- Email: [email protected]
The B0+–X1Σ+ transition of AgCl
Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138 www.elsevier.com/locate/jms
Note
The B 0þ –X 1Rþ transition of AgCl L.C. OÕBrien,* M.A. Blair, and A.K. Lambeth Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026-1652, USA Received 28 April 2003; in revised form 6 June 2003
1. Introduction
2. Experimental methods and results
The electronic spectrum of AgCl was first published by Brice in 1930 [1]. Numerous vibronic bandheads were reported for all four isotopomers observed in the B 0þ –X 1 Rþ spectrum, and electronic and vibrational parameters were presented [1]. In 1959, Barrow et al. [2] reported rotational constants for the B 0þ and X 1 Rþ states of 107 Ag35 Cl. Krishner and Norris [3] recorded the J ¼3 2 and J ¼ 4 3 rotational transitions, and published improved ground state rotational constants and quadrupole coupling constants for all four isotopomers of AgCl in 1966. Additionally in 1966, Pearson and Gordy [4] recorded the millimeter and submillimeter spectrum observing rotational levels from J ¼ 14 through 50 for several vibrational levels with improved rotational parameters. In 1967, Barrow and Clements [5] reported electronic and rotational constants for 107 Ag35 Cl and 107 Ag37 Cl (using isotopically enriched 107 Ag) for several vibronic transitions observed in the B 0þ –X 1 Rþ spectrum. In 1992 and 1993, Gerry and coworkers [6,7] recorded additional pure rotational transitions for the isotopomers of AgCl. Quite recently, Guichemerre et al. [8] reported on the electronic structure of Cu, Ag, and Au monohalides based on high-level ab initio calculations on these molecules. Their results suggest that the AgCl B 0þ state corresponds to the 2 1 Rþ state [8]. Our work on the B–X electronic spectrum of AgCl includes improved molecular parameters for the B 0þ state of 107 Ag35 Cl and 107 Ag37 Cl, and presents the molecular parameters for 109 Ag35 Cl and 109 Ag37 Cl in the B 0þ state for the first time.
The excited AgCl molecules were produced in a microwave discharge, with approximately 2.0 Torr helium flowing over AgCl powder. A heat gun was aimed at the powder. The microwave power supply was operated with 70 W absorbed power. Once this was achieved a pink glow was visible in the cavity. The electronic spectrum was recorded by the Fourier transform spectrometer housed at the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Ten scans were co-added at a resolution of 0.05 cm1 . A UV quartz beam splitter and super blue silicon photodiodes limited the region to 8000–35 000 cm1 . The line positions were determined from the spectrum by a data-reduction program called Gremlin. Using the ground state parameters from Pearson and Gordy [4] and the excited state parameters from Clements and Barrow [5], we were able to predict and identify the P- and R-branch for 107 Ag35 Cl and the P-branch for 107 Ag37 Cl. Since the molecular parameters of the B 0þ state for the 107 Ag35 Cl and 107 Ag37 Cl isotopomers were consistent with the isotopic relationships
* Corresponding author. Fax: 1-618-650-3556. E-mail address: [email protected] (L.C. OÕBrien).
0022-2852/$ - see front matter Ó 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00180-2
Fig. 1. A portion of the B 0þ –X 1 Rþ band of AgCl showing several P-branch transitions. The isotopomers are identified by the hash marks.
136
Table 1 Observed line positions (in cm1 ) of the AgCl isotopomers 107
Ag35 Cl
109
P ðJ 00 Þ J 00
31556.133 31555.586 31555.034 31554.476 31553.919 31553.321 31552.734 31552.150 31551.525 31550.918 31550.287 31549.666 31549.022 31548.367 31547.703 31547.035 31546.351 31545.673 31544.959 31544.258 31543.540 31542.806 31542.075 31541.327 31540.576 31539.791 31539.034 31538.249 31537.455 31536.640 31535.829 31534.998
O)C
0.002 )0.002 )0.002 0.001 0.013 )0.006 )0.005 0.009 )0.010 )0.002 )0.008 0.005 0.004 0.001 )0.001 0.002 )0.002 0.010 )0.005 0.002 0.002 )0.004 0.002 0.000 0.005 )0.014 0.005 0.005 0.006 )0.004 0.000 )0.007
Obs
31568.413 31568.121 31567.820 31567.506 31567.186 31566.859 31566.518 31566.178 31565.817
107
P ðJ 00 Þ
RðJ 00 Þ
O)C
Obs
O)C
0.001 )0.001 )0.002 )0.006 )0.006 )0.003 )0.004 0.006 0.005
31561.630 31561.171 31560.713 31560.275 31559.806 31559.309 31558.831 31558.346 31557.843 31557.322 31556.801 31556.275 31555.733 31555.181 31554.603 31554.046 31553.471 31552.887 31552.296 31551.699 31551.088 31550.464 31549.829 31549.192 31548.534 31547.880 31547.219 31546.538 31545.864 31545.159 31544.455 31543.740 31543.013 31542.288 31541.537 31540.786 31540.022 31539.254 31538.469 31537.675 31536.877 31536.069 31535.241
0.008 )0.008 )0.015 0.008 0.008 )0.011 )0.002 0.008 0.010 0.002 0.003 0.009 0.006 0.003 )0.017 )0.007 )0.006 )0.005 )0.002 0.004 0.005 0.003 )0.002 0.001 )0.008 )0.004 0.002 )0.002 0.010 0.001 0.002 0.001 )0.002 0.006 )0.002 )0.001 )0.002 0.001 )0.002 )0.005 )0.002 0.001 )0.007
Obs
31568.513 31568.213 31567.906 31567.599 31567.285 31566.958 31566.617 31566.283 31565.930
Ag37 Cl
109
P ðJ 00 Þ
Ag37 Cl
P ðJ 00 Þ
O)C
Obs
O)C
Obs
O)C
0.010 )0.002 )0.010 )0.009 )0.005 )0.004 )0.006 0.008 0.013
31547.369 31546.661 31545.994 31545.299 31544.578 31543.937 31543.127 31542.442 31541.707 31540.986 31540.252 31539.478 31538.650 31537.915 31537.101
0.032 )0.006 0.006 0.000 )0.024 0.042 )0.053 )0.013 )0.014 0.008 0.027 0.015 )0.042 0.003 )0.021
31547.569 31546.875 31546.181 31545.500 31544.752 31544.138 31543.377 31542.669 31541.934 31541.200 31540.452 31539.682 31538.890 31538.142 31537.341
0.057 0.028 0.009 0.012 )0.044 0.044 )0.006 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.004 )0.009 )0.035 )0.007 )0.023
L.C. OÕBrien et al. / Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
Obs
RðJ 00 Þ
Ag35 Cl
137
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
31534.163 31533.322 31532.467 31531.616 31530.728 31529.850 31528.959 31528.047 31527.133 31526.205 31525.270 31524.329 31523.360
)0.007 )0.004 )0.005 0.009 )0.005 0.002 0.006 )0.001 0.000 )0.002 )0.001 0.004 )0.008
31565.450 31565.084 31564.669 31564.262
0.008 0.023 )0.001 )0.007
31534.417 31533.579 31532.718 31531.863 31530.988 31530.113 31529.222 31528.318 31527.414 31526.488 31525.547 31524.609 31523.651
0.000 0.002 )0.008 )0.003 )0.007 )0.001 )0.002 )0.005 0.003 )0.002 )0.011 )0.006 )0.012
31565.563 31565.182 31564.781 31564.388 31563.980 31563.566 31563.123 31562.678 31562.218 31561.757 31561.296 31560.819 31560.312
0.015 0.013 0.001 0.008 0.009 0.016 0.004 0.000 )0.008 )0.007 0.005 0.012 0.000
31536.326 31535.525 31534.697 31533.869 31533.041 31532.187 31531.466 31530.458 31529.576 31528.722 31527.807 31526.899 31525.991 31525.056 31524.122 31523.154 31522.185 31521.257 31520.283 31519.288 31518.300 31517.151
0.004 0.012 0.002 0.002 0.011 0.004 0.140 )0.001 )0.007 0.025 0.006 0.003 0.011 0.001 0.003 )0.019 )0.033 0.005 0.007 )0.002 0.007 )0.135
31536.567 31535.725 31534.924 31534.230 31533.375 31532.575 31531.693 31531.151 31530.037 31529.069 31528.168 31527.240 31526.298 31525.457 31524.442 31523.487 31522.539 31521.571 31520.616 31519.622 31518.614 31517.612
)0.003 )0.041 )0.028 0.101 0.078 0.121 0.091 0.410 0.168 0.081 0.071 0.044 0.013 0.093 0.009 )0.005 )0.002 )0.008 0.008 )0.004 )0.019 )0.019
L.C. OÕBrien et al. / Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138
Fig. 2. The AgCl R-branch band heads. The isotopomers of each band head are identified. Table 2 Molecular constants for the B 0þ state of AgCl isotopomers (cm1 ) Isotopomer
To
Bo
Do 108
107 Ag35 Cl Lit. Value (5) 109 Ag35 Cl 107 Ag37 Cl Lit. Value (5) 109 Ag37 Cl
31569.3505(67) 31569.30(2) 31569.4183(35) 31570.067(35) 31569.97(2) 31570.081(42)
0.1183613(43) 0.118390(6) 0.1178344(24) 0.113542(15) 0.11359(8) 0.113003(18)
9.049(61) 9.47(3) 9.057(37) 8.23(16) 9.06(7) 8.35(18)
Numbers in parentheses represent a 1r error estimate.
[9], these isotopic relationships were further used to predict and identify the P- and R-branch for 109 Ag35 Cl and the P-branch for 109 Ag37 Cl. A portion of AgCl spectrum that shows the P-branch for the four isotopomers is given in Fig. 1. The identified ro-electronic transitions, given in Table 1, were included in a nonlinear least squares fitting program to determine the molecular parameters of the B 0þ state for the four isotopomers, using fixed ground state parameters from Pearson and Gordy [4]. The standard polynomial expression for the energy levels of a 1 Rþ state was used [8]. Since the 109 Ag37 Cl data included only the P-branch lines, the molecular constants determined by the fit were used to predict the location of the R-branch bandhead, which was consistent with the location of the bandhead observed in the spectrum (see Fig. 2). The molecular parameters for the B 0þ state are reported in Table 2 and compared with literature values [5]. Since the isotopic relationships [9] were used to predict the excited state energy levels for the 109 Ag35 Cl and 109 Ag37 Cl isotopomers to predict the P- and R-branch transitions, it should come as no surprise that the final fitted molecular parameters for the B 0þ state for all four isotopomers are consistent with the isotopic relationships.
Acknowledgments The National Solar Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,
138
L.C. OÕBrien et al. / Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138
under contract with the National Science Foundation. We thank Mike Dulick and Detrick Branston for expert technical assistance in recording the spectra. Acknowledgment is made to the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this work. Acknowledgment is made to the National Science Foundation, through Grant NSF-CHE-0213363, for partial support for this work.
References [1] B.A. Brice, The band spectrum of silver chloride, Phys. Rev. 35 (1930) 960–972. [2] R.F. Barrow, E. Morgan, C.V. Wright, Internuclear distances in gaseous silver halides, Proc. Chem. Soc. (1959) 303–304.
[3] L.C. Krishner, W.G. Norris, Microwave spectrum of silver chloride, J. Chem. Phys. 44 (1966) 391–394. [4] E. Pearson, W. Gordy, Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectra and molecular constants of silver chloride, Phys. Rev. 152 (1966) 43–45. [5] R.M. Clements, R.F. Barrow, Rotational analysis of bands of the B–X system of gaseous AgCl, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63 (1967) 2876– 2878. [6] C. Styger, M.C.L. Gerry, Pure rotational transitions of silver chloride prepared in an electric discharge, observed with a cavity microwave Fourier-transform spectrometer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 188 (1992) 213–216. [7] K.D. Hensel, C. Styger, W. Jager, A.J. Merer, M.C.L. Gerry, Microwave spectra of metal chlorides produced using laser ablation, J. Chem. Phys. 99 (1993) 3320–3328. [8] M. Guichemerre, G. Chambaud, H. Stoll, Electronic structure and spectroscopy of monohalides of metals of group I-B, Chem. Phys. 280 (2002) 71–102. [9] G. Herzberg, Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, Krieger, Malabar, FL, 1950.
Note
The B 0þ –X 1Rþ transition of AgCl L.C. OÕBrien,* M.A. Blair, and A.K. Lambeth Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026-1652, USA Received 28 April 2003; in revised form 6 June 2003
1. Introduction
2. Experimental methods and results
The electronic spectrum of AgCl was first published by Brice in 1930 [1]. Numerous vibronic bandheads were reported for all four isotopomers observed in the B 0þ –X 1 Rþ spectrum, and electronic and vibrational parameters were presented [1]. In 1959, Barrow et al. [2] reported rotational constants for the B 0þ and X 1 Rþ states of 107 Ag35 Cl. Krishner and Norris [3] recorded the J ¼3 2 and J ¼ 4 3 rotational transitions, and published improved ground state rotational constants and quadrupole coupling constants for all four isotopomers of AgCl in 1966. Additionally in 1966, Pearson and Gordy [4] recorded the millimeter and submillimeter spectrum observing rotational levels from J ¼ 14 through 50 for several vibrational levels with improved rotational parameters. In 1967, Barrow and Clements [5] reported electronic and rotational constants for 107 Ag35 Cl and 107 Ag37 Cl (using isotopically enriched 107 Ag) for several vibronic transitions observed in the B 0þ –X 1 Rþ spectrum. In 1992 and 1993, Gerry and coworkers [6,7] recorded additional pure rotational transitions for the isotopomers of AgCl. Quite recently, Guichemerre et al. [8] reported on the electronic structure of Cu, Ag, and Au monohalides based on high-level ab initio calculations on these molecules. Their results suggest that the AgCl B 0þ state corresponds to the 2 1 Rþ state [8]. Our work on the B–X electronic spectrum of AgCl includes improved molecular parameters for the B 0þ state of 107 Ag35 Cl and 107 Ag37 Cl, and presents the molecular parameters for 109 Ag35 Cl and 109 Ag37 Cl in the B 0þ state for the first time.
The excited AgCl molecules were produced in a microwave discharge, with approximately 2.0 Torr helium flowing over AgCl powder. A heat gun was aimed at the powder. The microwave power supply was operated with 70 W absorbed power. Once this was achieved a pink glow was visible in the cavity. The electronic spectrum was recorded by the Fourier transform spectrometer housed at the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Ten scans were co-added at a resolution of 0.05 cm1 . A UV quartz beam splitter and super blue silicon photodiodes limited the region to 8000–35 000 cm1 . The line positions were determined from the spectrum by a data-reduction program called Gremlin. Using the ground state parameters from Pearson and Gordy [4] and the excited state parameters from Clements and Barrow [5], we were able to predict and identify the P- and R-branch for 107 Ag35 Cl and the P-branch for 107 Ag37 Cl. Since the molecular parameters of the B 0þ state for the 107 Ag35 Cl and 107 Ag37 Cl isotopomers were consistent with the isotopic relationships
* Corresponding author. Fax: 1-618-650-3556. E-mail address: [email protected] (L.C. OÕBrien).
0022-2852/$ - see front matter Ó 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00180-2
Fig. 1. A portion of the B 0þ –X 1 Rþ band of AgCl showing several P-branch transitions. The isotopomers are identified by the hash marks.
136
Table 1 Observed line positions (in cm1 ) of the AgCl isotopomers 107
Ag35 Cl
109
P ðJ 00 Þ J 00
31556.133 31555.586 31555.034 31554.476 31553.919 31553.321 31552.734 31552.150 31551.525 31550.918 31550.287 31549.666 31549.022 31548.367 31547.703 31547.035 31546.351 31545.673 31544.959 31544.258 31543.540 31542.806 31542.075 31541.327 31540.576 31539.791 31539.034 31538.249 31537.455 31536.640 31535.829 31534.998
O)C
0.002 )0.002 )0.002 0.001 0.013 )0.006 )0.005 0.009 )0.010 )0.002 )0.008 0.005 0.004 0.001 )0.001 0.002 )0.002 0.010 )0.005 0.002 0.002 )0.004 0.002 0.000 0.005 )0.014 0.005 0.005 0.006 )0.004 0.000 )0.007
Obs
31568.413 31568.121 31567.820 31567.506 31567.186 31566.859 31566.518 31566.178 31565.817
107
P ðJ 00 Þ
RðJ 00 Þ
O)C
Obs
O)C
0.001 )0.001 )0.002 )0.006 )0.006 )0.003 )0.004 0.006 0.005
31561.630 31561.171 31560.713 31560.275 31559.806 31559.309 31558.831 31558.346 31557.843 31557.322 31556.801 31556.275 31555.733 31555.181 31554.603 31554.046 31553.471 31552.887 31552.296 31551.699 31551.088 31550.464 31549.829 31549.192 31548.534 31547.880 31547.219 31546.538 31545.864 31545.159 31544.455 31543.740 31543.013 31542.288 31541.537 31540.786 31540.022 31539.254 31538.469 31537.675 31536.877 31536.069 31535.241
0.008 )0.008 )0.015 0.008 0.008 )0.011 )0.002 0.008 0.010 0.002 0.003 0.009 0.006 0.003 )0.017 )0.007 )0.006 )0.005 )0.002 0.004 0.005 0.003 )0.002 0.001 )0.008 )0.004 0.002 )0.002 0.010 0.001 0.002 0.001 )0.002 0.006 )0.002 )0.001 )0.002 0.001 )0.002 )0.005 )0.002 0.001 )0.007
Obs
31568.513 31568.213 31567.906 31567.599 31567.285 31566.958 31566.617 31566.283 31565.930
Ag37 Cl
109
P ðJ 00 Þ
Ag37 Cl
P ðJ 00 Þ
O)C
Obs
O)C
Obs
O)C
0.010 )0.002 )0.010 )0.009 )0.005 )0.004 )0.006 0.008 0.013
31547.369 31546.661 31545.994 31545.299 31544.578 31543.937 31543.127 31542.442 31541.707 31540.986 31540.252 31539.478 31538.650 31537.915 31537.101
0.032 )0.006 0.006 0.000 )0.024 0.042 )0.053 )0.013 )0.014 0.008 0.027 0.015 )0.042 0.003 )0.021
31547.569 31546.875 31546.181 31545.500 31544.752 31544.138 31543.377 31542.669 31541.934 31541.200 31540.452 31539.682 31538.890 31538.142 31537.341
0.057 0.028 0.009 0.012 )0.044 0.044 )0.006 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.004 )0.009 )0.035 )0.007 )0.023
L.C. OÕBrien et al. / Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
Obs
RðJ 00 Þ
Ag35 Cl
137
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
31534.163 31533.322 31532.467 31531.616 31530.728 31529.850 31528.959 31528.047 31527.133 31526.205 31525.270 31524.329 31523.360
)0.007 )0.004 )0.005 0.009 )0.005 0.002 0.006 )0.001 0.000 )0.002 )0.001 0.004 )0.008
31565.450 31565.084 31564.669 31564.262
0.008 0.023 )0.001 )0.007
31534.417 31533.579 31532.718 31531.863 31530.988 31530.113 31529.222 31528.318 31527.414 31526.488 31525.547 31524.609 31523.651
0.000 0.002 )0.008 )0.003 )0.007 )0.001 )0.002 )0.005 0.003 )0.002 )0.011 )0.006 )0.012
31565.563 31565.182 31564.781 31564.388 31563.980 31563.566 31563.123 31562.678 31562.218 31561.757 31561.296 31560.819 31560.312
0.015 0.013 0.001 0.008 0.009 0.016 0.004 0.000 )0.008 )0.007 0.005 0.012 0.000
31536.326 31535.525 31534.697 31533.869 31533.041 31532.187 31531.466 31530.458 31529.576 31528.722 31527.807 31526.899 31525.991 31525.056 31524.122 31523.154 31522.185 31521.257 31520.283 31519.288 31518.300 31517.151
0.004 0.012 0.002 0.002 0.011 0.004 0.140 )0.001 )0.007 0.025 0.006 0.003 0.011 0.001 0.003 )0.019 )0.033 0.005 0.007 )0.002 0.007 )0.135
31536.567 31535.725 31534.924 31534.230 31533.375 31532.575 31531.693 31531.151 31530.037 31529.069 31528.168 31527.240 31526.298 31525.457 31524.442 31523.487 31522.539 31521.571 31520.616 31519.622 31518.614 31517.612
)0.003 )0.041 )0.028 0.101 0.078 0.121 0.091 0.410 0.168 0.081 0.071 0.044 0.013 0.093 0.009 )0.005 )0.002 )0.008 0.008 )0.004 )0.019 )0.019
L.C. OÕBrien et al. / Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138
Fig. 2. The AgCl R-branch band heads. The isotopomers of each band head are identified. Table 2 Molecular constants for the B 0þ state of AgCl isotopomers (cm1 ) Isotopomer
To
Bo
Do 108
107 Ag35 Cl Lit. Value (5) 109 Ag35 Cl 107 Ag37 Cl Lit. Value (5) 109 Ag37 Cl
31569.3505(67) 31569.30(2) 31569.4183(35) 31570.067(35) 31569.97(2) 31570.081(42)
0.1183613(43) 0.118390(6) 0.1178344(24) 0.113542(15) 0.11359(8) 0.113003(18)
9.049(61) 9.47(3) 9.057(37) 8.23(16) 9.06(7) 8.35(18)
Numbers in parentheses represent a 1r error estimate.
[9], these isotopic relationships were further used to predict and identify the P- and R-branch for 109 Ag35 Cl and the P-branch for 109 Ag37 Cl. A portion of AgCl spectrum that shows the P-branch for the four isotopomers is given in Fig. 1. The identified ro-electronic transitions, given in Table 1, were included in a nonlinear least squares fitting program to determine the molecular parameters of the B 0þ state for the four isotopomers, using fixed ground state parameters from Pearson and Gordy [4]. The standard polynomial expression for the energy levels of a 1 Rþ state was used [8]. Since the 109 Ag37 Cl data included only the P-branch lines, the molecular constants determined by the fit were used to predict the location of the R-branch bandhead, which was consistent with the location of the bandhead observed in the spectrum (see Fig. 2). The molecular parameters for the B 0þ state are reported in Table 2 and compared with literature values [5]. Since the isotopic relationships [9] were used to predict the excited state energy levels for the 109 Ag35 Cl and 109 Ag37 Cl isotopomers to predict the P- and R-branch transitions, it should come as no surprise that the final fitted molecular parameters for the B 0þ state for all four isotopomers are consistent with the isotopic relationships.
Acknowledgments The National Solar Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,
138
L.C. OÕBrien et al. / Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 221 (2003) 135–138
under contract with the National Science Foundation. We thank Mike Dulick and Detrick Branston for expert technical assistance in recording the spectra. Acknowledgment is made to the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this work. Acknowledgment is made to the National Science Foundation, through Grant NSF-CHE-0213363, for partial support for this work.
References [1] B.A. Brice, The band spectrum of silver chloride, Phys. Rev. 35 (1930) 960–972. [2] R.F. Barrow, E. Morgan, C.V. Wright, Internuclear distances in gaseous silver halides, Proc. Chem. Soc. (1959) 303–304.
[3] L.C. Krishner, W.G. Norris, Microwave spectrum of silver chloride, J. Chem. Phys. 44 (1966) 391–394. [4] E. Pearson, W. Gordy, Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectra and molecular constants of silver chloride, Phys. Rev. 152 (1966) 43–45. [5] R.M. Clements, R.F. Barrow, Rotational analysis of bands of the B–X system of gaseous AgCl, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63 (1967) 2876– 2878. [6] C. Styger, M.C.L. Gerry, Pure rotational transitions of silver chloride prepared in an electric discharge, observed with a cavity microwave Fourier-transform spectrometer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 188 (1992) 213–216. [7] K.D. Hensel, C. Styger, W. Jager, A.J. Merer, M.C.L. Gerry, Microwave spectra of metal chlorides produced using laser ablation, J. Chem. Phys. 99 (1993) 3320–3328. [8] M. Guichemerre, G. Chambaud, H. Stoll, Electronic structure and spectroscopy of monohalides of metals of group I-B, Chem. Phys. 280 (2002) 71–102. [9] G. Herzberg, Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, Krieger, Malabar, FL, 1950.