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The centenary of the ⪡Annales de l'institut pasteur⪢
An.,7. Mst. Pasteur/MicrobioL
@ ELSEVIER
Paris
!988
1988, 139, 5-8
f i l E CENTENARY OF T H E <
A. Ryter DOpartement de Biologie moldculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15
The first issue of the Annales de l'Institut Pasteur appeared in 1887. This journal was created by Emile Duclaux, then head of the Institute, and the issue began with a letter from Louis Pasteur to Duclaux which began as follows : ~ Quite often, during our conversations in the labormor~', we have regretted r~ot having at our disposal a means of pubiicizing our work which is rc ore akin to our needs and less solemn than the reports published by the Academy of Sciences. As a result, we have not brought to light man:~ +'acts and observations which merited attention, and we have not bothered to answer criticisms which could have been easily refuted. )> The above statement by Pasteur suggested that the Annales were destined to be essentiMly Pastorian in nat::rc. But in reality, and right from the very beginning, they contained a number of articles from both French and foreign scientists; indeed, both Metehnikoff, who was at that time working in Russia, and Gamateia published important papers in the first issue. What is indeed remarkable is that the topics covered at that time already involved the different fields which are still currently being investigated at the Institute: 1) bacteriology, relating to the study of tuberculosis and anthrax bacilli and anaerobic bacteria; 2) virology, including the transmission of the rabies virus in maternal milk and from mother to foetus; 3) humoral and cellular immunology, dealing respectively witn rabies vaccination and phagocytosis by leukocytes (termed microohages) and macrophages; Metchnikoff had already indicated that certain pathogenic bacteria were not phagocytized as efficiently as non-pathogenic bacteria; 4) an article on pathogenic fungi; 5) parasitology, which was dealt with in an article an malarial haematozoa published by Laveran, who was working at Val de Grace hospital at that time.
Several pages of the Anna!es were devoted to a - minireview >>containing critical arialyses of recently pubi2shed articles. Such reviews, which were to be published for nearly 14 years, are quite remarkable, in that their lively, pointed discussion of up-to-date subjects bears a resemblance to the Forums which have recently been introduced in the Annales, though the latter are more comprehensive due to the participation of several authors. Over the next 10 :years, the areas of study became ever more diversified. The number of bacterial species investigated continued to expand ; the study of preservation and contamination of food and water was undertaken, as was the use of antiseptics. Questions began to arise as to the efficiency of vaccination and the mechanisms of immunity. Begim2ng in i945, ba,.'.zrial physiology and growth began to be seriously investigated. An article by Jacques Monod which appeared in that year concerning enzymatic adaptad,.,, in Eschelichia co# was the first step leading to the understanding of alioste~y and gene regulation and, with the arrival of Francois Jacob at the Pasteur Institu*e in the 1950 s, to the replicon model. From 1973 on, under the impact of growing specialization in the diverse fields, the Annales were divided into three separate publications, Microbiology, Virology and Immunology. The modernization process has continued with more and more articles being published in English, thus rendering the journals more accessible to an English-speaking public and referees. The format has also evolved, with changes in the cover and layout, better figure reproduction, etc., ali of this facilitated by taking on a new printer and a new publisher (Elsevier). Finally, special mention should be made of the contribution of the Secretary General, and his staff whc are in charge ,¢ d ~sk editing of the manuscripts and who work in clese collaboration with authors, refer~ :~ and the printer to ensure the smooth running of the departing. ~t
LE C E N T E N A I R E DES ANNALES DE UINSTITU'I PAS'I'EUR
Le premier num6ro des Annales de l'institut Pasteur a vu le jour en 1887. Ce p6riodique a 6t4 cr66 sous l'instigation de Monsieor Duclaux, ators I)irecteur de l'Institut Pasteur, et le premie~ num6;o d6bute par une lettre de Louis Pasteur ',i Emile Duclaux dont voicJ la premi6re phrase: ~Bien souvent, darts les conversations du laboratoire, nous avons regrettO de ne pas avoir gt notre disposition un recueit d'une publicitO plus intime et moins solennelle que celle des Comptes-Rendus de l'AcadOmie des Sciences. ~ous avons soit laissd clans l'omhre des fairs et des observations qui mdritaient de voir le jour, soit nFgligd de r4pondre gt des critiques factles dt rOfuter. ~> Ce texte de Pasteur fa!: croire que les Annales vont ~tre an journal essentiellement pastorien. En r6a!it6, d6s le premier num6ro, elles contiennent de nombreux articles de provenance ext6rieure ~ l'Institut Pasteur, d'origine fran~aise et m6me 6trang6re puisque Metchnikoff, qui travaillait alors encore en Russie /~ cette 6poque, et Gamaleia publient tous deux des articles importants. Ce qui frappe sm tout, c'est que les sujets trait6s appartiennem dEjfl aux differentes disciplines Etudi6es actuellement ~ i'Institut Pasteur: ~) la Dact6riologie portant sur l'6tude des bacilles de la tubcrculose et du charbon et de bact6ries ana6robies; 2) la virologie concernant la transmission du virus Oe la rage par le lair ou de la m,Sre au foetus; 3) l'immunologie humorale et cel!ulaire traitant respecfivement fie la vaccination de la rage et de ia phagocytc~se par les leucocTte~ (appei6s mi:~ ophag¢:~ et les macrophages; Metchnikoff signale d6jfl que ce~ai~es bactdries p : n o f ' n e s sont beaucoup moins bien phagocyt6es qu~ des bactEries non pathogbnes ; 4) un article traitant des champignons pathog4nes; 5) la parasitologie enfin, abord4e clans un article sur l'h6matozoaire du pa!udisme publi4 par Laveran qui,/i cette 6poque, travaillait au Val de Grfice. Que!ques pages sont consacr6es/t une petite ~ revue >~contenant des analyses critiques sur des articles r6cemment pubiies. Ces sortes de revues qui vont ~tre publi6es pendant pr+s de i4 ans sont tout/~ fait int6ressantes. Par l'actualit~ du sujet et l'esprit critique, elles pr6sentent une certaine analogie avec les f o r u m s r6cemment introduits clans les Annales, bien que ceux-ci soient plus 6toff~s puisque piusieurs auteurs y apportent leur contribt~tion.
8 Au cours des dix a~indes suivantes, les sujets vont se diversifier. Le hombre d'especes bact6riennes 6tudides va en augmentant. On volt apparaTtre l'd~ude de conservation et de contamination de la nourriture et de i'eau ainsi que l'utilisation d'antiseptiques. En ce qui concerne les vaccins, on s'interroge de plus en plus sur le pouvoir vaccinant et sur le m6canisme de l'immunit6. C'est aprb.s 1945 que l'6tude de la physiologie cat de la croissance bact6riennes va raellement etre abord6e. Un article de Jacques Monod, paru en ! 945 et portant sur l'adaptation enzymatique chez Escherichia coil, est le premier jalon qui m+nera ~ l'allost~rie et ~t la r6gulation du g~ne et, grime ~ l'arriv6e de Frangois Jacob h I'Institut Pasteur dans les ann6es 50, au mod6le du replicon. Dbs 1973, sous la pouss6e de la sp~cialisation accrue de chaque discipline, les AnnaIes de l'Institut Pasteur vont se scinder en p~riodiq'~es de Microbiologie, de Virologie et d'Immunologie. La modernisation des Annales se poursuivra par la multiplication d'articles r6diges en anglais, ce qui rendra ces journaux plus accessible au monde anglo-saxon, tant pour la lecture des articles que pour leur r~daction. Enfin, la modernisation des Annales s'est 6galement 6tendue ~ la pr6sentation des fascicules (couverture, mise en page, iconographie) gr~,ce ~t un nouvel imprimeur et/~ une 6dition nouvelle (par Elsevier) et surtout "a ta comp6tence et au d6vouement 6prouv6s du Secr6taire g6n6ral et de ses coltaboratrices qui assurent notamment la mise en forme r~dactionnetle des manuscrits, en articulation avec les auteurs et les critiques et enfin l'imprimeur. Antoinette Ryter
@ ELSEVIER
Paris
!988
1988, 139, 5-8
f i l E CENTENARY OF T H E <
A. Ryter DOpartement de Biologie moldculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15
The first issue of the Annales de l'Institut Pasteur appeared in 1887. This journal was created by Emile Duclaux, then head of the Institute, and the issue began with a letter from Louis Pasteur to Duclaux which began as follows : ~ Quite often, during our conversations in the labormor~', we have regretted r~ot having at our disposal a means of pubiicizing our work which is rc ore akin to our needs and less solemn than the reports published by the Academy of Sciences. As a result, we have not brought to light man:~ +'acts and observations which merited attention, and we have not bothered to answer criticisms which could have been easily refuted. )> The above statement by Pasteur suggested that the Annales were destined to be essentiMly Pastorian in nat::rc. But in reality, and right from the very beginning, they contained a number of articles from both French and foreign scientists; indeed, both Metehnikoff, who was at that time working in Russia, and Gamateia published important papers in the first issue. What is indeed remarkable is that the topics covered at that time already involved the different fields which are still currently being investigated at the Institute: 1) bacteriology, relating to the study of tuberculosis and anthrax bacilli and anaerobic bacteria; 2) virology, including the transmission of the rabies virus in maternal milk and from mother to foetus; 3) humoral and cellular immunology, dealing respectively witn rabies vaccination and phagocytosis by leukocytes (termed microohages) and macrophages; Metchnikoff had already indicated that certain pathogenic bacteria were not phagocytized as efficiently as non-pathogenic bacteria; 4) an article on pathogenic fungi; 5) parasitology, which was dealt with in an article an malarial haematozoa published by Laveran, who was working at Val de Grace hospital at that time.
Several pages of the Anna!es were devoted to a - minireview >>containing critical arialyses of recently pubi2shed articles. Such reviews, which were to be published for nearly 14 years, are quite remarkable, in that their lively, pointed discussion of up-to-date subjects bears a resemblance to the Forums which have recently been introduced in the Annales, though the latter are more comprehensive due to the participation of several authors. Over the next 10 :years, the areas of study became ever more diversified. The number of bacterial species investigated continued to expand ; the study of preservation and contamination of food and water was undertaken, as was the use of antiseptics. Questions began to arise as to the efficiency of vaccination and the mechanisms of immunity. Begim2ng in i945, ba,.'.zrial physiology and growth began to be seriously investigated. An article by Jacques Monod which appeared in that year concerning enzymatic adaptad,.,, in Eschelichia co# was the first step leading to the understanding of alioste~y and gene regulation and, with the arrival of Francois Jacob at the Pasteur Institu*e in the 1950 s, to the replicon model. From 1973 on, under the impact of growing specialization in the diverse fields, the Annales were divided into three separate publications, Microbiology, Virology and Immunology. The modernization process has continued with more and more articles being published in English, thus rendering the journals more accessible to an English-speaking public and referees. The format has also evolved, with changes in the cover and layout, better figure reproduction, etc., ali of this facilitated by taking on a new printer and a new publisher (Elsevier). Finally, special mention should be made of the contribution of the Secretary General, and his staff whc are in charge ,¢ d ~sk editing of the manuscripts and who work in clese collaboration with authors, refer~ :~ and the printer to ensure the smooth running of the departing. ~t
LE C E N T E N A I R E DES ANNALES DE UINSTITU'I PAS'I'EUR
Le premier num6ro des Annales de l'institut Pasteur a vu le jour en 1887. Ce p6riodique a 6t4 cr66 sous l'instigation de Monsieor Duclaux, ators I)irecteur de l'Institut Pasteur, et le premie~ num6;o d6bute par une lettre de Louis Pasteur ',i Emile Duclaux dont voicJ la premi6re phrase: ~Bien souvent, darts les conversations du laboratoire, nous avons regrettO de ne pas avoir gt notre disposition un recueit d'une publicitO plus intime et moins solennelle que celle des Comptes-Rendus de l'AcadOmie des Sciences. ~ous avons soit laissd clans l'omhre des fairs et des observations qui mdritaient de voir le jour, soit nFgligd de r4pondre gt des critiques factles dt rOfuter. ~> Ce texte de Pasteur fa!: croire que les Annales vont ~tre an journal essentiellement pastorien. En r6a!it6, d6s le premier num6ro, elles contiennent de nombreux articles de provenance ext6rieure ~ l'Institut Pasteur, d'origine fran~aise et m6me 6trang6re puisque Metchnikoff, qui travaillait alors encore en Russie /~ cette 6poque, et Gamaleia publient tous deux des articles importants. Ce qui frappe sm tout, c'est que les sujets trait6s appartiennem dEjfl aux differentes disciplines Etudi6es actuellement ~ i'Institut Pasteur: ~) la Dact6riologie portant sur l'6tude des bacilles de la tubcrculose et du charbon et de bact6ries ana6robies; 2) la virologie concernant la transmission du virus Oe la rage par le lair ou de la m,Sre au foetus; 3) l'immunologie humorale et cel!ulaire traitant respecfivement fie la vaccination de la rage et de ia phagocytc~se par les leucocTte~ (appei6s mi:~ ophag¢:~ et les macrophages; Metchnikoff signale d6jfl que ce~ai~es bactdries p : n o f ' n e s sont beaucoup moins bien phagocyt6es qu~ des bactEries non pathogbnes ; 4) un article traitant des champignons pathog4nes; 5) la parasitologie enfin, abord4e clans un article sur l'h6matozoaire du pa!udisme publi4 par Laveran qui,/i cette 6poque, travaillait au Val de Grfice. Que!ques pages sont consacr6es/t une petite ~ revue >~contenant des analyses critiques sur des articles r6cemment pubiies. Ces sortes de revues qui vont ~tre publi6es pendant pr+s de i4 ans sont tout/~ fait int6ressantes. Par l'actualit~ du sujet et l'esprit critique, elles pr6sentent une certaine analogie avec les f o r u m s r6cemment introduits clans les Annales, bien que ceux-ci soient plus 6toff~s puisque piusieurs auteurs y apportent leur contribt~tion.
8 Au cours des dix a~indes suivantes, les sujets vont se diversifier. Le hombre d'especes bact6riennes 6tudides va en augmentant. On volt apparaTtre l'd~ude de conservation et de contamination de la nourriture et de i'eau ainsi que l'utilisation d'antiseptiques. En ce qui concerne les vaccins, on s'interroge de plus en plus sur le pouvoir vaccinant et sur le m6canisme de l'immunit6. C'est aprb.s 1945 que l'6tude de la physiologie cat de la croissance bact6riennes va raellement etre abord6e. Un article de Jacques Monod, paru en ! 945 et portant sur l'adaptation enzymatique chez Escherichia coil, est le premier jalon qui m+nera ~ l'allost~rie et ~t la r6gulation du g~ne et, grime ~ l'arriv6e de Frangois Jacob h I'Institut Pasteur dans les ann6es 50, au mod6le du replicon. Dbs 1973, sous la pouss6e de la sp~cialisation accrue de chaque discipline, les AnnaIes de l'Institut Pasteur vont se scinder en p~riodiq'~es de Microbiologie, de Virologie et d'Immunologie. La modernisation des Annales se poursuivra par la multiplication d'articles r6diges en anglais, ce qui rendra ces journaux plus accessible au monde anglo-saxon, tant pour la lecture des articles que pour leur r~daction. Enfin, la modernisation des Annales s'est 6galement 6tendue ~ la pr6sentation des fascicules (couverture, mise en page, iconographie) gr~,ce ~t un nouvel imprimeur et/~ une 6dition nouvelle (par Elsevier) et surtout "a ta comp6tence et au d6vouement 6prouv6s du Secr6taire g6n6ral et de ses coltaboratrices qui assurent notamment la mise en forme r~dactionnetle des manuscrits, en articulation avec les auteurs et les critiques et enfin l'imprimeur. Antoinette Ryter