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The effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visual pattern perception
Poster Abstracts / International Journal of Psychophysiology 85 (2012) 361–430
anger and neutral. We made morphed continua photos between neutral and each facial expression: for instance happy-neutral, sadness-neutral, disgust-neutral and anger-neutral. We prepared eight steps between neutral-100% and each emotion 100%. Each stimulus was presented in random order and participants judged whether they can feel any emotion from the stimulus or not, and chose most appropriate emotion when they judged that the stimulus has emotional valence. There were 200 trials in total. Individual's threshold to feel the emotion from photos was obtained from their responses against the facial expression photos. Participants completed some questionnaires those were Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS), Social Anxiety Disorder Scale (SADS), The 20item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and The Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ). Results and error rate in the heartbeat detection task was significantly negatively correlated with sensibility to happiness(r = −.46, p b .05) and sadness(r = −.39, p b .05). The results imply that individuals who are sensitive to their own interoceptive information are also sensitive to emotions presented in facial expressions. Also, individuals with high interoceptive sensibility showed high levels in the social anxiety scale and low levels in the alexithymia scale. Our findings supported the notion that interoceptive sensibility predicts emotional sensibility in social context. The results suggest that interoceptive awareness modulates intensity of subjective experience of emotion and affects personality traits concern with emotion processing.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.101
Genetic influences of neural correlates of emotional processing: Affective picture-related ERPs in female twins L.A. Olsona, E.M. Bernata, A. Colea, A. Anokhinbb Florida State University, USA b Washington University, Washington, USA
a
The late positive potential (LPP) and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components have been of great interest in research designs involving affective picture processing, where substantial work has now established that the LPP and P3 are enhanced in response to affective images, relative to neutral. However, little is known about the role of genetic factors in the determination of “affective” ERP responses involving the LPP and P3. This study used a sample of 292 young adult female twins (including monozygotic and dizygotic pairs) to estimate the heritability of the LPP and P3 in response to affective and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which were presented in a standard 6 s pictureviewing task. Consistent with previous literature, pleasant and unpleasant pictures elicited significantly larger P3 and LPP responses relative to neutral pictures. Analyses of twin data indicated significant heritability of individual differences in the amplitude of LPP and P3 components across valence categories (i.e., unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral images); however, inter-individual variability of affectneutral differences in both ERP components was largely accounted for by non-shared environmental factors. The results of the current study suggest that while overall response to images is heritable, affective reactivity as indexed by ERP components in common picture viewing paradigms is shaped predominantly by individually-specific environment and/or state-related influences, rather than genetically determined trait characteristics.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.102
401
The effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visual pattern perception B. Hallera, I. Riecanskya,b, C. Lamma a Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria b Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia In repetitive TMS (rTMS) magnetic pulses are delivered through the skull at a specific frequency or sequence. It has been suggested that low frequency (b2 Hz) rTMS (LF-rTMS) temporary impairs function of the targeted cortex. However, reports on the effects of LF-rTMS of the visual cortex of the occipital lobe on visual perception are contradictory. To investigate the effects of LF-rTMS over the occipital cortex on low-level visual pattern perception. The area targeted by rTMS involved representation of the right lower visual quadrant (left superior occipital cortex) and was identified using neuronavigation and phosphenes elicited by single TMS pulses. rTMS was applied for 15 min at 1 Hz, stimulation power was 110% of the phosphene threshold determined within the same session. The stimulus was a black-and-white squarewave grating (2.5x2.5 deg, spatial frequency 2 cpd) partially masked by a randomdot pattern (RDP) noise so that the grating's visibility was just above the threshold, which was determined for each observer prior to testing. The stimulus was displayed at the eccentricity of 5 deg in all four visual quadrants. The task was to discriminate the grating's orientation. Discrimination accuracy was assessed before and immediately following rTMS in 10 healthy adult volunteers (6 females, age: 21-39 years, mean age = 29). LF-rTMS improved discrimination in the targeted visual quadrant in 7 out of 10 subjects. The group mean effect was highest in this quadrant but was small (before rTMS: 84% correct responses, after: 86%). There was a trend towards significance in the interaction of factors time (before vs. after rTMS), half-field vertical (upper vs. lower) and halffield horizontal (left vs. right), F(1,9) = 4.02, p = 0.076, partial eta squared = 0.31, in a repeated measures ANOVA computed with the number of correct responses as the dependent variable. Form discrimination is facilitated rather than impaired by LF-rTMS of the visual cortex.
Figure: The effects of occipital LF-rTMS on visual pattern discrimination. Difference in the number of correct discrimination trials (after minus before LF-rTMS) is plotted for each subject (points) along with group mean (bars). UL: upper left quadrant, UR: upper right, LL: lower left, LR: lower right. The occipital cortical representation of LR was targeted by LF-rTMS.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.103
anger and neutral. We made morphed continua photos between neutral and each facial expression: for instance happy-neutral, sadness-neutral, disgust-neutral and anger-neutral. We prepared eight steps between neutral-100% and each emotion 100%. Each stimulus was presented in random order and participants judged whether they can feel any emotion from the stimulus or not, and chose most appropriate emotion when they judged that the stimulus has emotional valence. There were 200 trials in total. Individual's threshold to feel the emotion from photos was obtained from their responses against the facial expression photos. Participants completed some questionnaires those were Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS), Social Anxiety Disorder Scale (SADS), The 20item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and The Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ). Results and error rate in the heartbeat detection task was significantly negatively correlated with sensibility to happiness(r = −.46, p b .05) and sadness(r = −.39, p b .05). The results imply that individuals who are sensitive to their own interoceptive information are also sensitive to emotions presented in facial expressions. Also, individuals with high interoceptive sensibility showed high levels in the social anxiety scale and low levels in the alexithymia scale. Our findings supported the notion that interoceptive sensibility predicts emotional sensibility in social context. The results suggest that interoceptive awareness modulates intensity of subjective experience of emotion and affects personality traits concern with emotion processing.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.101
Genetic influences of neural correlates of emotional processing: Affective picture-related ERPs in female twins L.A. Olsona, E.M. Bernata, A. Colea, A. Anokhinbb Florida State University, USA b Washington University, Washington, USA
a
The late positive potential (LPP) and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components have been of great interest in research designs involving affective picture processing, where substantial work has now established that the LPP and P3 are enhanced in response to affective images, relative to neutral. However, little is known about the role of genetic factors in the determination of “affective” ERP responses involving the LPP and P3. This study used a sample of 292 young adult female twins (including monozygotic and dizygotic pairs) to estimate the heritability of the LPP and P3 in response to affective and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which were presented in a standard 6 s pictureviewing task. Consistent with previous literature, pleasant and unpleasant pictures elicited significantly larger P3 and LPP responses relative to neutral pictures. Analyses of twin data indicated significant heritability of individual differences in the amplitude of LPP and P3 components across valence categories (i.e., unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral images); however, inter-individual variability of affectneutral differences in both ERP components was largely accounted for by non-shared environmental factors. The results of the current study suggest that while overall response to images is heritable, affective reactivity as indexed by ERP components in common picture viewing paradigms is shaped predominantly by individually-specific environment and/or state-related influences, rather than genetically determined trait characteristics.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.102
401
The effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visual pattern perception B. Hallera, I. Riecanskya,b, C. Lamma a Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria b Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia In repetitive TMS (rTMS) magnetic pulses are delivered through the skull at a specific frequency or sequence. It has been suggested that low frequency (b2 Hz) rTMS (LF-rTMS) temporary impairs function of the targeted cortex. However, reports on the effects of LF-rTMS of the visual cortex of the occipital lobe on visual perception are contradictory. To investigate the effects of LF-rTMS over the occipital cortex on low-level visual pattern perception. The area targeted by rTMS involved representation of the right lower visual quadrant (left superior occipital cortex) and was identified using neuronavigation and phosphenes elicited by single TMS pulses. rTMS was applied for 15 min at 1 Hz, stimulation power was 110% of the phosphene threshold determined within the same session. The stimulus was a black-and-white squarewave grating (2.5x2.5 deg, spatial frequency 2 cpd) partially masked by a randomdot pattern (RDP) noise so that the grating's visibility was just above the threshold, which was determined for each observer prior to testing. The stimulus was displayed at the eccentricity of 5 deg in all four visual quadrants. The task was to discriminate the grating's orientation. Discrimination accuracy was assessed before and immediately following rTMS in 10 healthy adult volunteers (6 females, age: 21-39 years, mean age = 29). LF-rTMS improved discrimination in the targeted visual quadrant in 7 out of 10 subjects. The group mean effect was highest in this quadrant but was small (before rTMS: 84% correct responses, after: 86%). There was a trend towards significance in the interaction of factors time (before vs. after rTMS), half-field vertical (upper vs. lower) and halffield horizontal (left vs. right), F(1,9) = 4.02, p = 0.076, partial eta squared = 0.31, in a repeated measures ANOVA computed with the number of correct responses as the dependent variable. Form discrimination is facilitated rather than impaired by LF-rTMS of the visual cortex.
Figure: The effects of occipital LF-rTMS on visual pattern discrimination. Difference in the number of correct discrimination trials (after minus before LF-rTMS) is plotted for each subject (points) along with group mean (bars). UL: upper left quadrant, UR: upper right, LL: lower left, LR: lower right. The occipital cortical representation of LR was targeted by LF-rTMS.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.103