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The electronic structure of point defects
NUCLEAR
INSTRUMENTS
AND
METHODS
IO 5 ( I 9 7 2 )
617;
©
NORTH-HOLLAND
PUBLISHING
CO.
BOOK REVIEWS The Electronic Structure o f Point Defects, G. K. WERTHEIM et al. ( N o r t h - H o l l a n d Publ. Co., A m s t e r d a m , 1971) Dfl. 65.00, pp. 222. This fourth v o l u m e in the series " D e f e c t s in crystalline solids" deals with two microscopic methods: M 6 s s b a u e r spectroscopy a n d electron spin resonance. Both m e t h o d s can be used to reveal the electronic structure o f p o i n t defects in crystals. In cases where the centres u n d e r s t u d y contain unpaired electrons or holes the electronic structure can be investigated in great detail by E S R a n d E N D O R a n d the m a i n part o f the b o o k (pp. 87 - 222) is devoted to these two m e t h o d s a n d the physical quantities a n d p h e n o m e n a which can be obtained f r o m such spectra. T h e latter includes crystal field effects, relaxation, impurity centers o f F, V, U2 a n d A types, etc. Experimental results obtained so far are s u m m a r i z e d in the areas o f colour centres, p a r a m a g n e t i c defects in II-VI g r o u p c o m p o u n d s , semic o n d u c t i n g c o m p o u n d s , group IV elements a n d c o m p o u n d s , a n d " o t h e r crystals" (including perovshites, spinels a n d garnets).
Mathematical Theory o f Transport Processes in Gases, J. H. FERZIGER a n d H. G. KAPER ( N o r t h - H o l l a n d Publ. Co., A m s t e r d a m , 1972) pp. 579, Dfl. 120.00. T h e b o o k offers m o r e or less a complete theory for deriving t r a n s p o r t properties o f gases from first principles. Both neutral gases a n d ionized gases are discussed, and, for the neutral gases, the theory o f m o n o a t o m i c as well as polyatomic gases is covered. T h e principal results o f these investigations are based on Boltzm a n n ' s equation for a dilute gas; however, extensions into the areas o f dense gases a n d rarefied gases are also given. T h e present v o l u m e m a y be regarded as a m o d e r n i z e d version a n d extension, with regard to recent work, o f the s t a n d a r d work on the kinetic theory o f gases, " T h e m a t h e m a t i c a l theory o f n o n - u n i f o r m g a s e s " by S. C h a p m a n a n d T. G. Cowling ( C a m bridge University Press, L o n d o n , 193911952) a n d o f " T h e molecular theory o f gases a n d liquids" by J. O. Hirschfelder, C. F. Curtiss a n d R. B. Bird (J. Wiley, N e w York, 1954). T h e first o f these b o o k s does n o t e m p h a s i z e the calculation o f transport properties sufficiently a n d m a y be rather difficult as a text
617
M/Sssbauer spectroscopy h a s been used in a large n u m b e r of situations where the nucleus is a useful probe for s-electron charge density or a s y m m e t r y o f electric fields at the impurity site (and in the case o f magnetic substances, also for magnetic interactions). F u r t h e r m o r e , the very probability for the M 0 s s b a u e r effect is a piece o f i n f o r m a t i o n quite i m p o r t a n t in the study o f the interaction o f an impurity with its environment. M 6 s s b a u e r spectroscopy can be used to s t u d y radiation d a m a g e , plastic d e f o r m a t i o n or ionization effects leading to lattice defects. O n e an also find discussions in this v o l u m e on h o w impurities associate with defects in n o n - m e t a l s a n d how impurities in f e r r o m a g n e t s can be investigated by studying effects on the impurities themselves as well as on the h o s t metals (pp. 1 - 85). Both sections are a m p l y supplied with illustrative examples a n d references. T h e reference lists are arranged according to subject as well as authors, which adds to the value o f the volume. E. KARLSSON
for the students, whereas the second o f the m e n t i o n e d books discusses the calculation o f the t r a n s p o r t properties thoroughly b u t compresses the theory unnecessarily. T h e aim of the a u t h o r s o f the present b o o k h a s been to retain the best features o f these works in a f o r m well suited for graduate students in the fields of aeronautical a n d mechanical engineering a n d also for chemical engineers, w h o all attended the course, given at Stanford University, the o u t c o m e o f which is this book. Ferziger a n d K a p e r have succeeded extremely well a n d the new b o o k can be recomm e n d e d n o t only to the above m e n t i o n e d engineering students b u t also for p l a s m a physicists a n d astrophysicists who will certainly find interesting lines o f t h o u g h t for new developments a n d applications in their particular activities. The material is exceedingly clearly presented a n d gives a detailed account o f the early a n d n o w s t a n d a r d work in the field as well as o f new contributions to the theory. It also contains an extensive list of references including the m o s t i m p o r t a n t works in this area f r o m the days o f Maxwell a n d Boltzmann. H. WILHELMSSON
INSTRUMENTS
AND
METHODS
IO 5 ( I 9 7 2 )
617;
©
NORTH-HOLLAND
PUBLISHING
CO.
BOOK REVIEWS The Electronic Structure o f Point Defects, G. K. WERTHEIM et al. ( N o r t h - H o l l a n d Publ. Co., A m s t e r d a m , 1971) Dfl. 65.00, pp. 222. This fourth v o l u m e in the series " D e f e c t s in crystalline solids" deals with two microscopic methods: M 6 s s b a u e r spectroscopy a n d electron spin resonance. Both m e t h o d s can be used to reveal the electronic structure o f p o i n t defects in crystals. In cases where the centres u n d e r s t u d y contain unpaired electrons or holes the electronic structure can be investigated in great detail by E S R a n d E N D O R a n d the m a i n part o f the b o o k (pp. 87 - 222) is devoted to these two m e t h o d s a n d the physical quantities a n d p h e n o m e n a which can be obtained f r o m such spectra. T h e latter includes crystal field effects, relaxation, impurity centers o f F, V, U2 a n d A types, etc. Experimental results obtained so far are s u m m a r i z e d in the areas o f colour centres, p a r a m a g n e t i c defects in II-VI g r o u p c o m p o u n d s , semic o n d u c t i n g c o m p o u n d s , group IV elements a n d c o m p o u n d s , a n d " o t h e r crystals" (including perovshites, spinels a n d garnets).
Mathematical Theory o f Transport Processes in Gases, J. H. FERZIGER a n d H. G. KAPER ( N o r t h - H o l l a n d Publ. Co., A m s t e r d a m , 1972) pp. 579, Dfl. 120.00. T h e b o o k offers m o r e or less a complete theory for deriving t r a n s p o r t properties o f gases from first principles. Both neutral gases a n d ionized gases are discussed, and, for the neutral gases, the theory o f m o n o a t o m i c as well as polyatomic gases is covered. T h e principal results o f these investigations are based on Boltzm a n n ' s equation for a dilute gas; however, extensions into the areas o f dense gases a n d rarefied gases are also given. T h e present v o l u m e m a y be regarded as a m o d e r n i z e d version a n d extension, with regard to recent work, o f the s t a n d a r d work on the kinetic theory o f gases, " T h e m a t h e m a t i c a l theory o f n o n - u n i f o r m g a s e s " by S. C h a p m a n a n d T. G. Cowling ( C a m bridge University Press, L o n d o n , 193911952) a n d o f " T h e molecular theory o f gases a n d liquids" by J. O. Hirschfelder, C. F. Curtiss a n d R. B. Bird (J. Wiley, N e w York, 1954). T h e first o f these b o o k s does n o t e m p h a s i z e the calculation o f transport properties sufficiently a n d m a y be rather difficult as a text
617
M/Sssbauer spectroscopy h a s been used in a large n u m b e r of situations where the nucleus is a useful probe for s-electron charge density or a s y m m e t r y o f electric fields at the impurity site (and in the case o f magnetic substances, also for magnetic interactions). F u r t h e r m o r e , the very probability for the M 0 s s b a u e r effect is a piece o f i n f o r m a t i o n quite i m p o r t a n t in the study o f the interaction o f an impurity with its environment. M 6 s s b a u e r spectroscopy can be used to s t u d y radiation d a m a g e , plastic d e f o r m a t i o n or ionization effects leading to lattice defects. O n e an also find discussions in this v o l u m e on h o w impurities associate with defects in n o n - m e t a l s a n d how impurities in f e r r o m a g n e t s can be investigated by studying effects on the impurities themselves as well as on the h o s t metals (pp. 1 - 85). Both sections are a m p l y supplied with illustrative examples a n d references. T h e reference lists are arranged according to subject as well as authors, which adds to the value o f the volume. E. KARLSSON
for the students, whereas the second o f the m e n t i o n e d books discusses the calculation o f the t r a n s p o r t properties thoroughly b u t compresses the theory unnecessarily. T h e aim of the a u t h o r s o f the present b o o k h a s been to retain the best features o f these works in a f o r m well suited for graduate students in the fields of aeronautical a n d mechanical engineering a n d also for chemical engineers, w h o all attended the course, given at Stanford University, the o u t c o m e o f which is this book. Ferziger a n d K a p e r have succeeded extremely well a n d the new b o o k can be recomm e n d e d n o t only to the above m e n t i o n e d engineering students b u t also for p l a s m a physicists a n d astrophysicists who will certainly find interesting lines o f t h o u g h t for new developments a n d applications in their particular activities. The material is exceedingly clearly presented a n d gives a detailed account o f the early a n d n o w s t a n d a r d work in the field as well as o f new contributions to the theory. It also contains an extensive list of references including the m o s t i m p o r t a n t works in this area f r o m the days o f Maxwell a n d Boltzmann. H. WILHELMSSON