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The analytical chemistry of polymers. Volume 12
Talatm.
1963. Vol. 10. pp. ii to iv. Pergamon Press Ltd.
printed in Northern Ireland
BOOK REVIEWS
Atlas of Analysis Lines:
HALmA
JAPFE. Hilger and Watts Ltd., London, 1962. ;E26.5.0.
THOSEof us who were trying to use. the spectrograph in the twenties and thirties for analytical purposes will be reminded nostalgically by this work of Jacques Bardet’s Atlas de Spectres d’Arc, dating from 1926 to which this is a direct successor. Although there are differences in detailed presentation of the material, the general mu-nose is the same. The 50 segmentslof spe&a here presented have been prepared at the Spectrochemical Laboratory of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Thev cover the raoid & identification of the most suitable lines, for analytical purposes, of 69 elements. ’ The material is all presented on cards. First come seven cards describing briefly the method of using the Atlas, and then two Tables, listing the sensitive lines by elements and by wavelengths. The Atlas is presented on 50 cards, each carrying a photograph of a portion of the iron spectrum, enlarged to 12 inches x 1 inch, with, marked above and below, the sensitive lines of elements falling within the range of the segment. There are three ranges covered. The first, from about 2475 A to about 3500 A, is given on 16 cards (i.e., covering 16 feet in all), and is adequate for a great deal of routine analysis. The second range runs from about 3300 A to about 9000 A, on 17 cards, and is most useful for the alkali and alkaline earth metals. The third range is from about 3980 A to about 5500 A, on 17 cards, and is useful for complex (transition and inner transition metal) spectra or where increased resolution in the visible is required for some other reason. These spectra are undoubtedly beat used with a spectrograph similar to that on which the originals were prepared (a Hilger B478), since they are intended to be used by projection of the spectrum of the unknown on to the card, side by side with an iron arc standard, using a Hilger Spectrum Projector, in such a way that the iron arc of the standard and that on the card can be made to coincide. They can, however, be used with reasonable ease with instruments having not widely different dispersions. The cards are beautifully printed, and the whole Atlas is contained in a very pleasant plasticcovered folder which gives every impression of being durable. The price may at-first sightsee& high. But o&should, however, compare this with the price of 200 Fr. (~1~s a surcharge of 20X!) for the 1926 Atlas: and one should comnare the aualitv of the producton (though rni own co, of “Bardet” is in remarkably good condiiion after b y&us, for part of which, at least, it was used constantly); and particularly should one bear in mind that this is, in a sense, only an attachment to the spectrograph (and how many attachments, nowadays, cost so little!). With all these factors taken into account, one can recommend the Atlas to all spectrographic laboratories unreservedly. CECIL L. WILSON
Gas-Liquid Cbromatograpby. STEPHEN DAL NOGARE and RICHARD S. JWET, JR. Interscience Publishers (John Wiley and Sons, New York and London), 1962. pp. xviii + 450. 105s. THIS book relates the practical aspects of gas-liquid chromatographic separations to the principles on which such separations depend and also discusses the wide range of applications of this rapidly expanding branch of chemistry. The authors state, in the preface, that they have attempted to enable the beginner in gas-liquid chromatography to have a working knowledge of the field after the first four chapters. These chapters give a general introduction, including earlier reviews of the subject, and an account of the practical methods and theoretical principles used in gas-liquid chromatography. The book then continues with a detailed account of the basic components of the apparatus, i.e. The Liquid Phase, Detectors, etc. This is followed by chapters on more special&d topics such as Capillary Columns, Nonanalytical Applications, etc. The final chapter on Special Separations and Applications indicates the wide range ii
... 111
Book reviews
of applications of the method, and the large number of references (188) should be a particularly useful starting point for workers with a specific analytical problem. Every chapter includes many references to the original literature. Throughout the book mathematical discussions of the theory are given where possible; inclusion of a table showing all the symbols used helps the reader to follow such arguments. Tables of relative retention data and of liquid phases recommended for particular analytical separations (together with literature references) are other most useful features. The standard of production of the book is high: the clarity of the diagrams deserves special mention. In the reviewer’s oninion, this volume will be most useful as an introduction to the field and as a guide to the extensiv~litera&re on the subject in laboratories where gas-liquid chromatography is being used or where there are problems which could be solved by this technique. This is a very good account of an important topic. A. K. GALWEY
The analytical chemistry of polymers, Volume 12. Edited by G. M. Kline. Part II--Analysis of molecular structure aad chemical groups. Pp. xiii + 619. 132s. Part III-Identification procedums andchemlcalanaIysls. Pp. vi + 566. 124s. Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962. TI-IZ latest volume in the well-known “High Polymers” series has been issued in three parts, the second and third of which are being reviewed here. Part II deals with the examination of hieh ~olvmers by physical methods, while”Part III is concerned with identification procedures &“andthe chemical analysis of high polymers. In Part II a large number of techniques of physical chemistry are described, together with their application to the study of polymers. Chapters deal with molecular weight and size measurement; X-ray diffraction; optical measurements; differential thermal analysis; pyrolysis; mass spectrometry; ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry; fluorescence; chromatography; polarography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each chapter is introduced by a brief, but informative, account of the appropriate technique and this is followed by a description of the way in which the technique can be applied in the study of high polymers. This book can be recommended not only for the high polymer content, but also for the readable accounts of the various experimental methods involved. In Part III, attention is specifically directed towards the identification and chemical analysis of high polymers. One systematic approach is made in which physical tests, elementary analysis, chemical tests, etc., are applied to polymer samples. A section on the microscopic study of polymers in conjunction with staining techniques is of interest. The now familiar techniques of radiochemical analysis are described and a large number of applications of this method are described. A short section on end-group analysis completes the book. These volumes are well produced and provide a very readable account of the analysis and physical study of high polymers. The reviewer recommends these volumes not only to those concerned with high polymer chemistry, but also to those who would like to know more about the way in which modem techniques can he applied. JAMESC. ROBB
J&&hung in die qualitative anorganiscbe HalbmSmanalyse, 3rd edition. GERHARDACKEIWANN VEB Deutscher Verlag fir Gnmdstofl%ndustrie. Leipzig, 1962, pp. 175. DM14.-. THIS little book is recommended for students, and for chemists in industrial and research laboratories who are not yet familiar with small-scale inorganic qualitative analysis. The fact that the third edition has been reached only about three years after the appearance of the first edition indicates that the earlier editions have enjoyed some popularity. And, one could add, a well-deserved popularity. The changes from the second edition have not been extensive, though one point that deserves commendation is the introduction of IUPAC terminoloev. The oresent reviewer is also clad to note that the microscope is introduced in this course as a noGal toolbf the chemist; two pag& of photomicrographs are included. While English-speaking students are unlikely to use this book (except in a laudable attempt to improve their knowledge of the German language) all those concerned with the tenching of semimicro analysis can be recommended to acquire it, as a likely source of new ideas and new techniques. CECIL
L.
k-t%LSON
1963. Vol. 10. pp. ii to iv. Pergamon Press Ltd.
printed in Northern Ireland
BOOK REVIEWS
Atlas of Analysis Lines:
HALmA
JAPFE. Hilger and Watts Ltd., London, 1962. ;E26.5.0.
THOSEof us who were trying to use. the spectrograph in the twenties and thirties for analytical purposes will be reminded nostalgically by this work of Jacques Bardet’s Atlas de Spectres d’Arc, dating from 1926 to which this is a direct successor. Although there are differences in detailed presentation of the material, the general mu-nose is the same. The 50 segmentslof spe&a here presented have been prepared at the Spectrochemical Laboratory of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Thev cover the raoid & identification of the most suitable lines, for analytical purposes, of 69 elements. ’ The material is all presented on cards. First come seven cards describing briefly the method of using the Atlas, and then two Tables, listing the sensitive lines by elements and by wavelengths. The Atlas is presented on 50 cards, each carrying a photograph of a portion of the iron spectrum, enlarged to 12 inches x 1 inch, with, marked above and below, the sensitive lines of elements falling within the range of the segment. There are three ranges covered. The first, from about 2475 A to about 3500 A, is given on 16 cards (i.e., covering 16 feet in all), and is adequate for a great deal of routine analysis. The second range runs from about 3300 A to about 9000 A, on 17 cards, and is most useful for the alkali and alkaline earth metals. The third range is from about 3980 A to about 5500 A, on 17 cards, and is useful for complex (transition and inner transition metal) spectra or where increased resolution in the visible is required for some other reason. These spectra are undoubtedly beat used with a spectrograph similar to that on which the originals were prepared (a Hilger B478), since they are intended to be used by projection of the spectrum of the unknown on to the card, side by side with an iron arc standard, using a Hilger Spectrum Projector, in such a way that the iron arc of the standard and that on the card can be made to coincide. They can, however, be used with reasonable ease with instruments having not widely different dispersions. The cards are beautifully printed, and the whole Atlas is contained in a very pleasant plasticcovered folder which gives every impression of being durable. The price may at-first sightsee& high. But o&should, however, compare this with the price of 200 Fr. (~1~s a surcharge of 20X!) for the 1926 Atlas: and one should comnare the aualitv of the producton (though rni own co, of “Bardet” is in remarkably good condiiion after b y&us, for part of which, at least, it was used constantly); and particularly should one bear in mind that this is, in a sense, only an attachment to the spectrograph (and how many attachments, nowadays, cost so little!). With all these factors taken into account, one can recommend the Atlas to all spectrographic laboratories unreservedly. CECIL L. WILSON
Gas-Liquid Cbromatograpby. STEPHEN DAL NOGARE and RICHARD S. JWET, JR. Interscience Publishers (John Wiley and Sons, New York and London), 1962. pp. xviii + 450. 105s. THIS book relates the practical aspects of gas-liquid chromatographic separations to the principles on which such separations depend and also discusses the wide range of applications of this rapidly expanding branch of chemistry. The authors state, in the preface, that they have attempted to enable the beginner in gas-liquid chromatography to have a working knowledge of the field after the first four chapters. These chapters give a general introduction, including earlier reviews of the subject, and an account of the practical methods and theoretical principles used in gas-liquid chromatography. The book then continues with a detailed account of the basic components of the apparatus, i.e. The Liquid Phase, Detectors, etc. This is followed by chapters on more special&d topics such as Capillary Columns, Nonanalytical Applications, etc. The final chapter on Special Separations and Applications indicates the wide range ii
... 111
Book reviews
of applications of the method, and the large number of references (188) should be a particularly useful starting point for workers with a specific analytical problem. Every chapter includes many references to the original literature. Throughout the book mathematical discussions of the theory are given where possible; inclusion of a table showing all the symbols used helps the reader to follow such arguments. Tables of relative retention data and of liquid phases recommended for particular analytical separations (together with literature references) are other most useful features. The standard of production of the book is high: the clarity of the diagrams deserves special mention. In the reviewer’s oninion, this volume will be most useful as an introduction to the field and as a guide to the extensiv~litera&re on the subject in laboratories where gas-liquid chromatography is being used or where there are problems which could be solved by this technique. This is a very good account of an important topic. A. K. GALWEY
The analytical chemistry of polymers, Volume 12. Edited by G. M. Kline. Part II--Analysis of molecular structure aad chemical groups. Pp. xiii + 619. 132s. Part III-Identification procedums andchemlcalanaIysls. Pp. vi + 566. 124s. Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962. TI-IZ latest volume in the well-known “High Polymers” series has been issued in three parts, the second and third of which are being reviewed here. Part II deals with the examination of hieh ~olvmers by physical methods, while”Part III is concerned with identification procedures &“andthe chemical analysis of high polymers. In Part II a large number of techniques of physical chemistry are described, together with their application to the study of polymers. Chapters deal with molecular weight and size measurement; X-ray diffraction; optical measurements; differential thermal analysis; pyrolysis; mass spectrometry; ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry; fluorescence; chromatography; polarography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each chapter is introduced by a brief, but informative, account of the appropriate technique and this is followed by a description of the way in which the technique can be applied in the study of high polymers. This book can be recommended not only for the high polymer content, but also for the readable accounts of the various experimental methods involved. In Part III, attention is specifically directed towards the identification and chemical analysis of high polymers. One systematic approach is made in which physical tests, elementary analysis, chemical tests, etc., are applied to polymer samples. A section on the microscopic study of polymers in conjunction with staining techniques is of interest. The now familiar techniques of radiochemical analysis are described and a large number of applications of this method are described. A short section on end-group analysis completes the book. These volumes are well produced and provide a very readable account of the analysis and physical study of high polymers. The reviewer recommends these volumes not only to those concerned with high polymer chemistry, but also to those who would like to know more about the way in which modem techniques can he applied. JAMESC. ROBB
J&&hung in die qualitative anorganiscbe HalbmSmanalyse, 3rd edition. GERHARDACKEIWANN VEB Deutscher Verlag fir Gnmdstofl%ndustrie. Leipzig, 1962, pp. 175. DM14.-. THIS little book is recommended for students, and for chemists in industrial and research laboratories who are not yet familiar with small-scale inorganic qualitative analysis. The fact that the third edition has been reached only about three years after the appearance of the first edition indicates that the earlier editions have enjoyed some popularity. And, one could add, a well-deserved popularity. The changes from the second edition have not been extensive, though one point that deserves commendation is the introduction of IUPAC terminoloev. The oresent reviewer is also clad to note that the microscope is introduced in this course as a noGal toolbf the chemist; two pag& of photomicrographs are included. While English-speaking students are unlikely to use this book (except in a laudable attempt to improve their knowledge of the German language) all those concerned with the tenching of semimicro analysis can be recommended to acquire it, as a likely source of new ideas and new techniques. CECIL
L.
k-t%LSON