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The effect of speech aids on vocal tics
164
ABSTRACTS
in Rochester, NY, USA has initiated and maintains a specialist position in this field. This presentation will describe how the program was developed and is conducted. Topics to be discussed include administrative support, student referrals, therapy (fluency shaping, stuttering modification, and counseling), parental involvement, support groups, and transfer activities. Specific case studies will be cited. The presenter encourages attendees to share their experiences and service delivery models in their respective countries and/or school systems.
Childhood
Stuttering and Disordered
E. Conture
and M. Edwards,
Phonology
Syracuse, New York, USA
Oral Presentation: 45 min. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss theory, data, and clinical implications regarding the fact that disordered phonology is unusually prevalent in children who stutter. Theory will be used to suggest that the relationship between stuttering and disordered phonology involves a complex interaction between hypercriticalihypervigilant selfmonitoring, a slow-to-activate phonetic plan, immature phonological encoding and/or motor execution systems. Data will be presented comparing the phonological behavior of 3- to 7-year-old children who do and do not stutter, associated aspects of speech disfluencies, speaking and diadochokinetic (DDK) rates, and length and grammatical complexity of utterances. Clinically, it will be suggested that treatment of children demonstrating both problems should be carefully designed to deal with both problems and not merely decrease one at the expense of increasing the other.
Strategies for Lasting Change P. Cooke,
East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Oral Presentation: 90 min. Clinicians agree that transfer and maintenance of behaviors are critical to client success. Many professionals use the “train and hope” method, whereby the client is taught procedures to modify behaviors but receives little assistance in implementing those strategies into everyday speaking situations. This presentation will provide an alternative to this traditional passive approach to transfer and maintenance with clients who stutter. Topics will include: increasing client motivation, getting clients to practice, reducing emotionality in speaking situations, self-control techniques, training significant others as therapy adjuncts, reducing/eliminating secondary behaviors, and specific strategies for difficult situations.
The Effect of Speech Aids on Vocal Tics P. Cooke,
East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Poster Presentation Vocal tics associated with Tourette Syndrome (TS) are similar to stuttering behaviors since both involve excessive muscular effort, secondary body movements, tension, uncontrolla-
ABSTRACTS
165
ble movements, halted speech, and perseveration. This study was designed to determine if assistive devices shown to reduce stuttering behaviors can reduce vocal tics in individuals with TS. Eight adults served as subjects in an ABACADA repeated measures design. Three experimental conditions (metronome, auditory masking, and delayed feedback) with baseline (A) measures counterbalanced across subjects were used. Subjects read for three minutes with a three-minute rest period between conditions. Statistical analysis determined if differences occurred between baseline and experimental conditions.
Identifying, E. Cooper
Assessing,
and nesting
and C. Cooper,
Stuttering
Syndromes
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
Oral Presentation: 90 min. Three stuttering syndromes (developmental, remediable, and chronic perseverative) are defined and described. Procedures for differentiating between the syndromes in very young children are described as are treatment procedures to address the characteristic affective, behavioral, and cognitive components observed in each of the three syndromes described. A primary goal of the presentation is to provide listeners with clinically useful conceptualizations of the multifaceted and multidimensional realities of fluency disorders that warrant the stuttering label.
neatment
of Stuttering
with Paroxetine:
A Case Study
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
D. Costa and R. Kroll,
Oral Presentation: 15 min. This paper will report on the effect of paroxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, on stuttering in a 3%year-old male. The subject was treated with the drug in a dose of 20 mg daily in an open trial over a ten-week period. No speech therapy was provided. Results indicated a decrease in disfluency during taped conversation speech from 14.1 percent at baseline to 5.7 percent at the end of the treatment period. Moreover, self-report measures of social phobia symptoms indicated a significant decrease over the trial period.
Language
Performance
J. Cowan,
P. Howell,
and Speaker’s Attitude
and S. Sackin,
London, United Kingdom
Oral Presentation: 1.5min. Though speech measures of stuttering performance are important, it is frequently stressed that speech performance measures are not the complete picture. Though there is little that we would disagree with in this statement, the corollary is often made that speech can be disregarded and that some other measure is sufficient. In the present study, speech and attitude measures were obtained from stutterers. It is shown that there is a high correlation between attitude measures and indices of speech performance. It is argued that speech is a sensitive measure of stuttering behavior that is reactive over short periods of time and should remain the major focus of stuttering appraisal.
ABSTRACTS
in Rochester, NY, USA has initiated and maintains a specialist position in this field. This presentation will describe how the program was developed and is conducted. Topics to be discussed include administrative support, student referrals, therapy (fluency shaping, stuttering modification, and counseling), parental involvement, support groups, and transfer activities. Specific case studies will be cited. The presenter encourages attendees to share their experiences and service delivery models in their respective countries and/or school systems.
Childhood
Stuttering and Disordered
E. Conture
and M. Edwards,
Phonology
Syracuse, New York, USA
Oral Presentation: 45 min. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss theory, data, and clinical implications regarding the fact that disordered phonology is unusually prevalent in children who stutter. Theory will be used to suggest that the relationship between stuttering and disordered phonology involves a complex interaction between hypercriticalihypervigilant selfmonitoring, a slow-to-activate phonetic plan, immature phonological encoding and/or motor execution systems. Data will be presented comparing the phonological behavior of 3- to 7-year-old children who do and do not stutter, associated aspects of speech disfluencies, speaking and diadochokinetic (DDK) rates, and length and grammatical complexity of utterances. Clinically, it will be suggested that treatment of children demonstrating both problems should be carefully designed to deal with both problems and not merely decrease one at the expense of increasing the other.
Strategies for Lasting Change P. Cooke,
East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Oral Presentation: 90 min. Clinicians agree that transfer and maintenance of behaviors are critical to client success. Many professionals use the “train and hope” method, whereby the client is taught procedures to modify behaviors but receives little assistance in implementing those strategies into everyday speaking situations. This presentation will provide an alternative to this traditional passive approach to transfer and maintenance with clients who stutter. Topics will include: increasing client motivation, getting clients to practice, reducing emotionality in speaking situations, self-control techniques, training significant others as therapy adjuncts, reducing/eliminating secondary behaviors, and specific strategies for difficult situations.
The Effect of Speech Aids on Vocal Tics P. Cooke,
East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Poster Presentation Vocal tics associated with Tourette Syndrome (TS) are similar to stuttering behaviors since both involve excessive muscular effort, secondary body movements, tension, uncontrolla-
ABSTRACTS
165
ble movements, halted speech, and perseveration. This study was designed to determine if assistive devices shown to reduce stuttering behaviors can reduce vocal tics in individuals with TS. Eight adults served as subjects in an ABACADA repeated measures design. Three experimental conditions (metronome, auditory masking, and delayed feedback) with baseline (A) measures counterbalanced across subjects were used. Subjects read for three minutes with a three-minute rest period between conditions. Statistical analysis determined if differences occurred between baseline and experimental conditions.
Identifying, E. Cooper
Assessing,
and nesting
and C. Cooper,
Stuttering
Syndromes
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
Oral Presentation: 90 min. Three stuttering syndromes (developmental, remediable, and chronic perseverative) are defined and described. Procedures for differentiating between the syndromes in very young children are described as are treatment procedures to address the characteristic affective, behavioral, and cognitive components observed in each of the three syndromes described. A primary goal of the presentation is to provide listeners with clinically useful conceptualizations of the multifaceted and multidimensional realities of fluency disorders that warrant the stuttering label.
neatment
of Stuttering
with Paroxetine:
A Case Study
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
D. Costa and R. Kroll,
Oral Presentation: 15 min. This paper will report on the effect of paroxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, on stuttering in a 3%year-old male. The subject was treated with the drug in a dose of 20 mg daily in an open trial over a ten-week period. No speech therapy was provided. Results indicated a decrease in disfluency during taped conversation speech from 14.1 percent at baseline to 5.7 percent at the end of the treatment period. Moreover, self-report measures of social phobia symptoms indicated a significant decrease over the trial period.
Language
Performance
J. Cowan,
P. Howell,
and Speaker’s Attitude
and S. Sackin,
London, United Kingdom
Oral Presentation: 1.5min. Though speech measures of stuttering performance are important, it is frequently stressed that speech performance measures are not the complete picture. Though there is little that we would disagree with in this statement, the corollary is often made that speech can be disregarded and that some other measure is sufficient. In the present study, speech and attitude measures were obtained from stutterers. It is shown that there is a high correlation between attitude measures and indices of speech performance. It is argued that speech is a sensitive measure of stuttering behavior that is reactive over short periods of time and should remain the major focus of stuttering appraisal.