- Email: [email protected]
The effect of music therapy on psychological signs and pain in women with breast cancer
28
Abstracts / Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy 3 (2017) 2e30
SHH binds to the Patched receptor, PATCH naturally inhibits a transmembrane protein called SMO. When SHh is connected to ptch, the inhibitor of the protein smo is removed and with the removal of this inhibitor, an intracellular signaling cascade is waged and activates the expression of transcription factors. The Notch signaling pathway controls the renewal process of the epithelial cells in mammary glands and cancer stem cells. The Notch signaling pathway relies on a cell-cell interaction. The Notch receptors are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and tumorigenesis. There are 4 types of receptors Notch 1-4 and 5 ligand Jagged 1-2 and DLL 1, 2, 4 in mammalian. After connection of protein Notch to the ligand and activation of Notch in the extracellular field, a part of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) is cut by a protease called presenilin 1 and leads to release of NICD from plasma membrane and then, NICD is introduced into nucleus and together with the transcription factor CSL influences on the expression of its target genes. Considering the characteristics of the stem cells, one of the existing challenges is to identify the cancer stem cells among the tumor cells. In this regard, identifying the signaling pathways is important for diagnosis as well as therapy.
Shokoufeh Sharafi. Department of Khorram Abad Nursing, Lorestan Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran E-mail address: [email protected]
Extended Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Unfortunately, in Iran the average age of women with breast cancer is low. Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological reactions in women with breast cancer. On the other hand, pain impacts the patient's general quality of life. Drugs for anxiety and depression have psychological and physiological side effects, affecting the daily activities of individuals. Also, the use of these drugs can lead to tolerance and dependence. Willing to use non-pharmacological methods to relieve psychological symptoms is rising. One of these methods is music therapy. Music improves physical, psychological and cognitive diseases and is used in different sectors, especially in general and psychiatric hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Music therapy is an effective intervention for stress, irritability, feelings of loneliness, bad mood and can create a state of relaxation. Music therapy could have the potential to be a cost effective, safe, nonpharmacologic tool for lowering pain and anxiety in breast cancer patients. The first author conducted the literature search using HIB, SID, Irandoc,
Fig. 1. Hedgehog signaling pathway (a), Notch signaling pathway (b), Wnt signaling pathway (c).Ă
Keywords: Signaling pathways, Stem cells, Tumorigenesis. THE EFFECT OF MUSIC THERAPY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS AND PAIN IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
iranmedex, googl scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and WorldCat Dissertations databases. A comprehensive list of keywords were used, including “music,” “music therapy,” “music intervention, psychological signs (anxity, depression), cancer,” “neoplasm,” and “malignancy.” For databases allowing a more advanced search, articles were restricted to
Abstracts / Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy 3 (2017) 2e30
RCTs. The following inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to select articles: (a) used an RCT design,(b) tested a music intervention, (c) used an adult population (defined as a minimum age of 18 years) with a current cancer diagnosis, (d) assessed a measurable anxiety outcome, (e) used validated measures, (f) published in English or capable of being translated, and (g) accessible in full text. Validated measures consisted of those that have undergone psychometric evaluation with demonstrated sensitivity and specificity. The study showed evidence that music therapy can decrease psychological signs and pain levels. All articles that investigated the effect of music therapy on psychological signs levels in breast cancer patients found a significant lowering in psychological signs levels in the patients that received music therapy compared to the control groups. Li et al and BinnsTurner found that there was a significant lowering in pain in the music therapy groups as compared to the control groups. Kane reported that music “fills the ears of the perturbed patient with agreeable sounds and his mind with other thoughts than that of his present danger. ” Zhao et al, showed significantly less anxiety in the experimental group. Due to the psychological and physiological side effects of drugs, music can be used to soothe and alleviate some states such as anxiety, depression and also for relaxation. The best time to carry out is during the procedure, with an emphasis on instrumental relaxing music with 60 to 80 beats per minute, concentrated by headphones or audio equipment such as sound pillows. Keywords: Music Therapy, Anxity, Depression, Pain, Breast Cancer. CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM NEMATOCYST CARPET ANEMONE AGAINST MD-MBA231 CELL LINE IN VITRO Ziba Moghadasi a, *, Shahla Jamili a,b, Delavar Shahbazzadeh c, Kamran Pooshang Bagheri c, Nariman Mosaffa d. a Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; b Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iran; c Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Dept., Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; d Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Moghadasi).
Extended Abstract Chemotherapy is still one of the main solutions for cancer. During the past decade, many studies have been focused on novel drugs from marine animals. Carpet anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni is an ocean dwelling sedentary organism belongs to the family of Stichodactylidae. These families contain specialized cells called nematocysts that produce venom for defense/offence purposes. The current study was aimed to determine the anticancer activities of crude venom from tentacles the Persian Gulf sea anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni on breast cancer. Stichodactyla haddoni was collected manually from coastal waters of Lark Island, Persian Gulf. The specimen was kept in -20 C and transferred to Venom Laboratory at Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran. Tentacles were removed from base by a sterile scalpel, trimmed to small pieces for venom extraction. Concentration of crude venom was determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. For determinate protein profile, Sodium Dodecyl Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out according to standard method. The breast cancer cells (MDA- MB-231) were seeded in tissue culture flasks with 10% FBS and 100U/microgram penicillin/ streptomycin and incubated at 37 C, 5% CO2, and 80% humidity. After 24 h incubation, cells were exposed to serial amounts of crude venom ranged from 100 to 0.78mg/ml and incubated for 24 h at 37 C. MTT (5mg/ml in PBS) was added to each well (10mL MTT/90mL medium) and the plates were incubated at 37 C for 4h and then 100mL DMSO was added to each well. Plates were shaked in dark room for 10 minutes. Finally the absorbance was measured on a micro plate spectrophotometer at 570nm. The percentage of cell death was calculated. SDS-PAGE results showed about 12 separate bands and molecular weight of observed proteins ranged approximately from 8 to 250 kDa. Crude extract of S. haddoni could inhibit
29
significantly breast cancer cell line. IC50 of crude venom against breast cancer was observed at 3.125mg/ml. Our results was in accordance with other previous studies that showed sea anemones Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, Entacmaea quadricolor, Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, Heteractis malu venom had significant inhibitory effect on human cancer cell line. A recombinant Src I from the sea anemone Sagartia rosea exhibited cytotoxic activity on human astrocytoma, NSCLC, liver carcinoma and Swiss mouse embryo cells). Cline et al, showed that crude extract from the sea anemone Urticina piscivora inhibited oral human epidermoid carcinoma cells, and mouse lymphocyte leukemia cells. Further research about these compounds is essential to provide new anticancer drugs. Keywords: Cytotoxic effect, Nematocyst, MD-MBA231 cell line THE EFFECT OF SPIRITUAL SUPPORT ON CAREGIVER'S STRESS OF CHILDREN AGED 8e12 WITH LEUKEMIA HOSPITALIZED IN DOCTOR SHEIKH HOSPITAL IN MASHHAD Elham Zafarian Moghaddam, Hamidreza Behnam Vashani*, Tayebeh Reihani, Saeed Namazi Zadegan. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (H.B. Vashani).
Extended Abstract Cancer is considered as one of the commonest diseases in the world. The reports of the Health International Organization show that cancer will increase in the upcoming decades. Leukemia is the cancer of blood and the commonest cancer during the childhood. It accounts for 41 % of all malignancy in children less than 15 years old. The study done By MAHAK( the Institute of Protecting the Cancerous Children) in Iran demonstrates the number of children suffering from cancer in the country is 9 out of 100000 children annually. Spirituality and religion sometimes overlap in a way that both present frameworks by which a person is able to understand meaning, objective and supreme values of his or her life. Some believe that spirituality goes beyond religion and encompass other concepts such as spiritual health, tranquility and comfort caused by faith and spiritual conformity. Spirituality and religious acts are effective in promoting mental health, and in fact praying, generosity and daily spiritual experiences can predict the status of mental health. The people enjoying spiritual health are considered strong and mighty and possess authority and social protection. Spirituality bestows hope and the value of life to the family caregivers of the patients with acute disease, giving them a sense of balance in their lives, helping them to cope with the disease of the person suffering from it. Looking after a person suffering from a chronic disease can cause a lot of stress for a caregiver and the patient's family. Caregivers are susceptible especially to stress, since biological, social and mental needs of the patient precede their own needs. Diagnosing cancer causes profound emotional and sentimental problems such as stress, anxiety and depression in patient and his family. Studying parents' stress is important since children with respect to their development degree can receive stress and anxiety from their parents. Because of the attention given to spirituality in health and treatment and especially spiritual care, as one of the essential duties of the nurses, in recent years and lack of sufficient investigative evidences, the investigator decided to study the effects of spiritual support of the family on the stress of caregivers of children suffering from leukemia. Caregivers of children aged 8 to 12 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia hospitalized in oncology ward of Dr. Sheikh Hospital in Mashhad were enrolled. After obtaining permission from the ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Science, researcher interviewed with caregivers and those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. After explanations about the purpose of the study, researcher talked face-to-face with caregivers for about 10 to 15 minutes. Researchers were trained by religious expert about spiritual support. Spiritual support meetings for caregivers were held by researcher and under supervising of religious experts. Before starting the sessions, DASS and spiritual health questionnaires were
Abstracts / Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy 3 (2017) 2e30
SHH binds to the Patched receptor, PATCH naturally inhibits a transmembrane protein called SMO. When SHh is connected to ptch, the inhibitor of the protein smo is removed and with the removal of this inhibitor, an intracellular signaling cascade is waged and activates the expression of transcription factors. The Notch signaling pathway controls the renewal process of the epithelial cells in mammary glands and cancer stem cells. The Notch signaling pathway relies on a cell-cell interaction. The Notch receptors are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and tumorigenesis. There are 4 types of receptors Notch 1-4 and 5 ligand Jagged 1-2 and DLL 1, 2, 4 in mammalian. After connection of protein Notch to the ligand and activation of Notch in the extracellular field, a part of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) is cut by a protease called presenilin 1 and leads to release of NICD from plasma membrane and then, NICD is introduced into nucleus and together with the transcription factor CSL influences on the expression of its target genes. Considering the characteristics of the stem cells, one of the existing challenges is to identify the cancer stem cells among the tumor cells. In this regard, identifying the signaling pathways is important for diagnosis as well as therapy.
Shokoufeh Sharafi. Department of Khorram Abad Nursing, Lorestan Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran E-mail address: [email protected]
Extended Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Unfortunately, in Iran the average age of women with breast cancer is low. Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological reactions in women with breast cancer. On the other hand, pain impacts the patient's general quality of life. Drugs for anxiety and depression have psychological and physiological side effects, affecting the daily activities of individuals. Also, the use of these drugs can lead to tolerance and dependence. Willing to use non-pharmacological methods to relieve psychological symptoms is rising. One of these methods is music therapy. Music improves physical, psychological and cognitive diseases and is used in different sectors, especially in general and psychiatric hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Music therapy is an effective intervention for stress, irritability, feelings of loneliness, bad mood and can create a state of relaxation. Music therapy could have the potential to be a cost effective, safe, nonpharmacologic tool for lowering pain and anxiety in breast cancer patients. The first author conducted the literature search using HIB, SID, Irandoc,
Fig. 1. Hedgehog signaling pathway (a), Notch signaling pathway (b), Wnt signaling pathway (c).Ă
Keywords: Signaling pathways, Stem cells, Tumorigenesis. THE EFFECT OF MUSIC THERAPY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS AND PAIN IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
iranmedex, googl scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and WorldCat Dissertations databases. A comprehensive list of keywords were used, including “music,” “music therapy,” “music intervention, psychological signs (anxity, depression), cancer,” “neoplasm,” and “malignancy.” For databases allowing a more advanced search, articles were restricted to
Abstracts / Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy 3 (2017) 2e30
RCTs. The following inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to select articles: (a) used an RCT design,(b) tested a music intervention, (c) used an adult population (defined as a minimum age of 18 years) with a current cancer diagnosis, (d) assessed a measurable anxiety outcome, (e) used validated measures, (f) published in English or capable of being translated, and (g) accessible in full text. Validated measures consisted of those that have undergone psychometric evaluation with demonstrated sensitivity and specificity. The study showed evidence that music therapy can decrease psychological signs and pain levels. All articles that investigated the effect of music therapy on psychological signs levels in breast cancer patients found a significant lowering in psychological signs levels in the patients that received music therapy compared to the control groups. Li et al and BinnsTurner found that there was a significant lowering in pain in the music therapy groups as compared to the control groups. Kane reported that music “fills the ears of the perturbed patient with agreeable sounds and his mind with other thoughts than that of his present danger. ” Zhao et al, showed significantly less anxiety in the experimental group. Due to the psychological and physiological side effects of drugs, music can be used to soothe and alleviate some states such as anxiety, depression and also for relaxation. The best time to carry out is during the procedure, with an emphasis on instrumental relaxing music with 60 to 80 beats per minute, concentrated by headphones or audio equipment such as sound pillows. Keywords: Music Therapy, Anxity, Depression, Pain, Breast Cancer. CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM NEMATOCYST CARPET ANEMONE AGAINST MD-MBA231 CELL LINE IN VITRO Ziba Moghadasi a, *, Shahla Jamili a,b, Delavar Shahbazzadeh c, Kamran Pooshang Bagheri c, Nariman Mosaffa d. a Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; b Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iran; c Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Dept., Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; d Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Moghadasi).
Extended Abstract Chemotherapy is still one of the main solutions for cancer. During the past decade, many studies have been focused on novel drugs from marine animals. Carpet anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni is an ocean dwelling sedentary organism belongs to the family of Stichodactylidae. These families contain specialized cells called nematocysts that produce venom for defense/offence purposes. The current study was aimed to determine the anticancer activities of crude venom from tentacles the Persian Gulf sea anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni on breast cancer. Stichodactyla haddoni was collected manually from coastal waters of Lark Island, Persian Gulf. The specimen was kept in -20 C and transferred to Venom Laboratory at Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran. Tentacles were removed from base by a sterile scalpel, trimmed to small pieces for venom extraction. Concentration of crude venom was determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. For determinate protein profile, Sodium Dodecyl Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out according to standard method. The breast cancer cells (MDA- MB-231) were seeded in tissue culture flasks with 10% FBS and 100U/microgram penicillin/ streptomycin and incubated at 37 C, 5% CO2, and 80% humidity. After 24 h incubation, cells were exposed to serial amounts of crude venom ranged from 100 to 0.78mg/ml and incubated for 24 h at 37 C. MTT (5mg/ml in PBS) was added to each well (10mL MTT/90mL medium) and the plates were incubated at 37 C for 4h and then 100mL DMSO was added to each well. Plates were shaked in dark room for 10 minutes. Finally the absorbance was measured on a micro plate spectrophotometer at 570nm. The percentage of cell death was calculated. SDS-PAGE results showed about 12 separate bands and molecular weight of observed proteins ranged approximately from 8 to 250 kDa. Crude extract of S. haddoni could inhibit
29
significantly breast cancer cell line. IC50 of crude venom against breast cancer was observed at 3.125mg/ml. Our results was in accordance with other previous studies that showed sea anemones Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, Entacmaea quadricolor, Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, Heteractis malu venom had significant inhibitory effect on human cancer cell line. A recombinant Src I from the sea anemone Sagartia rosea exhibited cytotoxic activity on human astrocytoma, NSCLC, liver carcinoma and Swiss mouse embryo cells). Cline et al, showed that crude extract from the sea anemone Urticina piscivora inhibited oral human epidermoid carcinoma cells, and mouse lymphocyte leukemia cells. Further research about these compounds is essential to provide new anticancer drugs. Keywords: Cytotoxic effect, Nematocyst, MD-MBA231 cell line THE EFFECT OF SPIRITUAL SUPPORT ON CAREGIVER'S STRESS OF CHILDREN AGED 8e12 WITH LEUKEMIA HOSPITALIZED IN DOCTOR SHEIKH HOSPITAL IN MASHHAD Elham Zafarian Moghaddam, Hamidreza Behnam Vashani*, Tayebeh Reihani, Saeed Namazi Zadegan. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (H.B. Vashani).
Extended Abstract Cancer is considered as one of the commonest diseases in the world. The reports of the Health International Organization show that cancer will increase in the upcoming decades. Leukemia is the cancer of blood and the commonest cancer during the childhood. It accounts for 41 % of all malignancy in children less than 15 years old. The study done By MAHAK( the Institute of Protecting the Cancerous Children) in Iran demonstrates the number of children suffering from cancer in the country is 9 out of 100000 children annually. Spirituality and religion sometimes overlap in a way that both present frameworks by which a person is able to understand meaning, objective and supreme values of his or her life. Some believe that spirituality goes beyond religion and encompass other concepts such as spiritual health, tranquility and comfort caused by faith and spiritual conformity. Spirituality and religious acts are effective in promoting mental health, and in fact praying, generosity and daily spiritual experiences can predict the status of mental health. The people enjoying spiritual health are considered strong and mighty and possess authority and social protection. Spirituality bestows hope and the value of life to the family caregivers of the patients with acute disease, giving them a sense of balance in their lives, helping them to cope with the disease of the person suffering from it. Looking after a person suffering from a chronic disease can cause a lot of stress for a caregiver and the patient's family. Caregivers are susceptible especially to stress, since biological, social and mental needs of the patient precede their own needs. Diagnosing cancer causes profound emotional and sentimental problems such as stress, anxiety and depression in patient and his family. Studying parents' stress is important since children with respect to their development degree can receive stress and anxiety from their parents. Because of the attention given to spirituality in health and treatment and especially spiritual care, as one of the essential duties of the nurses, in recent years and lack of sufficient investigative evidences, the investigator decided to study the effects of spiritual support of the family on the stress of caregivers of children suffering from leukemia. Caregivers of children aged 8 to 12 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia hospitalized in oncology ward of Dr. Sheikh Hospital in Mashhad were enrolled. After obtaining permission from the ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Science, researcher interviewed with caregivers and those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. After explanations about the purpose of the study, researcher talked face-to-face with caregivers for about 10 to 15 minutes. Researchers were trained by religious expert about spiritual support. Spiritual support meetings for caregivers were held by researcher and under supervising of religious experts. Before starting the sessions, DASS and spiritual health questionnaires were