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The drawing school
472
~))'awi)~.(! ,~ckool.
[Jom'. Frank. Inst.,
T H E D I / A W I N G S( ?l lOt )l,. The closing exercises of the Drawing School were held ,m Thursday evening, May lSth, at the Hall of the Institute, in the presen(,v of an interested audience of" members, }mpils and their fl'iends. The excr(dses consisted of the exhibition of the work of ll~e 1)upil~, the rcadi.,a' of tim Repor~ ,,f the Principal of the School "rod a mm~her of a(hh'(~sses appropriate to tile oe(,asion. Mr. \Vm. P. Tat]ram, the President of" the lnstilute, ()t)cn(!d dm exercise> by stating lli(; ol~je(.'tof the ,ne(.ting. He alluded to th(e >,,1Mtude with which the Institute had always tbstered and en(~ouraged the art of drawing, by maintaining its drawing seh,)ol uninterruptedly for a long peri,)d of vears~ and expressed his great gratification at the ex(:e.llent eharaeter of tile work of the pupils, which was the best evidence of the thoroughlmsS of the instruction the pupils were receiving, and of the eompetenev of the instructors. The Secretary then read the fifllowing report of Mr. William H. Thorne, the Direeeor of the School.
Re,port of t]., Director of the DrawS~g £~chool of t].'~ Frankli~ I~>.tit.t~ qf ]~en~sylca~ffa, ft." the Seaso~ of 13,~'1 (oM l&~'2. Notwithstanding that the present organization of the School was tbrmed in t)ctober, 1881~ with a system of instruction to determine upon and the material to provide to cart v it out, with -m entirely new set of students t,, organize and divide into classes aee.ording to their knowledge and capacities, and to furnish with the necessary materials and apparatus, and with the class-rooms to rearrange and accommodations to provide t}~r the unexpected number of applicants; the results are gratit~ving. The main feature of the School has been tile teaching of such drawing as would be use%l ill the workshop and applieable to construedon as well as to ornamentation, and thus a large part of the instruction ha.s been devoted to the geometrical principles of dr'~wing, but the demonstration and application of these l)rineiples have always been made to ( . mibrm with the practice of our best engineers and architects, while proper manipulation and correct teehnlealities have been rigidly cntbree(l; so that the student would learn how to properly use his hands and his instruments, how to give clearness and beauty to his work, and at the .-:ame time obtain a k,~owh~'dgc of geometrical fi~rms
June, I882.]
]))'aWt))g S~'~hool.
473
and their l)rojections, intersections an(] developments, and finally, learn to make w~)rking drawings of machine or architectural constructions. In this course, the use of copies has been ahnost entirely avoided, tile student being required to make his (h'awin~'s accurately to scale, either from free-hand sketches, or from the drawing on the blacl(board by the preceptor, who spends part of his time there and p'/rt with the student in giving individual instruction an(1 criticism. Importance is attached to tl,e free-hand sketches . f the student, and the value (-)f this accomplishment is ahvays kept in view. The class of exclusively free-h'md drawing has 1leon ~mall, but tile progress has 1)con very satisfactory. The School is divided into: A Junior Class, raider Mr. Carl Barth, who teaches the use and care of instruments, graphical l)lane geometry, including the conic sections and spirals, and simple projections. An Intermediate Class, under 3[r. Victor Angcrer, who teaches projeeti~,ns, intersections and developments, and elementary descriptive geometry, using the third angle exclusively and avoiding the use ()f the gromld line of the text books, except where neecssary, and then emt)hasizing the fact that it is not used in working drawings. He alternates the making of working drawings of simple derails with tl~is th(,oretieal teaching. A Senior Mechanical (!lass, which I tea('h persolmlly, adwmeing fm'ther into deserilltive geometry, t(~gether with gearing and shapes and prop()rtions ~)f teeth, making diagrams ()f meeh:mieal movements, drawing to s('alc, nmrking dimensions in a 1)roller manner, erosshat('hin,£, coloring, shade lining and all the c(,nventi(malities . f good draughting. During the last ternl this class made compl(,te working drawings of a h.rizontal (,ngmc,'" in which they. took great interest, smuch so that each .~eas(,n I shall take some standard machine as a ~tndv for the ('lass. An Ar('hitcctural Class, under Mr. "Win. L. l'rire, wl,, l,ra(,tically applies the principles taught in the Jm/ior and Intermc(liate (:lasses to the making of architectural drawings. Mr. Price also tea(,hes thc Free-hand Class. I)uring the winter term ()f the sea,-()n there were 120 st,,(l.nts, divi(l(!(l between the Jm~ior, intt,rme(liate and Seni(,r ~[cchani(.al Classes, 20 in the Ar('hitectural Class and 2~{ in the Free-hand ('lass, making a t(~tal of 1~;~;. During the spring term there w e r e 971 students (livid(,d [)(,t\voell I]1~,
474
Dra,:i,j ,Fchoo{.
[./our. l,'nuik. InsL,
,Junior, Intermediate aml Senior M(,Hmnical Cla~.~o.~, 17 in tlw ArHfitectur'd and 11 in the Free-hand ('la~.~c~, making' a t(~tal ~d" 123. The atteu(lan(x, has been tidy, alth()uvh the 1)vopovtion ~,t' al)sentc(,s was kTeater than w()uhI ])e expected. Th(, dis('iplim' ha~ i)(!cn g(..1 aud ill(' int(,ve,~l ~,f the ~t,.ld(,n:, in their w(wk lm~ kel)r up vemarkal)lv will. S(.nie little tv()ul)le ha~ I)o('n eXl~eri('l.'(!d t'r(m~ the ind('l)('n(tent .~pivir (~f Am(,ri(.an y~.lh~, who (,ecasi.nallv (littl,r from their 1)rec(,ptors as t~)th(, adal)tati~)n ~d' oertain exer('ise,~ to t h e i r - w n p:u'ti(.ul:w requiv(qnent,~. Anoth(,r thr(~at(~u(,d trouI)l(~ has I)e(,n a too lar,/e ('()nizr(~ati~)n . f stmh~lm- in the lfilwarv. I wo.hl ,-uv~csr tlw withdrtlw'd ,,I" th( privih,g(~ of the Library on 5oho.1 evenings. Twelve Free Sehol:w,~hil),~ t'r.m the 13. H. Bart()l Fund have l)e('n :it ()ur di,-l)osal durin,,g the season, nin(, . f which were awar(h!d at the end . f the Spring Term, and the remaining thr(~c are now awarded, with th(~ aplwoval of tile Board of Mmmgers, to the following studenls fi,r tlieir regularity in :lttendan(.(% industry and intere.-:t in their studics~ and the progress shown by their w()rk, namely, to Joseph Leibs(~h, ()f the Free Hand (['lass, and t() Fred. Schroed(~ ~ and .Martin Marshall, of the ,Junior (_!lass, who, on ap1)lieati()n to (1~(. A('tuarv of tl~e Institute at the beginning of the next term, ()(qoh('r 2(1, will v(~('('iv(, their tiekc!ts. The /blloxving students des(q've h(m(n'al)le mention tbr their regulai'ity, indtL~trv mid provress
:
(-!I,AS,%
Willis tI. Groat, Chas. S. Krebs, H. Fr'mk Lennig, Joseph Weiss, (7onrad Shaul, Reinhold E. Ku(!hln, W. P. Dallett,
J. V. Hamilton, A. M. Itahn, G. W. Bradley, \V. ,I. Bradley, R. W. Ferguson, G. Whitaker, .John l'. Casey.
]NTERMEDTATE (~LA~.
A. IL ]lidgo]y, d. F. Braun, |L W. Champlain, Rudolph Boerieke, Thos. M. Na,ds, Jr.,
Geo. D. Holt, (!has. S. Butz, John Fauser, J. M(!Coy, (qavk Dill.
t)J'oecc({ili[l,% tic.
June, 1,%S'-'.]
t75
JI'NI()II ('I,ASs.
John \V. Atkins, A. C. (iilhevt.
Martin Marshall, laved. Sehroedev, Lewis Mavall.
~. I't'HITI,'~'T[IIAI, (.!L.\:-~.
H. E. Grau, Hortu'( ' I,[ ing, \ V m . S. Yerk(!s,
\Vm. S. (klein, Peter Motley. John t)'Neill.
Joseph lAebseh, lliehard Bin
•lohn .I. 13reitlinger, I Iarrv Miller. (}eo. H. 5[evehant.
The drawinKs , which are exhibited tbr in.-peetion, ave average ~l~ecimens of' the ~ork done. Some are good, some indiil~rent, and some decidedly bad. Much of th(, bad work is in ('OllSeqtlellt:e of lilt? Vt,l'V poor instruments used l~y a large proportion of the studenls, 'rod ~h~es n,,t form a true index of their understanding and calmbilities. [n eonclusion~ I wish to th'mk the preceptors, who hqw~ assisted me in tile school, tbr their zeal and fidelity; als,~, the ('ommitl(,~ on Instruction, Curators and l{oard of Managers t;)v theh" willin~'ness. promptness and liberality ill providing additional accommodations, and tile officers of the Institute tbr their hearty co-,~perati,m and assistanc'e. \V~l. H . "l'lt,~,'xl:.
May 18, 1882. Mr. (:ol(.m'm Sellers, Ilev. l)r. H. J. Morton and ('olelna,~ ,%,llers, •lr., were then sueeessivelv intrc, dueed 1>), the lq'esidem, and ~leli\'eved I,'ief addresses, which were well received. The exercises throughout were most interesting~ and the expl'~.ssi~ms of gratifieati~,n Ily nmmber~ present at ~eheflourishing condition ,d' th~ school and the progress of the pupils, were very general. \V.
Franklin
Institute.
HALL OF Till,: lXSTr'rUTE, April 2(;, 1882. l'ur~uant to action taken at th,' ~tatcd nmeting" ,,f April lgth, :m adjournetl lneeting" ~)i' tilt' InstituW Was held thi.- v\t'uing at the usual hour, the l'residcm, Mr. \Vm. 1'. Tatham, prvsidin~. Thm'e \v~q'(
~))'awi)~.(! ,~ckool.
[Jom'. Frank. Inst.,
T H E D I / A W I N G S( ?l lOt )l,. The closing exercises of the Drawing School were held ,m Thursday evening, May lSth, at the Hall of the Institute, in the presen(,v of an interested audience of" members, }mpils and their fl'iends. The excr(dses consisted of the exhibition of the work of ll~e 1)upil~, the rcadi.,a' of tim Repor~ ,,f the Principal of the School "rod a mm~her of a(hh'(~sses appropriate to tile oe(,asion. Mr. \Vm. P. Tat]ram, the President of" the lnstilute, ()t)cn(!d dm exercise> by stating lli(; ol~je(.'tof the ,ne(.ting. He alluded to th(e >,,1Mtude with which the Institute had always tbstered and en(~ouraged the art of drawing, by maintaining its drawing seh,)ol uninterruptedly for a long peri,)d of vears~ and expressed his great gratification at the ex(:e.llent eharaeter of tile work of the pupils, which was the best evidence of the thoroughlmsS of the instruction the pupils were receiving, and of the eompetenev of the instructors. The Secretary then read the fifllowing report of Mr. William H. Thorne, the Direeeor of the School.
Re,port of t]., Director of the DrawS~g £~chool of t].'~ Frankli~ I~>.tit.t~ qf ]~en~sylca~ffa, ft." the Seaso~ of 13,~'1 (oM l&~'2. Notwithstanding that the present organization of the School was tbrmed in t)ctober, 1881~ with a system of instruction to determine upon and the material to provide to cart v it out, with -m entirely new set of students t,, organize and divide into classes aee.ording to their knowledge and capacities, and to furnish with the necessary materials and apparatus, and with the class-rooms to rearrange and accommodations to provide t}~r the unexpected number of applicants; the results are gratit~ving. The main feature of the School has been tile teaching of such drawing as would be use%l ill the workshop and applieable to construedon as well as to ornamentation, and thus a large part of the instruction ha.s been devoted to the geometrical principles of dr'~wing, but the demonstration and application of these l)rineiples have always been made to ( . mibrm with the practice of our best engineers and architects, while proper manipulation and correct teehnlealities have been rigidly cntbree(l; so that the student would learn how to properly use his hands and his instruments, how to give clearness and beauty to his work, and at the .-:ame time obtain a k,~owh~'dgc of geometrical fi~rms
June, I882.]
]))'aWt))g S~'~hool.
473
and their l)rojections, intersections an(] developments, and finally, learn to make w~)rking drawings of machine or architectural constructions. In this course, the use of copies has been ahnost entirely avoided, tile student being required to make his (h'awin~'s accurately to scale, either from free-hand sketches, or from the drawing on the blacl(board by the preceptor, who spends part of his time there and p'/rt with the student in giving individual instruction an(1 criticism. Importance is attached to tl,e free-hand sketches . f the student, and the value (-)f this accomplishment is ahvays kept in view. The class of exclusively free-h'md drawing has 1leon ~mall, but tile progress has 1)con very satisfactory. The School is divided into: A Junior Class, raider Mr. Carl Barth, who teaches the use and care of instruments, graphical l)lane geometry, including the conic sections and spirals, and simple projections. An Intermediate Class, under 3[r. Victor Angcrer, who teaches projeeti~,ns, intersections and developments, and elementary descriptive geometry, using the third angle exclusively and avoiding the use ()f the gromld line of the text books, except where neecssary, and then emt)hasizing the fact that it is not used in working drawings. He alternates the making of working drawings of simple derails with tl~is th(,oretieal teaching. A Senior Mechanical (!lass, which I tea('h persolmlly, adwmeing fm'ther into deserilltive geometry, t(~gether with gearing and shapes and prop()rtions ~)f teeth, making diagrams ()f meeh:mieal movements, drawing to s('alc, nmrking dimensions in a 1)roller manner, erosshat('hin,£, coloring, shade lining and all the c(,nventi(malities . f good draughting. During the last ternl this class made compl(,te working drawings of a h.rizontal (,ngmc,'" in which they. took great interest, smuch so that each .~eas(,n I shall take some standard machine as a ~tndv for the ('lass. An Ar('hitcctural Class, under Mr. "Win. L. l'rire, wl,, l,ra(,tically applies the principles taught in the Jm/ior and Intermc(liate (:lasses to the making of architectural drawings. Mr. Price also tea(,hes thc Free-hand Class. I)uring the winter term ()f the sea,-()n there were 120 st,,(l.nts, divi(l(!(l between the Jm~ior, intt,rme(liate and Seni(,r ~[cchani(.al Classes, 20 in the Ar('hitectural Class and 2~{ in the Free-hand ('lass, making a t(~tal of 1~;~;. During the spring term there w e r e 971 students (livid(,d [)(,t\voell I]1~,
474
Dra,:i,j ,Fchoo{.
[./our. l,'nuik. InsL,
,Junior, Intermediate aml Senior M(,Hmnical Cla~.~o.~, 17 in tlw ArHfitectur'd and 11 in the Free-hand ('la~.~c~, making' a t(~tal ~d" 123. The atteu(lan(x, has been tidy, alth()uvh the 1)vopovtion ~,t' al)sentc(,s was kTeater than w()uhI ])e expected. Th(, dis('iplim' ha~ i)(!cn g(..1 aud ill(' int(,ve,~l ~,f the ~t,.ld(,n:, in their w(wk lm~ kel)r up vemarkal)lv will. S(.nie little tv()ul)le ha~ I)o('n eXl~eri('l.'(!d t'r(m~ the ind('l)('n(tent .~pivir (~f Am(,ri(.an y~.lh~, who (,ecasi.nallv (littl,r from their 1)rec(,ptors as t~)th(, adal)tati~)n ~d' oertain exer('ise,~ to t h e i r - w n p:u'ti(.ul:w requiv(qnent,~. Anoth(,r thr(~at(~u(,d trouI)l(~ has I)e(,n a too lar,/e ('()nizr(~ati~)n . f stmh~lm- in the lfilwarv. I wo.hl ,-uv~csr tlw withdrtlw'd ,,I" th( privih,g(~ of the Library on 5oho.1 evenings. Twelve Free Sehol:w,~hil),~ t'r.m the 13. H. Bart()l Fund have l)e('n :it ()ur di,-l)osal durin,,g the season, nin(, . f which were awar(h!d at the end . f the Spring Term, and the remaining thr(~c are now awarded, with th(~ aplwoval of tile Board of Mmmgers, to the following studenls fi,r tlieir regularity in :lttendan(.(% industry and intere.-:t in their studics~ and the progress shown by their w()rk, namely, to Joseph Leibs(~h, ()f the Free Hand (['lass, and t() Fred. Schroed(~ ~ and .Martin Marshall, of the ,Junior (_!lass, who, on ap1)lieati()n to (1~(. A('tuarv of tl~e Institute at the beginning of the next term, ()(qoh('r 2(1, will v(~('('iv(, their tiekc!ts. The /blloxving students des(q've h(m(n'al)le mention tbr their regulai'ity, indtL~trv mid provress
:
(-!I,AS,%
Willis tI. Groat, Chas. S. Krebs, H. Fr'mk Lennig, Joseph Weiss, (7onrad Shaul, Reinhold E. Ku(!hln, W. P. Dallett,
J. V. Hamilton, A. M. Itahn, G. W. Bradley, \V. ,I. Bradley, R. W. Ferguson, G. Whitaker, .John l'. Casey.
]NTERMEDTATE (~LA~.
A. IL ]lidgo]y, d. F. Braun, |L W. Champlain, Rudolph Boerieke, Thos. M. Na,ds, Jr.,
Geo. D. Holt, (!has. S. Butz, John Fauser, J. M(!Coy, (qavk Dill.
t)J'oecc({ili[l,% tic.
June, 1,%S'-'.]
t75
JI'NI()II ('I,ASs.
John \V. Atkins, A. C. (iilhevt.
Martin Marshall, laved. Sehroedev, Lewis Mavall.
~. I't'HITI,'~'T[IIAI, (.!L.\:-~.
H. E. Grau, Hortu'( ' I,[ ing, \ V m . S. Yerk(!s,
\Vm. S. (klein, Peter Motley. John t)'Neill.
Joseph lAebseh, lliehard Bin
•lohn .I. 13reitlinger, I Iarrv Miller. (}eo. H. 5[evehant.
The drawinKs , which are exhibited tbr in.-peetion, ave average ~l~ecimens of' the ~ork done. Some are good, some indiil~rent, and some decidedly bad. Much of th(, bad work is in ('OllSeqtlellt:e of lilt? Vt,l'V poor instruments used l~y a large proportion of the studenls, 'rod ~h~es n,,t form a true index of their understanding and calmbilities. [n eonclusion~ I wish to th'mk the preceptors, who hqw~ assisted me in tile school, tbr their zeal and fidelity; als,~, the ('ommitl(,~ on Instruction, Curators and l{oard of Managers t;)v theh" willin~'ness. promptness and liberality ill providing additional accommodations, and tile officers of the Institute tbr their hearty co-,~perati,m and assistanc'e. \V~l. H . "l'lt,~,'xl:.
May 18, 1882. Mr. (:ol(.m'm Sellers, Ilev. l)r. H. J. Morton and ('olelna,~ ,%,llers, •lr., were then sueeessivelv intrc, dueed 1>), the lq'esidem, and ~leli\'eved I,'ief addresses, which were well received. The exercises throughout were most interesting~ and the expl'~.ssi~ms of gratifieati~,n Ily nmmber~ present at ~eheflourishing condition ,d' th~ school and the progress of the pupils, were very general. \V.
Franklin
Institute.
HALL OF Till,: lXSTr'rUTE, April 2(;, 1882. l'ur~uant to action taken at th,' ~tatcd nmeting" ,,f April lgth, :m adjournetl lneeting" ~)i' tilt' InstituW Was held thi.- v\t'uing at the usual hour, the l'residcm, Mr. \Vm. 1'. Tatham, prvsidin~. Thm'e \v~q'(