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The effect of enforcement upon service of alcohol to intoxicated patrons of bars and restaurants
Journalof Safety Research,Vol. 27, No. I. pp, 55-59,1996 Copyright0 1996 National Safety Council and Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in the USA. All rightsreserved 00224375/96 $15.00 + .OO
Pergamon
SSDI 0022-4375(95)00029-l
Abstracts Traffic Safety Did the 65 mph Speed Limit Save Lives? C. Luve, I! Elias, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No.1, pp, 49-62. In 1987, most states raised the speed limit from 55 mph to 65 mph on portions of their rural interstate highways. There was intense debate about the increase, and numerous evaluations were conducted afterwards. These evaluations share a common problem: they only measure the local effects of the change. But the change must be judged by its system-wide effects. In particular, the new 65 mph limit allowed the state highway patrols to shift their resources from speed enforcement on the interstates to other safety activities and other highways - a shift many highway patrol chiefs had argued for. If the chiefs were correct, the new allocation of patrol resources should lead to a reduction in statewide fatality rates. Similarly, the chance to drive faster on the interstates should attract drivers away from other, more dangerous roads, again generating system-wide consequences. This study measures these changes and obtains surprising results. We find that the 65 mph limit reduced statewide fatality rates by 3.4% to 5.1%, holding constant the effects of long-term trend, driving exposure, seat belt laws, and economic factors.
The Effect of Enforcement Upon Service of Alcohol to Intoxicated Patrons of Bars and Restaurants. A. J. McKnight, F: M. .Sttz& Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 79-88. Laws prohibiting the service of alcohol to already intoxicated patrons of bars and restauSpring 1996Nolume 27LMmber 1
rants are seldom enforced. Following introduction of an enforcement effort in Washtenaw County, Michigan, observed refusals of service to “pseudo patrons” simulating intoxication rose from 17.5% to 54.3% declining eventually to 41.0%. At the same time, the percentage of those arrested drunk drivers coming from bars and restaurants declined from 31.7% to 23.3%. In a comparison county, refusals of service rose to a significantly smaller extent, from 11.5% to 32.7%, while the percentage of DWIs coming from bars and restaurants showed no significant changes. Service refusals were related to volume of business and numbers of intoxicated patrons in an establishment’s clientele, policies, and practices. Although enforcement of alcohol service laws offers a potentially cost beneficial means of reducing highway crashes, replication across additional jurisdiction is needed.
Mandated Server Training and Reduced Alcohol-Involved Traffic Crashes: A Time Series Analysis of the Oregon Experience. H. D. Holder, A. C. Wagenaal; Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 89-97. This paper reports the results from an evaluation of the first statewide mandated training for alcohol servers. The state of Oregon introduced training for all alcohol servers (and for 1 year all owners/managers) beginning in December 1986. Servers must complete training once over a 5year cycle; by December 1989, over 50% of servers and managers had been trained. We found statistically significant reductions in single-vehicle nighttime traffic crashes (those with high percentage of alcohol involvement) by the end of 1989 following the implementation of the compulsory server-training policy. 55
Pergamon
SSDI 0022-4375(95)00029-l
Abstracts Traffic Safety Did the 65 mph Speed Limit Save Lives? C. Luve, I! Elias, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No.1, pp, 49-62. In 1987, most states raised the speed limit from 55 mph to 65 mph on portions of their rural interstate highways. There was intense debate about the increase, and numerous evaluations were conducted afterwards. These evaluations share a common problem: they only measure the local effects of the change. But the change must be judged by its system-wide effects. In particular, the new 65 mph limit allowed the state highway patrols to shift their resources from speed enforcement on the interstates to other safety activities and other highways - a shift many highway patrol chiefs had argued for. If the chiefs were correct, the new allocation of patrol resources should lead to a reduction in statewide fatality rates. Similarly, the chance to drive faster on the interstates should attract drivers away from other, more dangerous roads, again generating system-wide consequences. This study measures these changes and obtains surprising results. We find that the 65 mph limit reduced statewide fatality rates by 3.4% to 5.1%, holding constant the effects of long-term trend, driving exposure, seat belt laws, and economic factors.
The Effect of Enforcement Upon Service of Alcohol to Intoxicated Patrons of Bars and Restaurants. A. J. McKnight, F: M. .Sttz& Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 79-88. Laws prohibiting the service of alcohol to already intoxicated patrons of bars and restauSpring 1996Nolume 27LMmber 1
rants are seldom enforced. Following introduction of an enforcement effort in Washtenaw County, Michigan, observed refusals of service to “pseudo patrons” simulating intoxication rose from 17.5% to 54.3% declining eventually to 41.0%. At the same time, the percentage of those arrested drunk drivers coming from bars and restaurants declined from 31.7% to 23.3%. In a comparison county, refusals of service rose to a significantly smaller extent, from 11.5% to 32.7%, while the percentage of DWIs coming from bars and restaurants showed no significant changes. Service refusals were related to volume of business and numbers of intoxicated patrons in an establishment’s clientele, policies, and practices. Although enforcement of alcohol service laws offers a potentially cost beneficial means of reducing highway crashes, replication across additional jurisdiction is needed.
Mandated Server Training and Reduced Alcohol-Involved Traffic Crashes: A Time Series Analysis of the Oregon Experience. H. D. Holder, A. C. Wagenaal; Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 89-97. This paper reports the results from an evaluation of the first statewide mandated training for alcohol servers. The state of Oregon introduced training for all alcohol servers (and for 1 year all owners/managers) beginning in December 1986. Servers must complete training once over a 5year cycle; by December 1989, over 50% of servers and managers had been trained. We found statistically significant reductions in single-vehicle nighttime traffic crashes (those with high percentage of alcohol involvement) by the end of 1989 following the implementation of the compulsory server-training policy. 55