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The adsorption, desorption, and exchange reactions of oxygen, hydrogen, and water on platinum surfaces IV. field emission studies on the adsorption of water, hydrogen and the reaction between hydrogen and adsorbed oxygen
A45 Surface Science 92 (1980) 1 - 1 3 © North-Holland Publishing Company THE ADSORPTION, DESORPTION, AND EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF O X Y G E N , H Y D R O G E N , A N D W A T E R ON P L A T I N U M S U R F A C E S W . Field e m i s s i o n studies o n t h e a d s o r p t i o n o f water, h y d r o g e n a n d t h e r e a c t i o n between hydrogen and adsorbed oxygen P.T. D A W S O N * a n d Y.K. P E N G
Chemistry Department and Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, LSS 4M1 Received 5 September 1979; accepted for publication 5 October 1979 Field electron emission microscopy has been used to study the adsorption of water on platinum and its production by the reaction of hydrogen with adsorbed oxygen. Techniques are described whereby clean reproducible Pt field emitters can be produced without irreversible contamination or excessive tip blunting. Direct water adsorption always led to emitter failure, consequently adsorbed water was produced by the reaction of hydrogen with adsorbed oxygen. This reaction occurred from 100 to 175 K with a decrease in work function from £x~ = +0.6 eV, for oxygen adsorption, to a minimum work function, A¢ = -0.55 eV, at 175 K. From 175 to 300 K the work function increases and reattains a positive shift, a ¢ - +0.2 eV, and a field emission pattern characteristic of adsorbed oxygen which are uninfluenced by further H 2 interaction up to 600 K. There is little change in emission anisotropy, but enhanced emission from Pt(110) planes suggests that the.reaction is particularly facile on this plane. The work function shifts indicate the formation of adsorbed water up to 175 K, which therefore forms an electropositive adsorbed state, followed by desorption of water in the interval 175 to 300 K from an adlayer stabilised by the presence of unreacted oxygen. These observations are in agreement with thermal desorption results, although the observation that part of the oxygen adlayer could not be reduced was surprising since thermal desorption studies suggested that this efficient reaction proceeded to completion. Rationalisation requires that the unreactive oxygen is undetected in the thermal desorption experiments and supporting evidence is given from oxygen adsorption, desorption and exchange, field emission and Auger electron spectroscopy experiments.
Surface Science 92 (1980) 1 4 - 2 8 © North-Holland Publishing Company SECONDARY-ION EMISSION FROM CLEAN AND OXYGEN-COVERED BERYLLIUM SURFACES I!. E n e r g y d e p e n d e n c e * A.R. K R A U S S a n d D.M. G R U E N
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Labbratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA Received 27 March 1979; accepted for publication 13 September 1979 The secondary-ion energy distribution obtained by sputtering clean and oxygen-covered Be has been analyzed in terms of competing processes in secondary ion emission. The ion energy distribution Af(E) has been separated into an ionization coefficient R*(E) and a total energy distribution, N(E), i.e. N*(E) = R*(E) N(E). Experimentally, the dependence of R+(E) on both energy and oxygen coverage indicated a linear superposition of adiabatic tunneling and resonanance ionization processes from clean and oxygen-covered portions of the surface with no con-
Chemistry Department and Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, LSS 4M1 Received 5 September 1979; accepted for publication 5 October 1979 Field electron emission microscopy has been used to study the adsorption of water on platinum and its production by the reaction of hydrogen with adsorbed oxygen. Techniques are described whereby clean reproducible Pt field emitters can be produced without irreversible contamination or excessive tip blunting. Direct water adsorption always led to emitter failure, consequently adsorbed water was produced by the reaction of hydrogen with adsorbed oxygen. This reaction occurred from 100 to 175 K with a decrease in work function from £x~ = +0.6 eV, for oxygen adsorption, to a minimum work function, A¢ = -0.55 eV, at 175 K. From 175 to 300 K the work function increases and reattains a positive shift, a ¢ - +0.2 eV, and a field emission pattern characteristic of adsorbed oxygen which are uninfluenced by further H 2 interaction up to 600 K. There is little change in emission anisotropy, but enhanced emission from Pt(110) planes suggests that the.reaction is particularly facile on this plane. The work function shifts indicate the formation of adsorbed water up to 175 K, which therefore forms an electropositive adsorbed state, followed by desorption of water in the interval 175 to 300 K from an adlayer stabilised by the presence of unreacted oxygen. These observations are in agreement with thermal desorption results, although the observation that part of the oxygen adlayer could not be reduced was surprising since thermal desorption studies suggested that this efficient reaction proceeded to completion. Rationalisation requires that the unreactive oxygen is undetected in the thermal desorption experiments and supporting evidence is given from oxygen adsorption, desorption and exchange, field emission and Auger electron spectroscopy experiments.
Surface Science 92 (1980) 1 4 - 2 8 © North-Holland Publishing Company SECONDARY-ION EMISSION FROM CLEAN AND OXYGEN-COVERED BERYLLIUM SURFACES I!. E n e r g y d e p e n d e n c e * A.R. K R A U S S a n d D.M. G R U E N
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Labbratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA Received 27 March 1979; accepted for publication 13 September 1979 The secondary-ion energy distribution obtained by sputtering clean and oxygen-covered Be has been analyzed in terms of competing processes in secondary ion emission. The ion energy distribution Af(E) has been separated into an ionization coefficient R*(E) and a total energy distribution, N(E), i.e. N*(E) = R*(E) N(E). Experimentally, the dependence of R+(E) on both energy and oxygen coverage indicated a linear superposition of adiabatic tunneling and resonanance ionization processes from clean and oxygen-covered portions of the surface with no con-