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The commercialization of expert systems and neural networks
literature AI research Honda, N et al. 'Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Japan' Telematics & Informatics Vol 5 No 1 (1988) pp 39-52 Presents a comprehensive report on recent research and development of AI in Japan, focusing specifically on industrial applications. Three industrial fields are introduced: expert systems, machine translation and applications of fuzzy set theory. Problems for future research are outlined. lshii, K et al. 'Expert systems in Japan' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 69-74 Reveals an interesting trend in Japanese expert systems under construction - - that many address design and productivity as opposed to the diagnosis and cost-saving approach dominating American expert systems. Media activity in AI in Japan has increased at the same pace as AI activity in that country has increased, and even more interest should be generated in the subject over the next few years.
Applications Brazile, R P et al. 'GATES: an airline gate assignment and tracking expert system' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 33-39 Describes GATES, an expert system that assigns gates to arriving and departing flights at New York's John F Kennedy International Airport. The system was developed for a PC, using an approach which is extensible to various engineering and industrial problems where limited resources and weakly defined constraints exist, and in which scheduling must occur. Heuer, S et al. 'INVEST: an expert system for 254
financial investments' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 60-68 Invest is an expert system develol~ed to help make financial decisions./The paper describes the inference n~echanism underlying Invest, and briefly outlines a consultation scenario. It also outlines frame watching and other techniques of Donald, the expert system shell specially developed for this application. Rao, P R et aL 'Knowledge representation and control in computer vision systems' IEEE Expert Vol 3 No 1 (Spring 1988) pp 64-79 Analyses the role of knowledge and control in working computer vision systems. Compares knowledge representation schemes of formal logic, semantic nets, production systems and frames with respect to procedural and descriptive capability. Wee, W G et aL 'A knowledge-based planning system for mechanical assembly using robots' IEEE Expert Vol 3 No 1 (Spring 1988)pp 18-30 Presents a system using AI techniques coupled with computer aided design to generate automated mechanical assembly plans. Addresses problems of planning and mechanical assembly, describes system knowledge types and examines control structure.
Decision support
Jones, R 'Making DSS headway' Business Softw. Rev. Vol 4 No 3 (May 1988) pp 38-39 Interest in DSS is based on the premise that the primary mission of all computer departments is to support the decision making processes performed by a wide range of corporate personnel. The article focuses on the use and abuse of DSSs in business.
Expert systems Eliot, L B 'The commercialization of expert systems and neural networks' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 10-11 Concentrates on the trend towards integrating expert systems and neural networks with other computing technologies, the debate over standardization in youthful technologies, and potential legal liabilities as expert systems and neural networks become mass marketed. Fiamant, B et aL 'Intelligence service: a tool for building expert systems' Electrical Communic. Vol 61 No 4 (1987) pp 417-421 Early expert systems were primarily developed for research. Today, the advent of expert system shells such as Intelligence Service makes it possible to develop a wide range of expert system applications in a short time without the need for lengthy programming experience.
Dhar, V et al. 'Knowledge-based decision suport in business: issues and solutions' IEEE Expert Vol 3 No 1 (Spring 1988) pp 53-62
Laurent, J-P 'Types of control structure in expert systems' Know. Eng. Rev. Vol 2 No 2 (June 1987) pp 123-125
Describes an implemented expert system supporting the maintenance of evolving symbolic models and the spreadsheet-like algebraic models based on them. Details expert knowledge, expert systems and their varying uses.
Considers the use of a knowledge base regardless of the nature of the objects it contains and how they are represented. Details the operating mechanism, state and transition selection and implementation problems. Knowledge-Based Systems
Applications Brazile, R P et al. 'GATES: an airline gate assignment and tracking expert system' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 33-39 Describes GATES, an expert system that assigns gates to arriving and departing flights at New York's John F Kennedy International Airport. The system was developed for a PC, using an approach which is extensible to various engineering and industrial problems where limited resources and weakly defined constraints exist, and in which scheduling must occur. Heuer, S et al. 'INVEST: an expert system for 254
financial investments' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 60-68 Invest is an expert system develol~ed to help make financial decisions./The paper describes the inference n~echanism underlying Invest, and briefly outlines a consultation scenario. It also outlines frame watching and other techniques of Donald, the expert system shell specially developed for this application. Rao, P R et aL 'Knowledge representation and control in computer vision systems' IEEE Expert Vol 3 No 1 (Spring 1988) pp 64-79 Analyses the role of knowledge and control in working computer vision systems. Compares knowledge representation schemes of formal logic, semantic nets, production systems and frames with respect to procedural and descriptive capability. Wee, W G et aL 'A knowledge-based planning system for mechanical assembly using robots' IEEE Expert Vol 3 No 1 (Spring 1988)pp 18-30 Presents a system using AI techniques coupled with computer aided design to generate automated mechanical assembly plans. Addresses problems of planning and mechanical assembly, describes system knowledge types and examines control structure.
Decision support
Jones, R 'Making DSS headway' Business Softw. Rev. Vol 4 No 3 (May 1988) pp 38-39 Interest in DSS is based on the premise that the primary mission of all computer departments is to support the decision making processes performed by a wide range of corporate personnel. The article focuses on the use and abuse of DSSs in business.
Expert systems Eliot, L B 'The commercialization of expert systems and neural networks' AI Magazine Vol 3 No 2 (Summer 1988) pp 10-11 Concentrates on the trend towards integrating expert systems and neural networks with other computing technologies, the debate over standardization in youthful technologies, and potential legal liabilities as expert systems and neural networks become mass marketed. Fiamant, B et aL 'Intelligence service: a tool for building expert systems' Electrical Communic. Vol 61 No 4 (1987) pp 417-421 Early expert systems were primarily developed for research. Today, the advent of expert system shells such as Intelligence Service makes it possible to develop a wide range of expert system applications in a short time without the need for lengthy programming experience.
Dhar, V et al. 'Knowledge-based decision suport in business: issues and solutions' IEEE Expert Vol 3 No 1 (Spring 1988) pp 53-62
Laurent, J-P 'Types of control structure in expert systems' Know. Eng. Rev. Vol 2 No 2 (June 1987) pp 123-125
Describes an implemented expert system supporting the maintenance of evolving symbolic models and the spreadsheet-like algebraic models based on them. Details expert knowledge, expert systems and their varying uses.
Considers the use of a knowledge base regardless of the nature of the objects it contains and how they are represented. Details the operating mechanism, state and transition selection and implementation problems. Knowledge-Based Systems