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The automatic selection of prime soundings for nautical chart compilation
OLR(I990)37 (12)
F. General
southwest Netherlands from a repeat of the 1953 storm-surge that killed 1835 people. The Delta Project is one of the world's greatest civil-engineering projects; its 11 major and multiple secondary components have the function of (1) closing off three main estuaries which shorten the coastline by ~ 7 2 0 kin, (2) creating a non-tidal waterway, the Scheldt-Rhine link, which facilitates inland shipping between Antwerp and Rotterdam (120 km), and (3) ensuring the partial environmental preservation of the Delta area. This case history addresses geology and foundation problems, planning and construction sequence, site investigation and foundation preparation, methods of construction, and foundation/ structural interaction. The main focus is the megascale control barrier completed in 1986 across the 7.5 km-wide mouth of the Eastern Scheldt Estuary. The new techniques developed on the project have world-wide application to future coastal and offshore construction. Dept. of Geol., Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
F190. Navigation, cartography, etc. 90:7240 Eaton, R.M., 1990. GPS and the electronic chart will go a long way towards preventing tanker groundings. Lighthouse, 41:27-32. For those who have no experience of bridge watch-keeping it may be difficult to conceive how accidents happen on a ship fitted with modern navigation equipment in a channel marked by buoys and lights. But most people who have served on the bridge have got lost on some occasion and can understand all too easily how confusion builds up, particularly in bad weather or with other distractions. The problem is that it is difficult to merge and visualize instantly three vital pieces of information: where the ship is located, where she is heading, and where the dangers lie. Transferring such information to the chart by hand takes too long and is too error-prone. The Exxon Valdez appears to have been a classic case of grounding in the confusion resulting from altering course to avoid collision with ice. I believe this and many other groundings would have easily been avoided using two new developments in navigation: (1) precise positioning wherever it is needed, by Navstar GPS; and (2) continuous display of ship's position on an electronic chart. Such a system is described. 828 Bisset Rd., RR 1, Dartmouth, NS B2W 3X7, Canada. 90:7241 Lachapelle, G. et al., 1990. Marine DGPS lDifferential Global Positioning System] using code and
I 133 carrier in a multipath environment. Lighthouse, 41:33-37. Surv. Engng, Univ. of Calgary, 2500 Univ. Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N IN4, Canada.
90:7242 Viehoff, Thomas, 1990. A shipborne AVHRR-HRPT receiving and image processing system for polar research [for navigation aid in ice-covered regionsl. Int. J. Remote Sens., 11(5):877-886. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresfors., Columbusstr., 2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. 90:7243 Warren, J.S., L.G. Boone and P. Guibord, 1990. A digital depth model and automated contours. Lighthouse, 41:15-18. A computer program named 'CONTOUR,' written by Boone and Warren of the Canadian Hydrographic Service (1989) places a-grid over the map area, but retains the field data, interpolates secondary depth values, produces a digital depth model for bathymetric data, and creates contours. This program does not generate contours unsupported by the field data, nor does it replace the field data with interpolated values. Field data are retained and used in the interpolation of all other data required to provide the depth model. Contour maps are created with user-selected combinations of contours and/or the values in the model. Canadian Hydrographic Serv., 615 Booth St., Ottawa, ON K I A OE6, Canada. 90:7244 Zoraster, S., 1990. The automatic selection of prime soundings for nautical chart compilation. Lighthouse, 41:9-13. All nautical charts include selected soundings to provide detail about the density of the sounding data from which the depth curves were derived. Today the selection of soundings for chart display is performed manually. This paper describes a computer algorithm which selects 'prime soundings' for display on a nautical chart from a set of soundings provided to support chart compilation. Prime soundings are those that contain maximum information for a chart user trying to navigate outside designated channels. Zycor Inc., 220 Foremost Dr., Austin, TX 78745, USA.
F220. Medicine and public health 90:7245 Waldichuk, M., 1990. Editorial. Marine biotoxins
F. General
southwest Netherlands from a repeat of the 1953 storm-surge that killed 1835 people. The Delta Project is one of the world's greatest civil-engineering projects; its 11 major and multiple secondary components have the function of (1) closing off three main estuaries which shorten the coastline by ~ 7 2 0 kin, (2) creating a non-tidal waterway, the Scheldt-Rhine link, which facilitates inland shipping between Antwerp and Rotterdam (120 km), and (3) ensuring the partial environmental preservation of the Delta area. This case history addresses geology and foundation problems, planning and construction sequence, site investigation and foundation preparation, methods of construction, and foundation/ structural interaction. The main focus is the megascale control barrier completed in 1986 across the 7.5 km-wide mouth of the Eastern Scheldt Estuary. The new techniques developed on the project have world-wide application to future coastal and offshore construction. Dept. of Geol., Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
F190. Navigation, cartography, etc. 90:7240 Eaton, R.M., 1990. GPS and the electronic chart will go a long way towards preventing tanker groundings. Lighthouse, 41:27-32. For those who have no experience of bridge watch-keeping it may be difficult to conceive how accidents happen on a ship fitted with modern navigation equipment in a channel marked by buoys and lights. But most people who have served on the bridge have got lost on some occasion and can understand all too easily how confusion builds up, particularly in bad weather or with other distractions. The problem is that it is difficult to merge and visualize instantly three vital pieces of information: where the ship is located, where she is heading, and where the dangers lie. Transferring such information to the chart by hand takes too long and is too error-prone. The Exxon Valdez appears to have been a classic case of grounding in the confusion resulting from altering course to avoid collision with ice. I believe this and many other groundings would have easily been avoided using two new developments in navigation: (1) precise positioning wherever it is needed, by Navstar GPS; and (2) continuous display of ship's position on an electronic chart. Such a system is described. 828 Bisset Rd., RR 1, Dartmouth, NS B2W 3X7, Canada. 90:7241 Lachapelle, G. et al., 1990. Marine DGPS lDifferential Global Positioning System] using code and
I 133 carrier in a multipath environment. Lighthouse, 41:33-37. Surv. Engng, Univ. of Calgary, 2500 Univ. Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N IN4, Canada.
90:7242 Viehoff, Thomas, 1990. A shipborne AVHRR-HRPT receiving and image processing system for polar research [for navigation aid in ice-covered regionsl. Int. J. Remote Sens., 11(5):877-886. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresfors., Columbusstr., 2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. 90:7243 Warren, J.S., L.G. Boone and P. Guibord, 1990. A digital depth model and automated contours. Lighthouse, 41:15-18. A computer program named 'CONTOUR,' written by Boone and Warren of the Canadian Hydrographic Service (1989) places a-grid over the map area, but retains the field data, interpolates secondary depth values, produces a digital depth model for bathymetric data, and creates contours. This program does not generate contours unsupported by the field data, nor does it replace the field data with interpolated values. Field data are retained and used in the interpolation of all other data required to provide the depth model. Contour maps are created with user-selected combinations of contours and/or the values in the model. Canadian Hydrographic Serv., 615 Booth St., Ottawa, ON K I A OE6, Canada. 90:7244 Zoraster, S., 1990. The automatic selection of prime soundings for nautical chart compilation. Lighthouse, 41:9-13. All nautical charts include selected soundings to provide detail about the density of the sounding data from which the depth curves were derived. Today the selection of soundings for chart display is performed manually. This paper describes a computer algorithm which selects 'prime soundings' for display on a nautical chart from a set of soundings provided to support chart compilation. Prime soundings are those that contain maximum information for a chart user trying to navigate outside designated channels. Zycor Inc., 220 Foremost Dr., Austin, TX 78745, USA.
F220. Medicine and public health 90:7245 Waldichuk, M., 1990. Editorial. Marine biotoxins