- Email: [email protected]
The effect of smokeless tobacco extracts on the growth of oral bacteria of the genus streptococcus
CURRENT LITERATURE Abstracts MR Imaging of the Intraparotid Facial Nerve: Normal Anatomy and Pathology. Teresi LM, Kolin E, Lufkin RB, et al. Am J Neuroradiol, March/April, 1987; Am J Radiol, May 1987
Reprint Johnson 08903.
requests to Dr. Trooskin: UMDNJ-Robert Wood Universitv ~ Hosnital. CN 19. New Brunswick. NJ I
Absorbable Gelatin Film Versus Silicone Rubber Sheeting in Orbital Fracture Treatment. Parkin JL, Stevens MH, Stringham JC. Laryngoscope 97: January 1987
The distribution of the facial nerve within the parotid gland is of major concern in the removal of parotid tumors that lie deep to the facial nerve. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the intraparotid facial nerve has become possible. Fifty-eight patients with normal parotid glands were scanned in sagittal, axial, and coronal sections. From its exit through the sylomastoid foramen, the main trunk of the facial nerve was best seen in the sagittal plane on Tl-weighted images. The major branches of the nerve were best visualized using selected angled axial images. Details of the normal anatomy of the facial nerve are presented. Three cases of parotid tumor are also presented and they demonstrate presurgically the location of the tumor mass relative to the facial nerve. The imaging information was used at the time of tumor resection to preserve the facial nerve. The authors conclude that MRI is the first imaging technique to allow direct visualization of the intraparotid facial nerve and further conclude that it can assist materially in the surgical management of tumors of the parotid gland.-S. J.
Fracture of the floor and/or walls of the orbit can result in herniation of orbital tissue with restriction of ocular motion, enophthalmos, and prolapse of the globe into the maxillary sinus. This study was designed to study the healing of experimentally produced orbital defects that had been implanted with absorbable gelatin film or silicone rubber sheeting as compared to that of orbital defects that received no implants. The defects were created in the medial orbital wall of 10 adult cats via entrance through the anterior frontal sinus wall. In the control animals, the anterior frontal sinus defect was repaired by soft tissue closure alone. In the implanted animals, silicone rubber sheeting or absorbable gelatin film was placed over the sinus wall defect. After six to nine weeks, the animals were killed and the involved areas of bone were removed for gross and histiologic examination. Both implanted animal groups showed enhancement of healing. The absorbable gelatin film showed less migration, less inflammatory response, and improved healing. This animal study supports the use of absorbable gelatin film in the surgical management of orbital fractures. -J. D. WAGNER
MCKENNA Reprint requests to Dr. Teresi: Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, BL-428, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
The Significance of Stable Patients with Sternal Fractures. Buckman R, Trooskin SZ, Flancbaum L, et al. Surg Gynecol Obstet 164: March 1987
Reprint requests to Dr. Parkin: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine. Salt Lake City. UT 84132.
The principles of management of stable patients with sternal fractures has not been well established. The hospital records of 60 patients admitted with radiographic evidence of sternal fractures were reviewed. A motor vehicle accident was the cause of the sternal fracture in 80% of the patients. Fifty-nine patients were conscious at the time of admission and all complained of chest discomfort. Local signs of sternal trauma were present in one-third of the patients. Fifty-seven percent of the patients had significant noncardiac associated injuries. Two patients underwent aortography and had negative studies. Of 52 patients that had continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring, 62% had an abnormal ECG at some time during the hospitalization; 8% of these patients had atria1 or ventricular arrhythmias requiring treatment. The admission ECG was normal in 29 of the 60 patients; three of these patients developed arrhythmias following admission. Fractures involved the sternal angle and double or communited fractures were more likely to be associated with ECG abnormalities and other major injuries. The authors conclude that local signs are not reliable in diagnosing sternal fractures. However, a lateral radiograph of the sternum will confirm the presence of a fracture. They also conclude that the ECG remains a reliable indicator of significant myocardial contusion and a normal admission ECG in a patient with a sternal fracture does not prove that the heart is uninjured. Therefore, all patients with sternal fractures should be observed in the Intensive Care Unit with continuous ECG monitoring.-S. J. MCKENNA
The Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Extracts on the Growth of Oral Bacteria of the Genus Streptococcus. Falkler WA, et al. Arch Oral Biol 32:221. 1987 Smokeless tobacco products interact with saliva and the extracted components may have an effect on oral microorganisms. The authors intended to determine if aqueous extracts of smokeless tobaccos affect the growth of oral streptococci, microorganisms associated with dental caries. Aqueous tobacco extracts were used to supplement a basic salt solution and a microbial medium. Thin-layer chromatography was used to reveal sucrose and discs saturated with extract detected growth inhibition by any of the microorganisms. Supplementation with the tobaccos lacking sucrose resulted in augmented growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococc’rrs salivaris, and Streptococcus sanguis whereas sucrose-containing brands augmented only S. sanguis growth. Thus, extracts of these smokeless tobaccos would serve as a growth substrate for three species of oral streptococci which are frequently associated with human dental caries.- J. BAMONTE Reprint requests to Dr. Falkler: Department of Microbiology. University of Maryland Dental School, 666 West Baltimore Street. Baltimore, MD 21201.
898
Reprint Johnson 08903.
requests to Dr. Trooskin: UMDNJ-Robert Wood Universitv ~ Hosnital. CN 19. New Brunswick. NJ I
Absorbable Gelatin Film Versus Silicone Rubber Sheeting in Orbital Fracture Treatment. Parkin JL, Stevens MH, Stringham JC. Laryngoscope 97: January 1987
The distribution of the facial nerve within the parotid gland is of major concern in the removal of parotid tumors that lie deep to the facial nerve. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the intraparotid facial nerve has become possible. Fifty-eight patients with normal parotid glands were scanned in sagittal, axial, and coronal sections. From its exit through the sylomastoid foramen, the main trunk of the facial nerve was best seen in the sagittal plane on Tl-weighted images. The major branches of the nerve were best visualized using selected angled axial images. Details of the normal anatomy of the facial nerve are presented. Three cases of parotid tumor are also presented and they demonstrate presurgically the location of the tumor mass relative to the facial nerve. The imaging information was used at the time of tumor resection to preserve the facial nerve. The authors conclude that MRI is the first imaging technique to allow direct visualization of the intraparotid facial nerve and further conclude that it can assist materially in the surgical management of tumors of the parotid gland.-S. J.
Fracture of the floor and/or walls of the orbit can result in herniation of orbital tissue with restriction of ocular motion, enophthalmos, and prolapse of the globe into the maxillary sinus. This study was designed to study the healing of experimentally produced orbital defects that had been implanted with absorbable gelatin film or silicone rubber sheeting as compared to that of orbital defects that received no implants. The defects were created in the medial orbital wall of 10 adult cats via entrance through the anterior frontal sinus wall. In the control animals, the anterior frontal sinus defect was repaired by soft tissue closure alone. In the implanted animals, silicone rubber sheeting or absorbable gelatin film was placed over the sinus wall defect. After six to nine weeks, the animals were killed and the involved areas of bone were removed for gross and histiologic examination. Both implanted animal groups showed enhancement of healing. The absorbable gelatin film showed less migration, less inflammatory response, and improved healing. This animal study supports the use of absorbable gelatin film in the surgical management of orbital fractures. -J. D. WAGNER
MCKENNA Reprint requests to Dr. Teresi: Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, BL-428, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
The Significance of Stable Patients with Sternal Fractures. Buckman R, Trooskin SZ, Flancbaum L, et al. Surg Gynecol Obstet 164: March 1987
Reprint requests to Dr. Parkin: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine. Salt Lake City. UT 84132.
The principles of management of stable patients with sternal fractures has not been well established. The hospital records of 60 patients admitted with radiographic evidence of sternal fractures were reviewed. A motor vehicle accident was the cause of the sternal fracture in 80% of the patients. Fifty-nine patients were conscious at the time of admission and all complained of chest discomfort. Local signs of sternal trauma were present in one-third of the patients. Fifty-seven percent of the patients had significant noncardiac associated injuries. Two patients underwent aortography and had negative studies. Of 52 patients that had continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring, 62% had an abnormal ECG at some time during the hospitalization; 8% of these patients had atria1 or ventricular arrhythmias requiring treatment. The admission ECG was normal in 29 of the 60 patients; three of these patients developed arrhythmias following admission. Fractures involved the sternal angle and double or communited fractures were more likely to be associated with ECG abnormalities and other major injuries. The authors conclude that local signs are not reliable in diagnosing sternal fractures. However, a lateral radiograph of the sternum will confirm the presence of a fracture. They also conclude that the ECG remains a reliable indicator of significant myocardial contusion and a normal admission ECG in a patient with a sternal fracture does not prove that the heart is uninjured. Therefore, all patients with sternal fractures should be observed in the Intensive Care Unit with continuous ECG monitoring.-S. J. MCKENNA
The Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Extracts on the Growth of Oral Bacteria of the Genus Streptococcus. Falkler WA, et al. Arch Oral Biol 32:221. 1987 Smokeless tobacco products interact with saliva and the extracted components may have an effect on oral microorganisms. The authors intended to determine if aqueous extracts of smokeless tobaccos affect the growth of oral streptococci, microorganisms associated with dental caries. Aqueous tobacco extracts were used to supplement a basic salt solution and a microbial medium. Thin-layer chromatography was used to reveal sucrose and discs saturated with extract detected growth inhibition by any of the microorganisms. Supplementation with the tobaccos lacking sucrose resulted in augmented growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococc’rrs salivaris, and Streptococcus sanguis whereas sucrose-containing brands augmented only S. sanguis growth. Thus, extracts of these smokeless tobaccos would serve as a growth substrate for three species of oral streptococci which are frequently associated with human dental caries.- J. BAMONTE Reprint requests to Dr. Falkler: Department of Microbiology. University of Maryland Dental School, 666 West Baltimore Street. Baltimore, MD 21201.
898