the practical precautions necessary for successful results, while the second deals mainly with standards and reference blocks. (17 figures) (UItrasonics 1963, obstruct 118)
ultmsmics, Scientific Americun, 208, No. 6, p. 60 (1963) The paper describes in simple non-mathematical terms how ultra-high-frequency acoustic waves interact with matter and other forms of energy in many intriguing ways. After describing the methods of generation and detection at these very high frequencies, the author examines the behaviour of sound energy at low temperatures. The interaction of ultrasonic waves with ions and electrons opens new methods in the study of matter as well as making it possible to amplify the waves. An excellent introduction to this fascinating new subject that is liiely to make a great impact on scientific progress. (Ultrasonics 1963, abstract 123)
tJhwonic
K.
KHomegacyde
ucnwso~cs/October-December
1963
ABsTRAcrs
13