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The association between health behaviors in children and adolescents at risk for type 2 diabetes and their parents
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 5
POSTER SESSION: SCIENCE OF FOOD AND NUTRITION/WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH/RESEARCH AND GRANTS TITLE: FOODWAYS OF BAYELSANS IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA AUTHOR(S): G.M. Awipi, PhD, RD; Department of Family Consumer Sciences, University of Tennessee, Martin, Tennessee LEARNING OUTCOME: To highlight trends in food availability and food productivity as well as the assessment of the factors that influence food choices in a developing country. TEXT: One hundred (100) women, ranging in ages from 17-70 years, were given copies of a structured questionnaire/interview in local language (Izon) to generate a comprehensive database of relevant information on foodways. The questionnaire dealt with information on food production (fishing, farming), preferences, choices, meal preparation methods, level of education, political and socio-economic factors, travels, eating patterns, acceptance of new food ideas, sicknesses, food taboos, etc. A food frequency checklist was also designed to measure variation of food supply during the two main seasons, which were dry and wet seasons (Bara and Beniseri). The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), version SPSS-X was used to analyse data. Results obtained included positive correlation between educational level and acceptance of new food ideas and degree of non-compliance with recorded indigenous food taboos. Bayelsan women, as in many cultures, are the best source of information on food habits in the culture of Bayelsans. Women are totally responsible for food production, preparation and feeding the household. Travelling in and out of the area is limited and a direct negative effect on food availability and food production caused by the oil industry and various dam building projects are captured when comparisons of prior generations’ food availability/production are made. The results would further research on Nutrition/Health status of communities in developing countries.
TITLE: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES AND THEIR PARENTS AUTHOR(S): G.D. Wager, BS, P.A. Cowan, PhD, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; L.H. Clemens, EdD, RD, University of Memphis; R.R. Roach, EdD, RD, University of Memphis LEARNING OUTCOME: To increase the awareness of how certain health behaviors in children and adolescents can increase their risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). TEXT: The typical American lifestyle contributes to the development of obesity in youth, which can lead to an increased risk for T2D. This study examined (1) the association between the youth’s 24-hour dietary recall and the youth’s dietary behaviors, (2) the relationship between physical activity, dietary behaviors, and BMI of youth, (3) the association between parent and youth dietary behaviors, and (4) described the nutritional patterns in obese African American (AA) youth at risk for T2D. Obese AA youth (8-18 years old, 60% female) and their parents completed a dietary behavior questionnaire. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and 24-hour diet diary recall were obtained from the youth. Nutritional analysis was performed. All youth were overweight (BMI 85th % on age and gender specific growth charts). Pearson Correlations were used to examine relationships between variables. Both parent and child had a high frequency of missed/skipped meals (31%), 23% reported 0 servings of fruits/vegetables daily, 40% reported 1-2 servings of fast food daily, and 48% reported 1-2 servings of soft drinks a day. Boys and girls reported similar energy intake (mean of ⬎1800 kcals) consisting of ⬃15% protein, ⬃50 CHO, and ⬃35% fat. There were no statistically significant correlations between (1) the child’s 24-hour dietary intake and reported dietary behaviors, and (2) the child’s BMI, physical activity and dietary behaviors. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Not Applicable
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: UT Martin Faculty Development grant
TITLE: PRIMETTIME TELEVISION SHOWS INFLUENCE ADOLESCENTS’ ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AUTHOR(S): C.M. Wharton, MS; Arizona State University East; C.A. Taylor, MS, RD; Oklahoma State University; J.S. Hampl, PhD, RD; Arizona State University East LEARNING OUTCOME: By listening to or reading this abstract presentation, dietetics professionals will learn about the relationship between alcoholic beverage consumption by characters on television and drinking behaviors of adolescents in Arizona. TEXT: In the United States, adolescents spend an inordinate amount of time interacting with various forms of media, especially television; as such, the media have an unprecedented ability to influence this impressionable group in many ways, including alcohol consumption behavior. To explore this effect, we analyzed the content of the 10 most popular primetime programs among 12- to 17-year-olds in Phoenix, Arizona. Based on this analysis, we developed an online survey, which was accessed by adolescent students across Arizona (n⫽524), and we used logistic regression to determine predictors of alcohol consumption among respondents. Over 30% of respondents reported that beer and wine were the most frequently consumed beverages among television characters, while an additional 8% reported that hard alcohol was most frequently consumed. In addition, 22% said their friends consumed alcohol more frequently than milk, juice, and soda when socializing. Significant predictors in the regression model (R2⫽0.324) included age (RR⫽1.31, 95% CI⫽1.10-1.56), non-Hispanic ethnicity (RR⫽2.26, 95% CI⫽1.35,3.77), lack of knowledge of intoxication (RR⫽1.44, 95% CI⫽1.11,1.86), attitude about alcohol (RR⫽2.28, 95% CI⫽1.50,3.45), and interest in television characters’ sex appeal (RR⫽1.39, 95% CI⫽1.12,1.72). In addition, adolescents whose peers drank alcohol when socializing were significantly more likely to watch television (⌬⫽0.41 hr/d, P⫽0.005) and to be older (⌬⫽0.6 yr, P⫽0.0001) than were non-peer drinkers. These data indicate that popular television shows do influence adolescents’ drinking behaviors and should be considered in health behavior messages to adolescents. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (03-35200-13445).
TITLE: QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF A COMMUNITY-BASED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM PROVIDES DEPTH TO QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION AUTHOR(S): M.E. Penisten; R.E. Litchfield, PhD, RD, LD; S. Ryan, MS, RD, LD; J. Myers-Geadelmann, BS, RN; J. Pendergast, PhD; K. Ullom; Iowa State University; Iowa Department of Public Health; University of Iowa LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate a community-based cardiovascular risk reduction program, using qualitative methods to enhance quantitative findings. TEXT: Women of lower socioeconomic status and education level are likely to be under-diagnosed and under-treated for cardiovascular disease (CVD). These women are concerned about their risk for CVD and are interested in adopting healthier lifestyles. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate a community-based nutrition and physical activity CVD risk reduction intervention. Of 340 participants, 91.04% are Caucasian; 69.8% have a high school diploma/some college; 73.31% have no health insurance; and 54.25% have household incomes of $500-1499 per month. The participants’ mean age is 53.72 ⫾ 6.35. Structured observations were conducted for 2 of 12 sessions at 4 intervention sites (8 observations total). Participant questions and verbal responses and educator questions were documented and tallied. Participant and educator questions were categorized as knowledge, upperlevel, procedural, nonacademic, disciplinary, and clarification. Thirty-nine percent of educator-initiated questions were categorized as nonacademic, related to health-behaviors and prompting participant conversation. Most (44.1%) of the participant-initiated questions were knowledge questions, related to factual information. Participant verbal responses were categorized as paraphrasing, revelation, emotional, or application; 73.7% were application. A Likert scale quantitatively evaluated the instructor and content of each intervention (1 ⫽ far below average; 5 ⫽ far above average). Mean scores on five instructor items ranged from 4.34-4.54 and four content items ranged from 4.12-4.66. Quantitative evaluation of the intervention was positive; however, qualitative evaluation provided additional insight into the participants’ depth of learning. Qualitative evaluation identified higher-level thinking by participants, evidenced by their use of verbal responses, which were application. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
A-54 / August 2004 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 104 Number 8
POSTER SESSION: SCIENCE OF FOOD AND NUTRITION/WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH/RESEARCH AND GRANTS TITLE: FOODWAYS OF BAYELSANS IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA AUTHOR(S): G.M. Awipi, PhD, RD; Department of Family Consumer Sciences, University of Tennessee, Martin, Tennessee LEARNING OUTCOME: To highlight trends in food availability and food productivity as well as the assessment of the factors that influence food choices in a developing country. TEXT: One hundred (100) women, ranging in ages from 17-70 years, were given copies of a structured questionnaire/interview in local language (Izon) to generate a comprehensive database of relevant information on foodways. The questionnaire dealt with information on food production (fishing, farming), preferences, choices, meal preparation methods, level of education, political and socio-economic factors, travels, eating patterns, acceptance of new food ideas, sicknesses, food taboos, etc. A food frequency checklist was also designed to measure variation of food supply during the two main seasons, which were dry and wet seasons (Bara and Beniseri). The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), version SPSS-X was used to analyse data. Results obtained included positive correlation between educational level and acceptance of new food ideas and degree of non-compliance with recorded indigenous food taboos. Bayelsan women, as in many cultures, are the best source of information on food habits in the culture of Bayelsans. Women are totally responsible for food production, preparation and feeding the household. Travelling in and out of the area is limited and a direct negative effect on food availability and food production caused by the oil industry and various dam building projects are captured when comparisons of prior generations’ food availability/production are made. The results would further research on Nutrition/Health status of communities in developing countries.
TITLE: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES AND THEIR PARENTS AUTHOR(S): G.D. Wager, BS, P.A. Cowan, PhD, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; L.H. Clemens, EdD, RD, University of Memphis; R.R. Roach, EdD, RD, University of Memphis LEARNING OUTCOME: To increase the awareness of how certain health behaviors in children and adolescents can increase their risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). TEXT: The typical American lifestyle contributes to the development of obesity in youth, which can lead to an increased risk for T2D. This study examined (1) the association between the youth’s 24-hour dietary recall and the youth’s dietary behaviors, (2) the relationship between physical activity, dietary behaviors, and BMI of youth, (3) the association between parent and youth dietary behaviors, and (4) described the nutritional patterns in obese African American (AA) youth at risk for T2D. Obese AA youth (8-18 years old, 60% female) and their parents completed a dietary behavior questionnaire. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and 24-hour diet diary recall were obtained from the youth. Nutritional analysis was performed. All youth were overweight (BMI 85th % on age and gender specific growth charts). Pearson Correlations were used to examine relationships between variables. Both parent and child had a high frequency of missed/skipped meals (31%), 23% reported 0 servings of fruits/vegetables daily, 40% reported 1-2 servings of fast food daily, and 48% reported 1-2 servings of soft drinks a day. Boys and girls reported similar energy intake (mean of ⬎1800 kcals) consisting of ⬃15% protein, ⬃50 CHO, and ⬃35% fat. There were no statistically significant correlations between (1) the child’s 24-hour dietary intake and reported dietary behaviors, and (2) the child’s BMI, physical activity and dietary behaviors. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Not Applicable
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: UT Martin Faculty Development grant
TITLE: PRIMETTIME TELEVISION SHOWS INFLUENCE ADOLESCENTS’ ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AUTHOR(S): C.M. Wharton, MS; Arizona State University East; C.A. Taylor, MS, RD; Oklahoma State University; J.S. Hampl, PhD, RD; Arizona State University East LEARNING OUTCOME: By listening to or reading this abstract presentation, dietetics professionals will learn about the relationship between alcoholic beverage consumption by characters on television and drinking behaviors of adolescents in Arizona. TEXT: In the United States, adolescents spend an inordinate amount of time interacting with various forms of media, especially television; as such, the media have an unprecedented ability to influence this impressionable group in many ways, including alcohol consumption behavior. To explore this effect, we analyzed the content of the 10 most popular primetime programs among 12- to 17-year-olds in Phoenix, Arizona. Based on this analysis, we developed an online survey, which was accessed by adolescent students across Arizona (n⫽524), and we used logistic regression to determine predictors of alcohol consumption among respondents. Over 30% of respondents reported that beer and wine were the most frequently consumed beverages among television characters, while an additional 8% reported that hard alcohol was most frequently consumed. In addition, 22% said their friends consumed alcohol more frequently than milk, juice, and soda when socializing. Significant predictors in the regression model (R2⫽0.324) included age (RR⫽1.31, 95% CI⫽1.10-1.56), non-Hispanic ethnicity (RR⫽2.26, 95% CI⫽1.35,3.77), lack of knowledge of intoxication (RR⫽1.44, 95% CI⫽1.11,1.86), attitude about alcohol (RR⫽2.28, 95% CI⫽1.50,3.45), and interest in television characters’ sex appeal (RR⫽1.39, 95% CI⫽1.12,1.72). In addition, adolescents whose peers drank alcohol when socializing were significantly more likely to watch television (⌬⫽0.41 hr/d, P⫽0.005) and to be older (⌬⫽0.6 yr, P⫽0.0001) than were non-peer drinkers. These data indicate that popular television shows do influence adolescents’ drinking behaviors and should be considered in health behavior messages to adolescents. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (03-35200-13445).
TITLE: QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF A COMMUNITY-BASED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM PROVIDES DEPTH TO QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION AUTHOR(S): M.E. Penisten; R.E. Litchfield, PhD, RD, LD; S. Ryan, MS, RD, LD; J. Myers-Geadelmann, BS, RN; J. Pendergast, PhD; K. Ullom; Iowa State University; Iowa Department of Public Health; University of Iowa LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate a community-based cardiovascular risk reduction program, using qualitative methods to enhance quantitative findings. TEXT: Women of lower socioeconomic status and education level are likely to be under-diagnosed and under-treated for cardiovascular disease (CVD). These women are concerned about their risk for CVD and are interested in adopting healthier lifestyles. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate a community-based nutrition and physical activity CVD risk reduction intervention. Of 340 participants, 91.04% are Caucasian; 69.8% have a high school diploma/some college; 73.31% have no health insurance; and 54.25% have household incomes of $500-1499 per month. The participants’ mean age is 53.72 ⫾ 6.35. Structured observations were conducted for 2 of 12 sessions at 4 intervention sites (8 observations total). Participant questions and verbal responses and educator questions were documented and tallied. Participant and educator questions were categorized as knowledge, upperlevel, procedural, nonacademic, disciplinary, and clarification. Thirty-nine percent of educator-initiated questions were categorized as nonacademic, related to health-behaviors and prompting participant conversation. Most (44.1%) of the participant-initiated questions were knowledge questions, related to factual information. Participant verbal responses were categorized as paraphrasing, revelation, emotional, or application; 73.7% were application. A Likert scale quantitatively evaluated the instructor and content of each intervention (1 ⫽ far below average; 5 ⫽ far above average). Mean scores on five instructor items ranged from 4.34-4.54 and four content items ranged from 4.12-4.66. Quantitative evaluation of the intervention was positive; however, qualitative evaluation provided additional insight into the participants’ depth of learning. Qualitative evaluation identified higher-level thinking by participants, evidenced by their use of verbal responses, which were application. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
A-54 / August 2004 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 104 Number 8