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The effects of analgesic drugs upon excised frog and terrapin cardiac vagus nerve
950
AMERICAN
HEART
JOURNAL
oxygen consumption and from arterial and (peripheral) venous oxygen content, the cardiac output, pulmonary circulation, and flow of blood through abnormal shunts were determined according to formulas by Van Slyke and by Bing. In the first case the venoarterial shunt was estimated as 15 per cent (0.38 liter), in the second as 50 per cent of the cardiac output (1.21 liters). HECHT. Cooper, F. W., Jr., dominal Aorta
J. W.: Ligation and Division of the Abthe Heart. Ann. Surg. 127:l (Jan.), 1948. The authors present a case report in which excision of the bifurcation of the aorta was necessitated by erosion of a portion of the vessel by a foreign body within its lumen. The patient had sustained a penetrating gunshot wound of the left arm and chest, and subsequently x-ray examination revealed a 45 caliber bullet at the bifurcation of the aorta. The missile was removed surgically from the vessel, and the aorta was ligated below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. An uneventful recovery occurred with a gradual increase in the circulation of the lower extremities. It was the opinion of the authors that the good therapeutic result was due to the fact that the occlusion of the aorta, initiated by the foreign body, occurred over a period of several weeks, and that consequently an adequate collateral circulation had developed in the interval. Since the skin temperature of the toes actually increased after operation, it was felt that the procedure had removed a source of irritation of the arterial wall and hence eliminated the reflex vasoconstriction which results from such a condition. ABRAMSoN. Segre,
G.: therap.
Harris, M. for Metallie
On the Mechanism 75:227 (Jan.), 1948.
H., and Embolus
Kahn, From
of Digitalis
Action.
Arch.
internat.
de pharmacodyn.
et de
The glucose metabolism of intact and hemolyzed horse erythrocytes is influenced by digitalis and by strophanthin in pharmacologically active concentrations. A decrease in glucose uptake is noted together with an increase in oxidation of lactic acid. The action is unimpaired and oxidation to lactic acid occurs in the presence of carbon monoxide and of cyanide. It is argued that the digitalis bodies act like a coenzyme and that they participate in glucose metabolism in the absence of coenzymase. It is assumed that these compounds may act as hydrogen carriers in an oxidation-reduction system. HECHT. Farah,
A., and Maresh, G.: Determination of the Doses of Cardiac Glycosides in the Heart-Lung col. & Exper. Therap. 92:32 (Jan.), 1948.
Therapeutic Preparation
Irregularity of the Dog.
and Lethal J. Pharma-
‘The authors found that on a molar basis the cardiac glycosides have the following order of decreasing potency: g-strophanthin, digoxin, digitoxin, oleandrin, and lanatoside B. The average ratios of irregularity dose to therapeutic dose, and lethal to therapeutic dose were the same for These findings differ from other reports in which other methods and all five glycosides studied. preparations were used. GODFREY. Gruber, and
C. M., Terrapin
and Keyser, G. F.: The Effects of Analgesic Cardiac Vague Nerve. J. Pharmacol. & Exper.
Drugs Upon Excised Therap. 92:59 (Jan.),
Frog 1948.
Racemates A and B of 1-amino-1-phthalidylpropane hydrochloride, aminopyrine, antipyrine, and acetanilid were studied. The cardiac rate and contraction were measured. Racemates A and B when applied to the perfused frog heart decreased cardiac contraction and rate. The results All drugs studied decreased the response of the with aminopyrine and antipyrine were variable. heart to stimulation of the cardiac vagus nerve (terrapin). Racemate A was found to be twice GODFREY. as toxic to the heart as Racemate B. Farah,
The A., and Maresh, G.: Renal and Cardiac Circulatory Therap. 92:73 (Jan.), 1948.
In animals
a well-controlled of two species
Influence Changes
series of experiments (rabbit and dog) were
of Sulfhydryl Compounds on Diuresis and Caused by Mersalyl. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. in which both anesthetized used, the authors demonstrated
and unanesthetized that the diuresis
AMERICAN
HEART
JOURNAL
oxygen consumption and from arterial and (peripheral) venous oxygen content, the cardiac output, pulmonary circulation, and flow of blood through abnormal shunts were determined according to formulas by Van Slyke and by Bing. In the first case the venoarterial shunt was estimated as 15 per cent (0.38 liter), in the second as 50 per cent of the cardiac output (1.21 liters). HECHT. Cooper, F. W., Jr., dominal Aorta
J. W.: Ligation and Division of the Abthe Heart. Ann. Surg. 127:l (Jan.), 1948. The authors present a case report in which excision of the bifurcation of the aorta was necessitated by erosion of a portion of the vessel by a foreign body within its lumen. The patient had sustained a penetrating gunshot wound of the left arm and chest, and subsequently x-ray examination revealed a 45 caliber bullet at the bifurcation of the aorta. The missile was removed surgically from the vessel, and the aorta was ligated below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. An uneventful recovery occurred with a gradual increase in the circulation of the lower extremities. It was the opinion of the authors that the good therapeutic result was due to the fact that the occlusion of the aorta, initiated by the foreign body, occurred over a period of several weeks, and that consequently an adequate collateral circulation had developed in the interval. Since the skin temperature of the toes actually increased after operation, it was felt that the procedure had removed a source of irritation of the arterial wall and hence eliminated the reflex vasoconstriction which results from such a condition. ABRAMSoN. Segre,
G.: therap.
Harris, M. for Metallie
On the Mechanism 75:227 (Jan.), 1948.
H., and Embolus
Kahn, From
of Digitalis
Action.
Arch.
internat.
de pharmacodyn.
et de
The glucose metabolism of intact and hemolyzed horse erythrocytes is influenced by digitalis and by strophanthin in pharmacologically active concentrations. A decrease in glucose uptake is noted together with an increase in oxidation of lactic acid. The action is unimpaired and oxidation to lactic acid occurs in the presence of carbon monoxide and of cyanide. It is argued that the digitalis bodies act like a coenzyme and that they participate in glucose metabolism in the absence of coenzymase. It is assumed that these compounds may act as hydrogen carriers in an oxidation-reduction system. HECHT. Farah,
A., and Maresh, G.: Determination of the Doses of Cardiac Glycosides in the Heart-Lung col. & Exper. Therap. 92:32 (Jan.), 1948.
Therapeutic Preparation
Irregularity of the Dog.
and Lethal J. Pharma-
‘The authors found that on a molar basis the cardiac glycosides have the following order of decreasing potency: g-strophanthin, digoxin, digitoxin, oleandrin, and lanatoside B. The average ratios of irregularity dose to therapeutic dose, and lethal to therapeutic dose were the same for These findings differ from other reports in which other methods and all five glycosides studied. preparations were used. GODFREY. Gruber, and
C. M., Terrapin
and Keyser, G. F.: The Effects of Analgesic Cardiac Vague Nerve. J. Pharmacol. & Exper.
Drugs Upon Excised Therap. 92:59 (Jan.),
Frog 1948.
Racemates A and B of 1-amino-1-phthalidylpropane hydrochloride, aminopyrine, antipyrine, and acetanilid were studied. The cardiac rate and contraction were measured. Racemates A and B when applied to the perfused frog heart decreased cardiac contraction and rate. The results All drugs studied decreased the response of the with aminopyrine and antipyrine were variable. heart to stimulation of the cardiac vagus nerve (terrapin). Racemate A was found to be twice GODFREY. as toxic to the heart as Racemate B. Farah,
The A., and Maresh, G.: Renal and Cardiac Circulatory Therap. 92:73 (Jan.), 1948.
In animals
a well-controlled of two species
Influence Changes
series of experiments (rabbit and dog) were
of Sulfhydryl Compounds on Diuresis and Caused by Mersalyl. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. in which both anesthetized used, the authors demonstrated
and unanesthetized that the diuresis