THE CARNEGIE TRUST.

1697 relative difficulties which beset education and those who We may desire to make it thorough and effective. the fairly say that in respect of costliness of apparatus the education of the medical practitioner stands almost alone. In the preparation for other professions there are charges for lectures and tuition, and fees are paid for the privilege of observing the work of others. In the case of other professions as well as of medicine, books, sometimes expensive "Ne quid nimis." books, form part of the necessary equipment of the student, but the costly instruments, the microscopes, the subjects of THE CARNEGIE TRUST. dissection and experiment, the whole apparatus of chemical THE particulars of the trust-deed and constitution whereby research, can hardly be said to have a parallel in the Mr. Carnegie proposes to secure the benefits of his munifithe would-be clergyman or lawyer, of career of early cence to the Universities of Scotland and their students havethe business man, or the soldier. In the case of these The scheme as thus formulated has now been made public. others, moreover, the intelligence of the student may two features which rivet attention and which commend it to sometimes enable him to dispense with aids which are us at least as strongly as does the list of carefully selected necessary to his colleagues, and thus to educate himself at men of mark who are to be responsible for safeguarding and less expense. But the student of science differs from these. administering the revenues placed at their disposal. In the The further he goes the further his ambition calls him, and - Srst place the executive committee, consisting of nine the greater his intelligence the wider, and in consequence of the trustees, is to have a free hand-that is to the more costly, becomes the field of his researches. The say, it is to deal with the income of the trust atgift which we are discussing will mark an epoch in the eduits own discretion, expending its moneys as it may think cational history of Scotland, a country in which education best so long as it keeps in view the main objects of the has ever been held in high honour and esteem, but we have founder’s munificence. The circumstances and require- little doubt that it will be those who in future years are ments of educational life undergo constant changes. preparing themselves for the practice of the medical proDevelopments may occur at any time in the near or distantfession and for other scientific pursuits who will have best future which the most far-seeing and studious observer ofreason to recall with gratitude the name of Mr. Carnegie. the present day could not by any means in his power In America, where that gentleman has amassed his wealth, forecast, so that to have tied the hands of the trusteesthe endowment of educational centres on a colossal scale of Mr. Carnegie’s millions by accurately prescribingand other large-minded schemes for the public welfare have their duties to-day might have fatally interfered far more frequently than with us afforded the means by with the usefulness of their successors, who, as which successful men of business have sought to commatters stand, will be able to adapt their measures memorate their fame and to show their gratitude to the to the educational needs of future generations without Providence which has favoured them. - If the example of hindrance and without appeal to courts of law or other Mr. Carnegie is followed in these islands he may have done supervising tribunals. It would be easy to point to instances more than benefit the Universities of Scotland ; he may have at our older public schools or in our universities of the gift originated a movement with far-reaching results, and have of the donor who has tried strictly to limit its application, instituted a practice by which our great universities and with the result that it has for long benefited no person or many other institutions of national importance may be glad object in the manner which the giver intended, and to profit. The names which they commemorate on the that in the end the fund has attracted the attention of occasions prescribed for the praise of departed benefactors the Charity Commissioners who have had to devise or to usually belong to periods of more or less remote antiquity, sanction new objects of expenditure entirely remote from certainly to dates when wealth was less common anrl less anything that the founder knew of or desired. The vast than it is now. objects to which Mr. Carnegie’s trust are to be devoted are divided into two general classes, so that one-half A DAY IN THE COUNTRY. of the net annual income is to be applied towards the improvement and expansion of the Universities of THIS is the time of year when appeals are made to the Scotland in the faculties of science and medicine, also for public charity for money with which to give London improving and extending the opportunities for scientific children " a day in the country." The question is raised study and research and for increasing the facilities for whether such a day does not bring harm rather than good, acquiring a knowledge of history, economics, English crowded as it is with the excitement and the strain of literature, and modern languages, and such other subjects compressing as much experience as possible into the sixteen cognate to a technical or commercial education as can be or so available hours. The Rev. S. A. Barnett, writing from brought within the scope of the university curriculum, by Toynbee Hall on this subject, believes that in these the erection of buildings, laboratories, class rooms, museums children’s treats is laid the foundation of a system of or libraries, the providing of efficient apparatus, books, "days offfor workmen which is anything but beneficial and equipment, the institution and endowment of to those for whom such holidays are the only ones at professorships and lectureships, and by similar measures present available. If there were fewer single holidays which we need not give in detail ; while the other half of the and the workman could have every year a fortnight’s conincome, or such part of it as may in each year be found secutive freedom from work and from town he would, in Mr. requisite, is to be used for the purpose of defraying the Barnett’s opinion, lose the idea that excitement is the only educational fees of students of Scottish birth, within possible form of pleasure. Whether a difference in the limitations given, a disposition for which the early announce- arrangement of his holidays could effect such a difference in ment of Mr. Carnegie’s intentions had prepared us. The the bent of the workman’s mind is open to doubt, but all prominence given above to science and medicine, and must agree that the day’s holiday, whether for men or for to the providing of opportunities for scientific and medi- children, might be better spent than in the crowded trains, cal study shows how closely Mr. Carnegie and those the rush, the scrambling feeding, and the bustling who may have advised him have studied the subject excitement of the" excursion"or the " school-treat which they had to deal with and appreciated the with which we are familiar. In the case of children

glad to add, so usual, part of the consultant and the general practitioner.

which is

so

desirable, and,

we are

on

Annotations.

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