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The Effect of Intraocular Lidocaine in White Rabbit Eyes
ABSTRACTS
Abstracts of Published Articles in Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society)
Identification of a Free Non-tryptophan Fluorophore in Water-soluble Fraction of Human Brunescent Cataractous Lens Nucleus Purpose: We previously reported that a unique free fluorophore (Fl-Glc), presumably a -glucoside, is particularly abundant in human brunescent cataractous lens nuclei. Our preliminary experiments indicated that incubation of low-molecular weight (MW) fraction of non-brunescent lens nuclei causes an increase in a particular fluorophore (Fl-X). This study was undertaken to compare the Fl-Glc with the Fl-X and subsequently to identify the Fl-X. Methods: Experiment (1) The purified Fl-X and its glucosidase digest (aglycon) were compared with the FlGlc and its aglycon, respectively, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Experiment (2) i) The Fl-X and its aglycon were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). ii) Authentic xanthurenic acid was analysed by HPLC and LC/MS. Results: Experiment (1) The retention times of the FlX and the Fl-Glc exactly coincided. The fluorescence peaks of both disappeared after -glucosidase treatment. Experiment (2) i) LC/MS results suggested that the MWs of the Fl-X and its aglycon were 367 and 205, respectively. ii) HPLC and LC/MS results for xanthurenic acid (MW ⫽ 205) were exactly the same as those for the aglycon of the Fl-X. Conclusions: The Fl-Glc and the Fl-X are identifical, and the Fl-X (⫽ Fl-Glc) is a glucoside of xanthurenic acid. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:207–213, 2000) Kanako Ando,* Etsuko Shirao,* Yukari Iwakuchi,* Yutaka Shirao,* and Amane Inoue† *Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, †Research and Development, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. PII S0021-5155(00)00236-7
The Effect of Intraocular Lidocaine in White Rabbit Eyes Jpn J Ophthalmol 44, 569–577 (2000) © 2000 Japanese Ophthalmological Society Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Purpose: Recently, intraocular lidocaine anesthesia has been used in cataract surgery. We studied the toxicity of intraocular unpreserved lidocaine for corneal endothelial cell and retina using Japanese white rabbits. Methods: The rabbits were divided into two groups. One group was injected intracamerally and the other was injected intravitreally with 0.2 ml of unpreserved lidocaine of 0%, 0.02%, 0.2%, or 2% concentration. The number of corneal endothelial cells was measured 1 week after the injection. After measurements, the rabbit corneas were studied histologically. The retina was examined by electroretinogram prior to initial injection through 1 week after the injection. Results: There was no significant change in number of corneal endothelial cells after injection of 0.2% lidocaine. However, histological abnormality was seen in corneal endothelial cells after 2% lidocaine injection. There was also significant change in electroretinogram with 2% lidocaine injection. No histological abnormality was seen in the retina 1 week after the injection. Conclusion: The rabbit cornea and retina manifested no serious changes after the injection of lidocaine at less than 0.2% concentration functionally and histologically. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:214–220, 2000) Tadayuki Nishide,* Kazuaki Kadonosono,* Norihiko Itoh,* Futoshi Yazama,† Youko Endoh,* Hazime Sawada† and Shigeaki Ohno* *Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine †Department of Anatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine PII S0021-5155(00)00237-9
Immunohistochemical Study of Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells in Human and Diabetic Rat Cataracts Purpose: An immunohistochemical evalution of lens epithelial cell apoptosis. Methods: We performed terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays on capsulotomy specimens (68 eyes in 53 patients) from patients who had undergone cat-
0021-5155/00/$–see front matter
Abstracts of Published Articles in Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society)
Identification of a Free Non-tryptophan Fluorophore in Water-soluble Fraction of Human Brunescent Cataractous Lens Nucleus Purpose: We previously reported that a unique free fluorophore (Fl-Glc), presumably a -glucoside, is particularly abundant in human brunescent cataractous lens nuclei. Our preliminary experiments indicated that incubation of low-molecular weight (MW) fraction of non-brunescent lens nuclei causes an increase in a particular fluorophore (Fl-X). This study was undertaken to compare the Fl-Glc with the Fl-X and subsequently to identify the Fl-X. Methods: Experiment (1) The purified Fl-X and its glucosidase digest (aglycon) were compared with the FlGlc and its aglycon, respectively, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Experiment (2) i) The Fl-X and its aglycon were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). ii) Authentic xanthurenic acid was analysed by HPLC and LC/MS. Results: Experiment (1) The retention times of the FlX and the Fl-Glc exactly coincided. The fluorescence peaks of both disappeared after -glucosidase treatment. Experiment (2) i) LC/MS results suggested that the MWs of the Fl-X and its aglycon were 367 and 205, respectively. ii) HPLC and LC/MS results for xanthurenic acid (MW ⫽ 205) were exactly the same as those for the aglycon of the Fl-X. Conclusions: The Fl-Glc and the Fl-X are identifical, and the Fl-X (⫽ Fl-Glc) is a glucoside of xanthurenic acid. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:207–213, 2000) Kanako Ando,* Etsuko Shirao,* Yukari Iwakuchi,* Yutaka Shirao,* and Amane Inoue† *Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, †Research and Development, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. PII S0021-5155(00)00236-7
The Effect of Intraocular Lidocaine in White Rabbit Eyes Jpn J Ophthalmol 44, 569–577 (2000) © 2000 Japanese Ophthalmological Society Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Purpose: Recently, intraocular lidocaine anesthesia has been used in cataract surgery. We studied the toxicity of intraocular unpreserved lidocaine for corneal endothelial cell and retina using Japanese white rabbits. Methods: The rabbits were divided into two groups. One group was injected intracamerally and the other was injected intravitreally with 0.2 ml of unpreserved lidocaine of 0%, 0.02%, 0.2%, or 2% concentration. The number of corneal endothelial cells was measured 1 week after the injection. After measurements, the rabbit corneas were studied histologically. The retina was examined by electroretinogram prior to initial injection through 1 week after the injection. Results: There was no significant change in number of corneal endothelial cells after injection of 0.2% lidocaine. However, histological abnormality was seen in corneal endothelial cells after 2% lidocaine injection. There was also significant change in electroretinogram with 2% lidocaine injection. No histological abnormality was seen in the retina 1 week after the injection. Conclusion: The rabbit cornea and retina manifested no serious changes after the injection of lidocaine at less than 0.2% concentration functionally and histologically. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:214–220, 2000) Tadayuki Nishide,* Kazuaki Kadonosono,* Norihiko Itoh,* Futoshi Yazama,† Youko Endoh,* Hazime Sawada† and Shigeaki Ohno* *Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine †Department of Anatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine PII S0021-5155(00)00237-9
Immunohistochemical Study of Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells in Human and Diabetic Rat Cataracts Purpose: An immunohistochemical evalution of lens epithelial cell apoptosis. Methods: We performed terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays on capsulotomy specimens (68 eyes in 53 patients) from patients who had undergone cat-
0021-5155/00/$–see front matter