THE ARMY, NAVY, AND INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICES.

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Pathology, and Clinical Medical Practice. Summer Session: tion in a recognised laboratory), during three months; Practical Midwifery and Vaccination, Morbid Anatomy,Muteria Medica during three mouths; Principles and Practice of Medicine during one winter session; Pathology, a Clinical Medical Practice. of Examiners Examinations. — The Court course; Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Professional meet in the Hall every Wednesday and Thursday, where during six months; Practical Midwifery, at a recognised candidates are required to attend at 4.30 P. M. Every candi- hospital (attendance upon twenty cases); Surgery, during one date intending to offer himself for examination must give winter session; Forensic Medicine, during one summer sesseven days’ notice previous to the day of examination. sion ; instruction in the practice of Vaccination. Of having attended at a recognised hospital or hospitals the practice of be until after the cannot re-examined candidates Rejected Medicine and Clinical Lectures on Medicine, during two expiration of six calendar months. The examination ot candidates is divided into two parts, winter and two summer sessions; also the Practice of and is conducted partly in writing and partly vivâ voce. Surgery and Clinical Lectures on Surgery, during one The First Examination, which may be passed after the winter and one summer session. Of practical study, with care second winter session, embraces the following subjects :- of patients, as apprentice, pupil, assistant, clinical clerk, or Physicians’ Prescriptions and Pbarmacy ; Anatomy and dresser. Of having performed vaccination successfully under Physiology; General and Practical Chemistry, conducted a vaccinator recognised by the Local Government Board. The Examination for the Licence zp divided into two in the Laboratory at the Hall of the Society ; Materia Medica and Botany ; Histology. Rejected candidates can- parts. The first part comprehends Chemistry, including not be re-examined until after the expiration of three Physics, Botany, Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, calendar months. and Pharmacy; the second, Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, The Second Examination at the termination of the medi- Therapeutics, Midwifery, Forensic Medicine, and Hygiene. cal studies, embraces Principles and Practice of Medicine, Candidates at the examination on Anatomy are liable to including an examination on the living subject ; Pathology be called on to perform dissections ; and at the examinaand Therapeutics ; Midwifery, including the Diseases of tion on Surgery to perform operations on the dead subject. Women and Children ; Forensic Medicine and Toxicology ; The Professional Examinations will be held quarterly, and will commence on the first and second Monday in Microscopical Pathology. Certificates are required of candidates for the Second or January, April, July, and October. They will be carried Pass Examination, of having completed four years’ medical on as follows : The first part on the first Monday at study, including the period spent at the hospital. Of being eleven o’clock A.M. and on the Tuesday and Wednesday twenty-one years of age, and of good moral conduct. Of succeeding at the same hour. Subjects : Chemistry, inhaving passed the First Examination. Of having completed cluding Chemical Physics, and Botany, Monday ; Materia the prescribed curriculum of study, including a personal Medica and Pharmacy, Tuesday ; Anatomy and Physiology, attendance of twenty cases of Midwifery ; and of having re- Wednesday. The second part, or final examination, on the ceived instruction in Practical Vaccination, and vaccinated not second Monday at 11 o’clock A.M. ; and on the Tuesday less than twenty cases. Of having served the office of clinical and Wednesday succeeding at the same hour. Subjects: clerk at a recognised hospital during the period of six weeks Medicine and Surgery,including Pathology and Therapeutics, at least. Of having been examined at the class examina- Monday; Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, tions instituted by the various lecturers and professors of Tuesday; Forensic Medicine and Hygiene, Wednesday; their respective medical schools and colleges. Clinical Examination, Thursday. Fees.-For a Certificate of Qualification to practise, six guineas, halfof which is retained in case of rejection, to.be ARMY, NAVY, AND INDIAN MEDICAL accounted for at a subsequent examination. For the First SERVICES. Examination, three guineas, which sum is retained in case of rejection and accounted for subsequently. For the Second Admission into the Army and Indian Medical Services is Examination, three guineas. For an Assistant’s Certificate gained as the result of competitive examination; for although two guineas, which sum is retained in case of rejection and by the last Army Warrant power is reserved to the Secretary accounted for subsequently. of State for War to fill up, without an examination, a Prizes are annually offered for proficiency in the knowledge number not exceeding half the vacancies in the department, of Materia Medica and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. The with qualified candidates recommended by the governing prizes consist of a gold medal awarded to the candidate who bodies of public schools of medicine in the United Kingdom distinguishes himself the most in the examination ; and a or Colonies, this has never yet been exercised. Candidates silver medal and a book, or books, to the candidate who for both services must, before being admitted to examinadoes so in the next degree. Also two prizes for proficiency tion, possess the double qualification to practise medicine in the knowledge of Botany, consisting of a gold medal to and surgery, and be registered under the Medical Act, and the candidate who distinguishes himself the most in the must also furnish satisfactory certificates of moral character. examination ; and a silver medal and a book, or books, to the Candidates for the army must be between the ages of twentycandidate who does so in the next degree. one and twenty-eight, III good health, and both parents of Medical and Surgical Scholarship,—The Scholarship is unmixed European blood ; for the Indian service, between of the annual value of £100, and is tenable for two years on twenty-two and twenty-eight, of sound bodily health, and certain conditions. It is open to all students of the medical natural born subjects of Her Majesty. Both are examined profession whose standing at the time of the examination as to physical fitness by a Board of Medical Officers. These is not less than four and not more than five years from the conditions being satisfied, the candidate is admitted to the date of their registration, and who have obtained and pos- competitive examination, which is usually held in London sess an English medical qualification. twice a year, in the months of February and August. The number of appointments to be competed for on each occasion varies according to the requirements of the services. APOTHECARIES’ HALL OF IRELAND. The subjects of examination are divided into compulsory Professional Education. —Every candidate for the licence and voluntary. The former comprise Anatomy and Phyto practise Medicine and Pharmacy must produce certifi- siology, Surgery, Medicine, including Therapeutics and the cates to the following effect :-Of having passed an examina- Diseases of Women and Children, Chemistry and Pharmacy, tion in Arts duly recognised by the General Medical and a practical knowledge of Drugs. The eligibility of the Council previously to entering on professional duty. Of candidate for admission into the service is determined by the registration as a medical student from the Registrar of result of this part of the examination. The voluntary subthe Medical Council. Of being at least twenty-one years jects are French, German, Comparative Anatomy, Zoology, of age, and of good and moral character. Of pupilage to a Natural Philosophy, Physical Geography, and Botany, qualified apothecary, or of having been otherwise engaged with especial reference to Materia Medica, and for the Indian at practical Pharmacy for a period of twelve months sub- service Hindustani. Although the results of the examinasequent to having passed the examination in Arts. Of tion on voluntary subjects do not affect the question of having spent four years in professional study. Of having the eligibility of the candidate for a commission, they inattended the following courses-namely : Chemistry, during fluence his position on the lists, which is determined by one winter session ; Anatomy and Physiology, during one the numbers obtained under the two heads conjointly. After winter session; Demonstrations and Dissections, during having passed this examination the successful candidates two winter sessions ; Botany and Natural History, during for both services are sent to the Army Medical School at one summer session ; Practical Chemistry (by daily instrucNetley as "surgeons on probation," with the rank of -

THE

424 lieutenant and the daily pay of Ss., to go through a four months’course of special instruction in the duties required of them in the service. The staff of the school consists of four professors, all of them men of acknowledged ability and high standing in their special departments ; Surgeon-General Longmore, C B , is Professor of Military Surgery ; Inspector-General Maclean, M.D., C.B., of Mititary Medicine; Surgeon-Major de Chaumont, M.D., F.R.S., of Military Hygiene ; and Dr. Aitken, F.R S., of Pathology. To each of these an Army Medical Officer is attached as Assistant Professor. The lectures on Military Surgery include gunshot and other wounds, transport of sick and wounded, duties of army medical officers in the field, during sieges, and on board troopships and transports, &c. Those on Military Medicine treat of tropical and other diseases to which soldiers are exposed in the course of their service, the mortality and invaliding by disease, in peace and war, at home and abroad. The course of Hygiene comprises the exami-i nation of water and air, the general principles of diet, with the quality and adulterations of food and beverages, the sanitary requirements of barracks, hospitals, and camps, the clothing, duties, and exercises of the soldier, and the circumstances affecting his health with the best means of preventing disease, and instruction in the mode of preparing the various statistical and other returns required of the medical officer. The surgeons on probation are detailed for duty in the wards of the hospital, under the Professors and Assistant-Professors of Medicine and Surgery, and receive practical instruction in the mode of examining recruits. The Surgeons on probation are provided with quarters, and are members of the excellent mess established at Netley. After having passed through the course of instruction they are examined on the subjects taught in the school. For the army this is merely a " pass," and does not affect the position gained at the entrant examination ; for the Indian service the numbers obtained are added to those previously assigned, and the seniority on the list is determined by the combined results of the preliminary and final examinations. At the close of each session five prizes are awarded : the Herbert prize of j620 to the surgeon on prohation who has obtained the highest number of marks at the London and Netley examinations conjointly; the Parkes Memorial Bronze Medal to the one who gains the highest number of marks in the examination on Hygiene at Netley, combined with those given for the answers toa special question set on the same subject; the Martin Memorial Gold Medal to the highest number of. marks in the final examination on Military Medicine, with the addition of those gained for a special question connected with it ; the Montefiore Gold Medal and E20, awarded in the same manner for Military Surgery; and the Montefiore Second Prize, consisting of works on Military Surgery, to the surgeon on probation who obtains the second highest numbers in this branch. The competition for the last four prizes is optional. The conditions of admissionto the Naval Medical the Army; but the Service are the same as those candidate is also required to declare his readiness to engage for general service, and to proceed on duty abroad whenever required to do so. After having passed the competitive examination in London the successful candidate will receive a commission as surgeon in the Royal Navy, "and will undergo a course of practical instruction in Naval Hygiene at Haslar Hospital." At present Fleet Surgeon Walter Reid, M.D , has been appointed to Haslar "for instruction of surgeoDs on entry," and Surgeon H. B. Collins" to assist in instruction of surgeons on entry ;" but we have no information as to the length of the course, the conditions under which it is conducted, or the subjects professed to be taught. The following tables, showing the rates of pay and halfpay of the three branches, will probably be acceptable to students who entertain any intention of entering the public service.

Surgeons are promoted to be Surgeons-Major on completing twelve years’ full-pay service, of which three must have been abroad. Surgeons-Major are promoted to Brigade Surgeons by selection for ability and merit, but must have had eight years’ foreign service ; and Brigade Surgeons, to be eligible for selection as Deputy-Surgeons-General, must have served abroad at least ten years, of which three must have been in India. All officers under the rank of Deputy-Surgeon-General are placed on the retired list at the age of fifty-five, and those of that rank and Surgeons-General at the age of sixty.

We are informed that certain additions explanatory of matters of detail will shortly be made in the prospectus issued to candidates for the Indian Medical Service. When these are issued, we shall not fail to bring them to the notice of our readers. ROYAL NAVY. some

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Surgeons are promoted to Staff Surgeons after twelve years

service, provided they pass the requisite examination, and Staff Surgeons to Fleet Surgeons after twentv years, if

recommended by the Director-General. Deputy InspectorsGeneral are promoted by selection from the Fleet Surgeons, and Inspectors-General from the Deputy Inspectors-General having three years’ foreign, four years’ mixed, or five years home service. Inspectors and Deputy Inspectors-General are retired compulsorily at sixty, and other -grades at fiftyfive years of age, and all ranks at any time if they have not served for five years. In calculating service for retired pay, time on half-pay will be taken as equivalent to one-third

service on full-pay.