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The effect of a short course high-fat diet on behavior in juvenile mice
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Abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 24 (2010) S1–S71
Enhanced immune activation in adulthood following childhood trauma: A role for toll-like receptors P. McKernan, G. Gaszner, E. Quigley, J.F. Cryan, T.G. Dinan
social interaction on the neuroinflammatory and affective responses to SNI, socially isolated animals were treated with exogenous oxytocin and socially paired animals were treated with an oxytocin antagonist, beginning one week prior to SNI. Oxytocin attenuated the effects of SNI on depressive-like behavior and reduced IL-1b in the frontal cortex of socially isolated mice. Conversely, pair housed animals treated with a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist developed depressive-like behavior equivalent to that of socially isolated animals and displayed increased IL-1b protein levels within the frontal cortex. Thus, social interaction significantly alters the affective and neuroinflammatory responses to SNI through a mechanism that could involve oxytocin.
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.118
parallel its ability to diminish depressive-like behavior (Supported by NIH MH083767 to R.H.M.). doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.116
Abstract # 355
Stress can modulate innate immune responses but little is known of the immunological effects of childhood trauma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of the innate immune system and their expression and function has been shown to be altered in certain stress paradigms. We hypothesized that TLR expression and activity may be altered in individuals that experienced childhood trauma (CT). Childhood trauma was assessed in individuals using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). Whole blood was then cultured with a panel of TLR agonists for 24 h. Cell supernatants were then analysed using a multiplex ELISA approach to measure inflammatory cytokines. Plasma was analysed for inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins and cortisol. Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA. IL1b levels were elevated in CT group compared to non-trauma (NT) group following treatment with the TLR4 agonist LPS, the TLR5 agonist flagellin and the TLR8 agonist ssRNA40. IL6 levels were elevated in CT group following treatment with the TLR2 agonist HKLM and flagellin. TNFa levels were elevated in CT group following treatment with LPS. Basal plasma levels of the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL6 were elevated in CT group. These data suggest an increase in activity of certain TLRs in individuals that experience childhood trauma, which may also have a low grade inflammatory component basally. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.117
Abstract # 356 Social interaction prevents the development of depressive-like behavior following nerve injury: A potential role for IL-1b and oxytocin A. DeVries, G.J. Norman, K. Karelina, J. Morris, N. Zhang, M. Cochran Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States Social environment can have profound effects on health and wellbeing. The current study examines the role of social interaction in modulating the development of allodynia (increased sensitivity to typically innocuous physical stimuli), neuroinflammation, and depressive-like behavior following spared nerve injury (SNI). Male mice were pair housed or socially isolated for two weeks prior to SNI or the sham surgery. Although both groups of SNI mice developed allodynia (p < 0.05 relative to Sham), only the socially isolated SNI mice exhibited increased interleukin 1beta (IL-1b) expression in the cortex and depressive-like behavior (p < 0.05); the pair housed SNI mice did not differ from Sham in IL-1b expression or depressive-like behavior (p > 0.05). To determine whether oxytocin, a neuropeptide associated with social bonding, mediated the effect of
Abstract # 357 The effect of a short course high-fat diet on behavior in juvenile mice M.M. Kaczmarczyk, S. Machaj, M.J. Miller, G.G. Freund University of Illinois, 207 ERML, 1201 S. Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801, United States Obesity, once considered an ‘‘adult-only” condition, is rapidly increasing in prevalence in children and adolescents. The short-term effect of a high-fat diet on behavior and cognition is particularly interesting because obesity appears to impair cognitive function in toddlers. Here we demonstrate that male C57BL/6J mice fed a 60% fat diet (HFD) for 1 week post-weaning burrowed 66.9% more (p 6 0.01), were 2.6% more mobile in the forced swim test (p 6 0.05) and explored a novel object 58% less (p 6 0.01) than mice fed a 10% fat diet (LFD) for 1 week post-weaning. Mice fed a HFD for 3 weeks post-weaning burrowed 40% more (p 6 0.01), were 8.7% more mobile in the forced swim test (p 6 0.05) and had 20% greater total arm entries in a y-maze (p 6 0.01) than mice fed a LFD for 3 weeks. In addition, mice placed on a HFD at weaning for 3 weeks were 10% heavier and had fasting blood glucoses that were 60% greater compared to mice fed a LFD for 3 weeks post weaning. Finally, 1 week of HFD diet did not impact weight or blood glucose when compared to 1 week of LFD. Taken together these findings indicate that a HFD has rapid and possibly adverse consequences on both mood and memory. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.119
Abstract # 358 Emotional controllability vs. operational controllability influences on the course of inflammation D. Osman, R. Anunu, L. Shtoots, A. Haim, G. Richter Levin University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Psychological stress can be defined as a perceived stress that influences an individual’s ability to cope with life events. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the duration and the course of the stress are the pivotal factors that determine the nature of the stress-induced immune change and any health-related outcome. Controllability over the stressor was found to be a very important parameter defining the outcome of the exposure to a stressful experience. It was found to modulate both physiological and behavioral reactions to stress. By using the shuttle task, we can have a similar
Abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 24 (2010) S1–S71
Enhanced immune activation in adulthood following childhood trauma: A role for toll-like receptors P. McKernan, G. Gaszner, E. Quigley, J.F. Cryan, T.G. Dinan
social interaction on the neuroinflammatory and affective responses to SNI, socially isolated animals were treated with exogenous oxytocin and socially paired animals were treated with an oxytocin antagonist, beginning one week prior to SNI. Oxytocin attenuated the effects of SNI on depressive-like behavior and reduced IL-1b in the frontal cortex of socially isolated mice. Conversely, pair housed animals treated with a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist developed depressive-like behavior equivalent to that of socially isolated animals and displayed increased IL-1b protein levels within the frontal cortex. Thus, social interaction significantly alters the affective and neuroinflammatory responses to SNI through a mechanism that could involve oxytocin.
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.118
parallel its ability to diminish depressive-like behavior (Supported by NIH MH083767 to R.H.M.). doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.116
Abstract # 355
Stress can modulate innate immune responses but little is known of the immunological effects of childhood trauma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of the innate immune system and their expression and function has been shown to be altered in certain stress paradigms. We hypothesized that TLR expression and activity may be altered in individuals that experienced childhood trauma (CT). Childhood trauma was assessed in individuals using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). Whole blood was then cultured with a panel of TLR agonists for 24 h. Cell supernatants were then analysed using a multiplex ELISA approach to measure inflammatory cytokines. Plasma was analysed for inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins and cortisol. Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA. IL1b levels were elevated in CT group compared to non-trauma (NT) group following treatment with the TLR4 agonist LPS, the TLR5 agonist flagellin and the TLR8 agonist ssRNA40. IL6 levels were elevated in CT group following treatment with the TLR2 agonist HKLM and flagellin. TNFa levels were elevated in CT group following treatment with LPS. Basal plasma levels of the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL6 were elevated in CT group. These data suggest an increase in activity of certain TLRs in individuals that experience childhood trauma, which may also have a low grade inflammatory component basally. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.117
Abstract # 356 Social interaction prevents the development of depressive-like behavior following nerve injury: A potential role for IL-1b and oxytocin A. DeVries, G.J. Norman, K. Karelina, J. Morris, N. Zhang, M. Cochran Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States Social environment can have profound effects on health and wellbeing. The current study examines the role of social interaction in modulating the development of allodynia (increased sensitivity to typically innocuous physical stimuli), neuroinflammation, and depressive-like behavior following spared nerve injury (SNI). Male mice were pair housed or socially isolated for two weeks prior to SNI or the sham surgery. Although both groups of SNI mice developed allodynia (p < 0.05 relative to Sham), only the socially isolated SNI mice exhibited increased interleukin 1beta (IL-1b) expression in the cortex and depressive-like behavior (p < 0.05); the pair housed SNI mice did not differ from Sham in IL-1b expression or depressive-like behavior (p > 0.05). To determine whether oxytocin, a neuropeptide associated with social bonding, mediated the effect of
Abstract # 357 The effect of a short course high-fat diet on behavior in juvenile mice M.M. Kaczmarczyk, S. Machaj, M.J. Miller, G.G. Freund University of Illinois, 207 ERML, 1201 S. Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801, United States Obesity, once considered an ‘‘adult-only” condition, is rapidly increasing in prevalence in children and adolescents. The short-term effect of a high-fat diet on behavior and cognition is particularly interesting because obesity appears to impair cognitive function in toddlers. Here we demonstrate that male C57BL/6J mice fed a 60% fat diet (HFD) for 1 week post-weaning burrowed 66.9% more (p 6 0.01), were 2.6% more mobile in the forced swim test (p 6 0.05) and explored a novel object 58% less (p 6 0.01) than mice fed a 10% fat diet (LFD) for 1 week post-weaning. Mice fed a HFD for 3 weeks post-weaning burrowed 40% more (p 6 0.01), were 8.7% more mobile in the forced swim test (p 6 0.05) and had 20% greater total arm entries in a y-maze (p 6 0.01) than mice fed a LFD for 3 weeks. In addition, mice placed on a HFD at weaning for 3 weeks were 10% heavier and had fasting blood glucoses that were 60% greater compared to mice fed a LFD for 3 weeks post weaning. Finally, 1 week of HFD diet did not impact weight or blood glucose when compared to 1 week of LFD. Taken together these findings indicate that a HFD has rapid and possibly adverse consequences on both mood and memory. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.119
Abstract # 358 Emotional controllability vs. operational controllability influences on the course of inflammation D. Osman, R. Anunu, L. Shtoots, A. Haim, G. Richter Levin University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Psychological stress can be defined as a perceived stress that influences an individual’s ability to cope with life events. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the duration and the course of the stress are the pivotal factors that determine the nature of the stress-induced immune change and any health-related outcome. Controllability over the stressor was found to be a very important parameter defining the outcome of the exposure to a stressful experience. It was found to modulate both physiological and behavioral reactions to stress. By using the shuttle task, we can have a similar