The anthropometry of Turkish army men

Applied Ergonomics 1991, 22.1, 49-54

Technical Note

The anthropometry of Turkish army men B. Kayis* and A.F. Ozok t *Assistant Professor, Middle East Technical University, Industrial Engineering Department, 06531, Ankara, Turkey tProfessor, Istanbul Technical University, Industrial Engineering Department, Ma(~ka, Istanbul, Turkey

Introduction Knowledge of anthropometric dimensions is important for the design of workplaces and equipment, In a developing country, such as Turkey, where industrial growth is rapid, only very few reports on Turkish male adults have been published. Hertzberg et al (1963)carried out an anthropometric survey among Turkish army men, and Ozok (1980) took 50 anthropometric dimensions from 1000 industrial workers. Pekintfirk (1968) and Su (1986) carried out anthropometric surveys in order to design army clothing. Unfortunately, there is no anthropometric survey sufficiently comprehensive and up to date for workspace and equip. ment design applications. Anthropometric differences within populations have been clearly documented in NASA Reference Publication (1978), Roberts (1975) and White (1975). Using anthropometric data of one population to design for another will give rise to problems in daffy use of equipments, materials, etc.

Method Subjects The 5109 subjects, aged between 18-26 years, came from a wide range of geographical areas. They were selected by a random sampling method. Measurements The measurements were made using a standard GPM anthropometer and an adjustable rigid right-angled seat. The subjects were bare.footed and dressed in underwear. Standard anthropometric techniques were used (Lewin, 1969). A total of 51 measurements were obtained from each subject.

Results The anthropometric measurements In Table 1, the mean value, the standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis values of the different anthropometric measures taken are shown. Regression models were obtained for all of the anthropometric variables. The correlation coefficients of the regression equations vary from 0.61 to 0.97. In Table 2, the regression equations of anthropometric variables whose correlation coefficients are more than 0.85 are given as examples.

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The class of statistics which are most closely related to design problems are the percentiles. So, in Table 3, the 5th, 25th, 30th, 75th, 95th and 99th percentile values of the anthropometric variables are given. The anthropometric variables of Turkish army men indicate significant differences compared with other populations' data. In Table 4, the values obtained by Roth (1968), Bolton et al (1973), Hertzberg et al 0 9 6 3 ) , Grunhofer and Kroh (1968) and Yanagisawa 0 9 7 4 ) on American Air Force (USAF), NASA astronauts (NASA), British (RAF), Italian army, German army and civilian Japanese men are compared with our values (Kayis, 1989).

References Bolton, C.B., Kenward, M., Simpson, R.E., and Turner, G.M. 1973, An anthropometric survey of 2000 Royal Air Force air crew, Ministry of Defence, Farnborough, UK. Grunhofer, H.J., and Kroh, A. 1968, Research Rev, 7(12), 14-17. Worid diversity in human body size. Hertzberg, H.J., Churchill, E., Dupertois, C.W., White, R.M,, and Damon, A. 1963, Anthropometric survey of Turkey, Greece and Italy. MacMillan, New York. Kayi|, B. 1989, The anthropometry of Turkish army men (in Turkish). The Technical and Scientific Research Council of Turkey, a71. Lewin, T. 1969, Ergonomics, 12, 883-903. Anthropometric studies on Swedish industrial workers when standing and sitting. NASA. 1978, Anthropometric source book. Reference Publication 1024, Scientific and Technical Information Office. Ozok, A.F. 1980, The anthropometric survey among Turkish industrial workers (in Turkish). The Technical and Scientific Research Council of Turkey, MAG533. Petintiirk, T. 1968, The sizing of soldier clothings (in Turkish). ARGE. Roberts, D.F. 1975, Population differences in dimensions; their genetic basis and their relevance to practical problems of design. In: Chapanis, A. (Ed), Ethnic variables in human factors engineering. John Hopkins Press, 11-29. Roth, E.M. 1968, Anthropometry and temporo-spatial environment. Vol 3, Section 16. In: Compendium of human responses to the areospace environment. NASA CR-1205, Washington, DC.

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49

Table 1: Mean value, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis values for the anthropometric data (in centimetres except A1, weight)

Mean

A1. Weight (kg) A2. Stature A3. Vertical reach A4. Standing eye height A5. Shoulder (acromial) height A6. Waist height A7. Vertical finger tip height A8. Crotch height A9. Standing knee height A10. Arm span A11. Acromion-finger tip length (static) A12. Acromion-finger tip length (dynamic) A13. Sitting height A14. Sitting eye height A15. Sitting shoulder (acromial) height A16. Sitting elbow height A17, Sitting knee height A18. Seat (popliteal) height A19o Buttock-patella length A20. Buttock-popliteal length A21. Thigh height A22. Chest depth A23. Buttock-sole of foot length A24. Buttock-toe length A25. Sitting hip breadth A26. Bizygomatic (face) breadth A27. Head length A28. Crinion-Menton length A2g. Men.ton-sellion (face) length A30, Distance between eyes A31. Hand length A32. Hand breadth A33. Hand clearance A34. Foot length A35. Foot breadth A36. Ankle circumference A37. Thumb circumference A38. Neck circumference A39. Shoulder circumference A40. Biceps circumference, flexed A41. Chest circumference A42. Waist circumference A43. Hip circumference A44. Thigh circumference A45. Calf circumference A46. Forearm circumference, flexed A47. Shoulder to wristlength (the surface distance from the acromion to the wristlandmark while arm is horizontal) A48. Wrist circumference A49. Waist front A50. Waist back A51. Shoulder circumference

63.3 170.2 216"6 159"6 141.1 99.6 63"9 81.7 48.5 172"2 81"3 36"3 88"8 78"1 60"4 23"3 61.3 41.6 56"6 440 14.3 22"2 98.2 68~ 33.2 13.8 18.7 18"7 11.6 6.12 18~ 8.6 3.7 260 10.4 23.2 28.9 43.9 105"1 26"7 89~J 79-8 91 9 50"5 35.4 26" 1

7-3 6.0 8"5 5.9 5.4 4.7 3'7 5.3 2.8 7"2 4.2 4"8 3.41 3"60 3"21 2"70 2"80 2'30 2.81 3.20 1"82 1 ~J0 4~0 4.70 1 ¢J0 1 ~0 1.00 1"10 0-80 0.40 0.90 0.50 0.10 1.3 0.7 1.5 1 "5 3"1 5"5 2-1 5"2 5 ~, 4"8 3"8 2"4 1"6

65"2 17.8 40"1 53'2 47.2

4"8 0"g 2'2 2"6 2,7

Su, A. 1986, A study for proposing clothing standards (in Turkish). Doctoral dissertation, Ege Universitesi. White, R.M. 1975, Anthropometric measurements on selected populations of the world. In: Chapanis, A. (Ed),

50

Standard deviation

Anthropometric measurement

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February 1991

Skewness Kurtosis

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.50 0.80 0.19 0.13 0.14 0-14 0.01 0"18 0"23 0"04 0"12 0"13 0"15 0"01 0"50 0"15 0"16 0"30 0"05 009 0"26 0.27 0"15 000 0"23 007 0"40 0"40 1"15 0"82 0"15 0'04 0"75 0.14 0.03 0.33 003 0"25 0"17 0"31 0"20 0"52 0"18 0"14 0"22 1" 19

- 0"11 0"86 0"13 0"18 0"09

-

-

-

-

0.95 0.16 0"37 0'11 0.16 0.44 0
- 0"34 5"56 0"22 - 0"51 - 0"18

Ethnic variables in human factors engineering. John Hopkins Press, 31-46. Yanagisawa, S. 1974, About Japanese physique and body girth. Dept of Home Economics, Ochanomizo Institute, Women's Univ, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo.

Table 2: The multiple correlation coefficients of some of the anthropometric variables Multiple correlation coefficient

Anthmpometric variable (dependent variable)

Regression models

Weight (A1)

y = - 54.24 + 86 (A43) + 0'48 (A42)

0-878

Stature (A2)

y = 12.07 + 57 (A4) + 0-27 (A5)

0"968

Standing shoulder height (A5)

y = - 4,71 + 0,3 (A2) + 0'4 (A10) + 0,45 (A5)

0-964

Standing eye height (A4)

y = 1.6 + 0.6 (A2) + 0-25 (A5) + 0.098 (A6)

0-964

Vertical reach (A3)

y = - 1.2 + 0.32 (A2) + 0.14 (A3) + 0-27 (A4) + 0.14 (A6)

0.964

Crotch height (A8)

y = - 6.9 + 0-2 (A5) + 0,32 (A23) + 0-23 (A4) + 0-079 (A43)

0,872

Arm span (A10)

y = 6.123 + 0,44 (A3) + 0.35 (A11 ) + 1.1 (A31) + 0.17 (A6)

0<]98

Acromion-finger tip length (A11) y : 1.51 +0.06 (A12) + 0.13 (A10)

0-889

Sitting height (A13)

y = 0.82 + 0-42 (A14) + 0.33 (A2) + 0.34 (A15) - 0-22 (A5)

0-874

Sitting knee height (A17)

y = - 1.38 + 0.38 (A9) + 0.38 (A18) + 0.11 (A23) + 0,28 (A34)

~873

Buttock-sole of foot length (A23) y = - 2.4 + 0,25 (A6) + 0.06 (A3) + 0-42 (A17) + 0.14 (A2) + 0.13 (A5) + 0-04 (A10)

0-861

Biceps circumference, flexed (A40) y = - 4,79 + 0.03 (A1) + 0-39 (A46) + 0.09 (A44) + 0.05 (A41) + 0-078 (A45)

0-863

Chest circumference (A41)

0<]65

y = 23-5 + 0-17 (A1) + 0-38 (A40) + 0.02 (A39) + 0.16 (A42)

Table 3: Percentile values of the anthropometric dimensions (Note: Anthropometric variables will be given as A1, A2 . . . . . .

A51 in cm)

Anthropometric variables A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A 10 A11 A 12 A 13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29

5

25

50

75

90

95

99

51.2 160.3 202"6 150-1 132-2 91-8 57"8 72"9 43-8 160"3 74"8 78-4 83"2 72"3 55"1 18-7 46-6 37"8 51-9 38"7 11.4 19"0 90"5 61-0 29"9 12"4 17.1 16"9 10"3

58.3 166-1 210-8 155"8 127"5 96-4 61 "4 78"1 46~ 167 "3 78-9 83" 1 86-5 75"7 58-3 21-4 49"4 40"1 54~ 41 "8 13"1 20"9 95-1 65"6 31-8 13" 1 18"0 17"9 11 "1

63.3 170"2 216.6 159-8 141.1 99"6 63"9 81-7 48-5 172" 1 81-8 86 "3 88~J 78"1 60"4 23"3 51 "3 41-6 56-6 44~) 14-3 22"3 98"2 68"9 33"2 13"8 18"7 18"7 11 "6

68"2 174"3 222-4 163"8 144"8 102"8 66"5 85"3 50"4 176 "9 84"7 89 "6 91 "2 80"5 62"6 25"2 53"7 43"6 58"9 46"7 15"8 23"9 102"1 72"8 34"8 14"3 19.6 19"6 12"3

72-7 177.9 227"6 167 "4 148"1 105"6 68"7 88"5 52"1 181 "3 87"3 92 "5 93 "3 82"7 64-6 26"8 54"9 44-6 60-2 47-4 16"7 24"8 104"2 74-9 35"7 14"6 204) 20"2 12"6

75-3 180.1 230.7 169~ 150"1 107.4 70"1 90"4 53"1 183"9 88"8 94 "3 94"5 87.0 65-7 27"8 564) 45"5 61 "2 49,4 17-3 25-5 105-9 76"7 36-4 15"8 20-4 20"6 12"9

80.4 184.2 236.6 173.6 153.8 110.6 72-6 84"1 55.1 188 "3 91 "7 97 "6 96 "8 86"5 67-9 29"8 57"9 40"7 63.1 51 "6 18-6 26~J 109"1 79-9 37"8 15"9 21 "1 21 "3 13"5

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Table 3 - continued

Anthropometric variables A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 A38 A39 A40 A41 A42 A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 A48 A49 A50 A51

5

25

50

75

90

95

99

5.4 17.3 7.8 2.9 23"8 9.1 20-6 26"5 38.8 95"9 23'3 81.4 70"8 83,9 44.1 31.4 23"4 57.2 16.2 36"4 45 "6 39.5

5"8 18.2 8.2 3.3 25"1 9"9 22.1 27"9 41 "9 101"3 25"4 85"5 76.2 88.6 47 "9 33.7 25.0 61 "9 17.2 38.9 50.1 44.1

6.1 18.8 8.6 3.7 26"0 10"4 23.2 28"9 43.9 105.1 26 "8 89"9 79.8 91.9 50 "5 35.4 26" 1 65-3 17"8 40.1 53 "2 47.3

6-5 19-6 9.1 4.2 27"2 10-9 24.2 30.0 46.1 108.8 28 "2 93.4 83.5 95.2 55" 1 37.1 27 "3 68.5 18.5 41 "6 56.4 50.4

6-7 20"0 9.3 4.4 27"7 11.4 25.2 30.9 48.0 112"2 29 "5 96.6 86"8 98-1 55 "5 38-6 28.3 71-5 19.1 42.9 59 "2 53.3

6.9 20.4 9.5 4.6 28"2 11.7 25.7 31 "5 49.2 114.2 30.2 98.5 88-8 99.9 56-9 39.5 28.8 73"3 19.5 43 "8 60 "9 55~)

7.2 21-0 9.8 5.0 29"2 12-2 26-8 32-5 51 "3 115"5 31.7 102.1 92"6 103.2 59 "5 41.2 30 "0 76-6 20.1 45.3 64.1 58.3

Table 4: Statistical values of the anthropometric studies for males in USAF (1), British RAF (2), Italian (3)

and German army (4), civilian Japanese (5) and Turkish army men (6). (For sources, see text) (Dimensions cm, except weight in kg)

Anthropometric variables

Soume of data

(n)

(x)

(o)

Weight

1 2 3 4 5 6

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

78"7 75"0 70"2 74"7 60"2 63"3

9"7 8"8 8"4 8"1 8"6 7"3

63"6 61"4 57"6 62'2 46"1 51"1

95"6 90"3 85"1 88"8 74"3 75"3

Statu re

1 2 3 4 5 6

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

177"3 177-4 170"8 176"7 165"3 170"2

6"2 6"2 6"2 6"2 58 6'2

167"2 167"3 160'2 166"8 155"8 160"3

187"7 187'8 180"8 187"1 174"8 180"1

Standing shoulder height

1

2420

135"7

154"8

129"4 137"6

148"2 156-9

.

3 4 5

Waist height

52

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February 1991

145"2 .

1342 1004 .

.

5"8 .

138"9 147-2 .

.

5th percentile

95th percentile

.

5"7 5-8 .

.

6

5109

141"1

5"4

132"2

150"1

1 2 3 4 5 6

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

106"5 107"4 101 "3 106"6 96"2 99"6

4"7 5"1 4"9 4"8 4"1 4"7

98"7 99"2 93"0 98"9 89"5 91 "8

114"3 116"1 109"2 114"6 102"9 107"4

Table 4 - continued

Anthropometric variables

Source of date

(n)

Crotch height

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sitting height

1 2 3 4 5

Sitting eye height

(o)

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

85"1 85"4 80"7 83"8 73"6 81 "6

4"2 4"3 4"2 4"2 3"7 4"3

78"3 78"4 73"6 76"9 67"5 72"9

92"0 92"5 87"6 90:8 79"7 90"4

2420 1998 1342 1004

93"2 93"6 89"7 91 "3

3"2 3"1 3"2 3"1

88"1 88"4 84"3 86"1

98"6 98"6 94"8 96"5

83 "2

94 "5

76"2

86"1

73"1 74 "7

82"9 84 "9

.

.

6

5109

1

2420 .

3"0 .

.

78"0 80 "0 78"1

3"5

72"2

84"0

1 2 3 4

2420 1998 1342 1004

25"2 24"8 22"5 23"9

2"6 2,5 2"3 2"7

20"9 20"7 18"8 19"3

29"5 28"9 26"2 28"3

6

5109

23"3

2-7

18"8

27"9

1 2 3 4

2420 1998 1342 1004

55"9 55:8 53:4 54"5

2"5 2"5 2"6 2"5

51 "9 51 "7 49"2 50"6

60"3 59"9 57"9 58"8

6

5109

46"6

56"1

1

2420

40"1

47"5

36"6 40"4

44"2 47 "4

.

.

.

.

.

3"0 3" 1 .

.

.

.

.

.

2"3 .

40"3 43 "8 .

.

.

2"8

43"7 .

.

.

51 "3

1342 1004 .

.

2"3 2" 1 .

.

6

5109

41 "6

2"3

37"8

45"5

1 2 3 4

2420 1998 1342 1004

60"4 60"8 58"2 60"2

2"7 2"7 2"6 2"6

56" 1 56"4 54" 1 56"0

65"0 65"2 62"6 64"6

5

.

.

.

.

.

6

5109

56"6

2"8

51 "9

61 "2

1 2 3

2420 1998 1342

37"8 36"8 35"7

2"3 2"0 1 "8

34"2 33"7 32"7

41 "8 40"0 38"7

5

Chest circumference

.

5109

3 4

Sitting hip breadth

81 "0

6

2

Buttock'patella height

.

3 "4

1342 1004

.

Seat (popliteal) height

.

3 4

.

Sitting knee height

.

88"8

.

.

Sitting elbow height

5th 95th percentile percentile

(~)

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

6

5109

33"2

1 "9

29"9

36"4

1 2 3 4 5 6

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

38"6 97"2 94"9 94"7 88" 1 89-9

6"4 5"7 5"2 6"3 5 "3 5"2

88"6 88"3 87-0 84"7 79 "4 81 "4

109"4 107"1 104"0 105"3 96 "8 98"5

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Table 4 - continued

Anthropomatric variables

Sou rce of data

G)

(o)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Waist circumference

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

87 "6 85"7 82 "4 84 "0 76 "5 79 "8

7"4 7"0 7"1 6"8 7"9 5"4

75'7 74'7 72 "3 73 "5 63"5 69"5

100"1 97 "8 95"3 96"1 89"5 88 "8

Hip circumference

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

98"6 98"9 95"1 96"6 90"3 91 "9

5'5 5"0 4'9 4'7 5'2 4"8

89"7 90"8 87 "3 89"1 81 "7 83"9

107"9 107"3 103"4 104"5 98"9 99"9

Calf circumference

1 2 3 4 5 6

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

37"2 36"7 36"5 37"1 34"9 35"4

2"3 7"2 2"2 2'2 2"6 2"4

33"5 33 "2 33"3 33"5 30"6 31 "3

41 "0 40"3 40"4 40"7 39"0 39"6

Head length

1 2 3 4 5 6

2420 1998 1342 1004

19"9 19"9 19"3 19"2

0"7 0"5 0"7 0"8

18"8 19"2 18"2 17"7

21 "0 20"8 20"4 20"4

5109

18"7

1"0

17"1

20 "4

2420 1998 1342 1004

15"6 15"8 15"5 15"7

0:5 0"5 0'6 0:6

14"7 14"9 14:6 14:7

16"5 16"6 16"5 16"7

5109

15"1

1"6

12"4

15"8

2420

19"1

0"8

17"8

20"5

1342 1004

19"0 18"9

0"9 0"9

17"6 17"4

20:4 20"3

5109

18"9

0"9

17:3

20 "3

2420

8"9

0"4

8"2

9"6

1342 1004

8"9 8"6

0"4 0"4

8"2 7"9

9"6 9"3

5109

8"6

0"5

7"8

9"5

2420 1998 1342 1004 1870 5109

27"0 26"6 26"5 26"4 24"4 26"0

1"2 1"2 1"1 1"2 1"0 1"3

25"1 24"7 24"6 24"5 22"8 23"8

29"1 28"6 28"4 28"5 26"0 28"2

2420 1998 1342 1004

9"8 9"5 10"2 10"1

0"5 0"4 0"5 0"6

9"0 8"8 9"4 9"2

10"6 10"3 11"0 11"0

5109

10"4

0"7

9"1

11"7

Bizygomatic (face) breadth

Hand length

Hand breadth

Foot length

Foot breadth

54

(n)

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February 1991