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The Antigenicity of Duck-Red-Blood Cells in Bursectomized and Non-Bursectomized Chickens1
1767
RESEARCH NOTES TABLE 1.—Effects
of a water extract of soybean oil meal and dialysii •fraction on growth of Broad Breasted Bronze turkey poults Average Weights
Treatment
Exp. 2
Exp. 3
(gm.) C-l 368 434** 458** 448** 39 52 10 2 23
(gm.) C-l 317 380** 358** 321 27 36 10 3 21
(gm.) WESBOM 245 345** 340** 325** 24 31 15 2 19
a
See discussion and previous paper (Wilcox, etal., 1961) for explanation of protein sources and diets used. WE is the water extracted material from 50% protein soybean oil meal (at pH of 4.7). Four percent WE is approximately equal to 20% soybean oil meal. 0 The dialyzable fraction and the non-dialyzable fraction were added in amounts equivalent to 4 % WE. b
dialyzable fraction represents at least a portion of the organic factor noted. The duration of the dialysis, along with the volume and changes of water, were considered to have effected reasonably good dialytic separation of such factors.
REFERENCES Goulden, C. H., 19S2. Methods of Statistical Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. Wilcox, R. A., C. W. Carlson, W. Kohlmeyer and G. F. Gastler, 1961. Evidence for a water-soluble growth promoting factor(s) in soybean oil meal. Poultry Sci. 40: 94-102.
THE ANTIGENICITY OF DUCK-RED-BLOOD CELLS IN BURSECTOMIZED AND NON-BURSECTOMIZED CHICKENS 1 CLARENCE R. SADLER2 AND BRUCE GLICK Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, Miss. (Received for publication July 31, 1961)
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the antigenicity of duck-redblood cells when injected into chickens and to compare the ability of bursectomized and non-bursectomized birds to produce antibodies to duck-red-blood eels. One hundred New Hampshire chicks were hatched and placed in batteries. At two weeks of age, 1 Journal article no. 955. Approved by the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station. 2 In partial fulfillment of the Master of Science degree in Poultry Physiology; now a graduate student at Auburn University.
approximately 50 of these birds were bursectomized, Glick (1960). Blood was obtained from three White Pekin ducks by cardiac puncture and immediately mixed with a 2 percent potassium oxalate solution. The red blood cells were separated from the plasma and washed several times with a .9 percent saline solution until the supernatant appeared clear. A 15 percent suspension of red cells was prepared for injection. The antibody titer of the plasma was determined by serially diluting the plasma with saline and adding .1
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of New Orleans on June 12, 2015
Protein source in diets a 1. Basal diet" 2. 1 plus 4 % WE b 3. 1 plus dialyzable fraction of WEC 4. 1 plus non-dialyzable fraction of WE 0 LSDos LSD 01 Number of poults per pen Numbers of pens per diet Length of experiment in days
Exp. 1
1768
RESEARCH NOTES
TABLE 1.—The antibody response1 of 11-week-old bursectomized and non-but•sectomized birds to a 15 percent suspension of duck-red-blood cells
Dilution of
Intramuscular injection 1 cc, 3X non-bursect.
1
2
non-bursect.
1 1 1 1 2 1 3
2 3 3
bursect.
non-bursect.
bursect.
14 4
17 2
1 1 3 4 3 6
The numbers in the table refer to the numbers of birds representing a particular agglutination level.
cc. of a 2 percent solution of duck-red-blood cells to each tube. The tubes were incubated at 37.5°C. for 30 minutes. They were read 6-12 hours after removal from the water bath. At 10 weeks of age the birds were divided into 8 groups of 10 birds each. Groups one and five were injected intramuscularly every other day for a total of three injections. Groups two and six were injected intravenously once each day for two consecutive days. Each bird received 1 cc. of the antigen per injection. Groups three, four, seven, and eight were not injected and served as controls. Antibody titers were determined one week after the last injection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eighty percent of the non-bursectomized birds which were injected intramuscularly with duck-red-blood cells had an antibody titer above 1:16 while only 60 percent of the bursectomized birds had titers above 1:16 (Table 1). All of the intravenously injected non-bursectomized birds had titers above 1:512 while only 4 of the 9 bursec-
tomized birds reached a titer as high as 1:128. The titer for the control birds was 1:4 or 0. Carpenter (1956) states "the antigenicity of animal proteins varies indirectly with the degree of biologic relationship between the protein source and the animal immunized." He states that duck proteins are very poor antigens for chickens. However, in this trial high titers were obtained with duck-redblood cells. Bursectomy again appeared to interfere with antibody production. These results indicate that a 15 percent suspension of duck-red-blood cells gave an excellent response when injected into chickens. More trials should be conducted in which the percentage of duck-red-blood cells are varied. REFERENCES Carpenter, P. L., 1956. Immunology and Serology. The W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London. Glick, B., 1960. Extracts from the bursa of Fabricius-a lymphoepithelial gland of the chickenstimulate the production of antibodies in bursectomized chickens. Poultry Sci. 39: 1097-1101.
AUGUST 10-18, 1962—TWELFTH WORLD'S POULTRY CONGRESS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of New Orleans on June 12, 2015
0 1-4 1-8 1-16 1-32 1-64 1-128 1-256 1-512 1-1,024
bursect.
Controls—no injections
Intravenous injection 1 cc, 2X
RESEARCH NOTES TABLE 1.—Effects
of a water extract of soybean oil meal and dialysii •fraction on growth of Broad Breasted Bronze turkey poults Average Weights
Treatment
Exp. 2
Exp. 3
(gm.) C-l 368 434** 458** 448** 39 52 10 2 23
(gm.) C-l 317 380** 358** 321 27 36 10 3 21
(gm.) WESBOM 245 345** 340** 325** 24 31 15 2 19
a
See discussion and previous paper (Wilcox, etal., 1961) for explanation of protein sources and diets used. WE is the water extracted material from 50% protein soybean oil meal (at pH of 4.7). Four percent WE is approximately equal to 20% soybean oil meal. 0 The dialyzable fraction and the non-dialyzable fraction were added in amounts equivalent to 4 % WE. b
dialyzable fraction represents at least a portion of the organic factor noted. The duration of the dialysis, along with the volume and changes of water, were considered to have effected reasonably good dialytic separation of such factors.
REFERENCES Goulden, C. H., 19S2. Methods of Statistical Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. Wilcox, R. A., C. W. Carlson, W. Kohlmeyer and G. F. Gastler, 1961. Evidence for a water-soluble growth promoting factor(s) in soybean oil meal. Poultry Sci. 40: 94-102.
THE ANTIGENICITY OF DUCK-RED-BLOOD CELLS IN BURSECTOMIZED AND NON-BURSECTOMIZED CHICKENS 1 CLARENCE R. SADLER2 AND BRUCE GLICK Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, Miss. (Received for publication July 31, 1961)
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the antigenicity of duck-redblood cells when injected into chickens and to compare the ability of bursectomized and non-bursectomized birds to produce antibodies to duck-red-blood eels. One hundred New Hampshire chicks were hatched and placed in batteries. At two weeks of age, 1 Journal article no. 955. Approved by the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station. 2 In partial fulfillment of the Master of Science degree in Poultry Physiology; now a graduate student at Auburn University.
approximately 50 of these birds were bursectomized, Glick (1960). Blood was obtained from three White Pekin ducks by cardiac puncture and immediately mixed with a 2 percent potassium oxalate solution. The red blood cells were separated from the plasma and washed several times with a .9 percent saline solution until the supernatant appeared clear. A 15 percent suspension of red cells was prepared for injection. The antibody titer of the plasma was determined by serially diluting the plasma with saline and adding .1
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of New Orleans on June 12, 2015
Protein source in diets a 1. Basal diet" 2. 1 plus 4 % WE b 3. 1 plus dialyzable fraction of WEC 4. 1 plus non-dialyzable fraction of WE 0 LSDos LSD 01 Number of poults per pen Numbers of pens per diet Length of experiment in days
Exp. 1
1768
RESEARCH NOTES
TABLE 1.—The antibody response1 of 11-week-old bursectomized and non-but•sectomized birds to a 15 percent suspension of duck-red-blood cells
Dilution of
Intramuscular injection 1 cc, 3X non-bursect.
1
2
non-bursect.
1 1 1 1 2 1 3
2 3 3
bursect.
non-bursect.
bursect.
14 4
17 2
1 1 3 4 3 6
The numbers in the table refer to the numbers of birds representing a particular agglutination level.
cc. of a 2 percent solution of duck-red-blood cells to each tube. The tubes were incubated at 37.5°C. for 30 minutes. They were read 6-12 hours after removal from the water bath. At 10 weeks of age the birds were divided into 8 groups of 10 birds each. Groups one and five were injected intramuscularly every other day for a total of three injections. Groups two and six were injected intravenously once each day for two consecutive days. Each bird received 1 cc. of the antigen per injection. Groups three, four, seven, and eight were not injected and served as controls. Antibody titers were determined one week after the last injection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eighty percent of the non-bursectomized birds which were injected intramuscularly with duck-red-blood cells had an antibody titer above 1:16 while only 60 percent of the bursectomized birds had titers above 1:16 (Table 1). All of the intravenously injected non-bursectomized birds had titers above 1:512 while only 4 of the 9 bursec-
tomized birds reached a titer as high as 1:128. The titer for the control birds was 1:4 or 0. Carpenter (1956) states "the antigenicity of animal proteins varies indirectly with the degree of biologic relationship between the protein source and the animal immunized." He states that duck proteins are very poor antigens for chickens. However, in this trial high titers were obtained with duck-redblood cells. Bursectomy again appeared to interfere with antibody production. These results indicate that a 15 percent suspension of duck-red-blood cells gave an excellent response when injected into chickens. More trials should be conducted in which the percentage of duck-red-blood cells are varied. REFERENCES Carpenter, P. L., 1956. Immunology and Serology. The W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London. Glick, B., 1960. Extracts from the bursa of Fabricius-a lymphoepithelial gland of the chickenstimulate the production of antibodies in bursectomized chickens. Poultry Sci. 39: 1097-1101.
AUGUST 10-18, 1962—TWELFTH WORLD'S POULTRY CONGRESS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of New Orleans on June 12, 2015
0 1-4 1-8 1-16 1-32 1-64 1-128 1-256 1-512 1-1,024
bursect.
Controls—no injections
Intravenous injection 1 cc, 2X