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The elusive criterion validity of Ability Emotional Intelligence in adolescents
Abstracts
The elusive criterion validity of Ability Emotional Intelligence in adolescents D. Rodrigo-Ruiz, J. Cejudo, J. Pérez-González According to the greatest meta-analysis on the relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and health indicators (i.e., Martins et al., 2010), trait EI is a strong predictor of health, especially when it is measured via the TEIQue, while ability EI (at least when it is measured through the MSCEIT) seems to be a weak predictor. But alternative measures of ability EI such as the STEU and the STEM has been developed as promising new assessment instruments of the construct, which measures the branches 3th and 4th of the Mayer & Salovey's (1997) model of ability EI. In a sample of 250 adolescents we explored the criterion validity of the short forms of the Spanish adaptations of the STEU and STEM, with mental health (MH-5) and life satisfaction (SWLS) as criteria. We also measured trait EI (TEIQue-ASF) and fluid intelligence (PMA-R). According to Martins et al. (2010), our results confirmed trait EI as a predictor of both mental health and life satisfaction, but fluid intelligence and ability EI failed to predict any of these criteria. A moderate but unexpected correlation between trait EI and branch 4th of ability EI was found (r=.32). In line with trait EI theory (Petrides, 2011), trait EI was uncorrelated with fluid intelligence, as a proof of divergent validity of trait EI. Instead, ability EI moderately correlated with fluid intelligence (r=.24), although this correlation was only confirmed concerning the STEU-ASF in males. In short, the STEU-ASF and the STEM-YV showed no predictive power on mental health and wellbeing, failing to show criterion validity, but they showed convergent validity with fluid intelligence. Anyway, critics might think it is not clear yet if the higher predictive power of trait EI here depends on the variance shared by the common method between predictor and criterion. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.280
Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying individual differences in speed and accuracy of face versus object cognition H.N. Rostami, A. Hildebrandt, G. Ouyang, C. Zhou, W. Sommer Face cognition is a crucial human ability with a high impact on everyday social life. Individual differences in the accuracy and speed of perceiving and remembering faces as compared to non-facial objects have been shown on the behavioral level, but neural mechanisms underlying these differences have rarely been investigated. In order to determine the neurocognitive processes that contribute to individual differences on the behavioral level, electroencephalography (EEG) is an excellent tool because it measures neural brain activity with high temporal resolution. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with specific speed (easy) and accuracy (difficult) tasks of face and object perception and memory on both EEG and psychometric levels, including N = 220 participants. Instead of using conventional event related potentials (ERPs), averaged over all single-trials, a method called Residue Iteration Decomposition (RIDE) will be used to extract ERP components. This method can improve ERP component measures in terms of latency and amplitude because it overcomes the smearing of time-variable subcomponents characteristic of most conventional ERP work. Relating ERP components with psychometric task performance by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) we will show central processing related ERPs to be stronger related to performance accuracy as compared with measures of speed. Results will be discussed in terms of contributions of quality and quantity of the information processing steps to psychometric performance speed vs. accuracy. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.281
511
Paternal personality traits and parent-child relationships I.E. Rzhanova, O.S. Alekseeva, A.Y. Fominykh The results of studying interactions between paternal personality and the main parameters of parental relations with children are presented. 309 fathers and 618 siblings from two-child families took part in the study. Level of intellectual development was determined using Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Parent-child relationships were evaluated using Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire. Personality traits were evaluated using EPI, Sensation Seeking Scale and Locus of control inventory. The interactions between the parameters of parental style and the paternal personality are found out. Fathers with high internality and low neuroticism demonstrate positive and harmonious relationships with children.Correlations between fathers’ and sibling traits indicated that paternal neuroticism was related to siblings’ IQ. It was found positive correlations between sibling IQ scores and fathers’ level of neuroticism. Paternal control and confidence linked to siblings’ locus of control and IQ.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.282
Sudden Gains in Integrated Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy For Comorbid Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders V. Sabo, I. Milosevic During a single between-session interval of psychological treatment, select individuals may experience a sudden and significant decline in symptom severity accounting for a large portion of overall symptom reduction. Noted in a variety of treatments for mood and anxiety disorders, sudden gains (SG) have been associated with superior posttreatment outcomes, and a lower likelihood of reversal upon follow-up. The current study sought to replicate SG findings in anxiety and depression in the context of comorbidity, while characterizing the incidences and outcomes of SGs for the first time in substance use disorders. SGs were examined over the course of a 12-week integrated group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with a comorbid mood and/or anxiety and substance use disorder. A total of 58.6% of participants experienced at least one SG during treatment, with at least one gain in depressive, anxiety, stress, and problematic substance use symptoms experienced by 10.3%, 17.2%, 41.4%, and 27.6% participants, respectively. Individuals who experienced SGs did not differ in pre- to post-treatment symptom reduction from those who did not experience SGs. Findings provide support for SGs as a more general phenomenon unspecific to depression and anxiety, and promoted by non-specific factors in treatment. Findings may also suggest outcomes associated with SG are dampened by the presence of concurrent disorders. This study has contributed to the growing body of research attempting to characterize the presence and impact of SGs. Continual research on this topic is imperative to confirm the clinical presence and significance of sudden gain phenomenon. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.283
Does cognitive appraisal moderate the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies? A short-term longitudinal study R. Sakakibara Effective emotion regulation is important for maintaining psychological well-being. Recent studies pay attention to and investigate the factors which moderate the effect of emotion regulation strategies. This study examined whether cognitive appraisal moderates the effects of
The elusive criterion validity of Ability Emotional Intelligence in adolescents D. Rodrigo-Ruiz, J. Cejudo, J. Pérez-González According to the greatest meta-analysis on the relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and health indicators (i.e., Martins et al., 2010), trait EI is a strong predictor of health, especially when it is measured via the TEIQue, while ability EI (at least when it is measured through the MSCEIT) seems to be a weak predictor. But alternative measures of ability EI such as the STEU and the STEM has been developed as promising new assessment instruments of the construct, which measures the branches 3th and 4th of the Mayer & Salovey's (1997) model of ability EI. In a sample of 250 adolescents we explored the criterion validity of the short forms of the Spanish adaptations of the STEU and STEM, with mental health (MH-5) and life satisfaction (SWLS) as criteria. We also measured trait EI (TEIQue-ASF) and fluid intelligence (PMA-R). According to Martins et al. (2010), our results confirmed trait EI as a predictor of both mental health and life satisfaction, but fluid intelligence and ability EI failed to predict any of these criteria. A moderate but unexpected correlation between trait EI and branch 4th of ability EI was found (r=.32). In line with trait EI theory (Petrides, 2011), trait EI was uncorrelated with fluid intelligence, as a proof of divergent validity of trait EI. Instead, ability EI moderately correlated with fluid intelligence (r=.24), although this correlation was only confirmed concerning the STEU-ASF in males. In short, the STEU-ASF and the STEM-YV showed no predictive power on mental health and wellbeing, failing to show criterion validity, but they showed convergent validity with fluid intelligence. Anyway, critics might think it is not clear yet if the higher predictive power of trait EI here depends on the variance shared by the common method between predictor and criterion. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.280
Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying individual differences in speed and accuracy of face versus object cognition H.N. Rostami, A. Hildebrandt, G. Ouyang, C. Zhou, W. Sommer Face cognition is a crucial human ability with a high impact on everyday social life. Individual differences in the accuracy and speed of perceiving and remembering faces as compared to non-facial objects have been shown on the behavioral level, but neural mechanisms underlying these differences have rarely been investigated. In order to determine the neurocognitive processes that contribute to individual differences on the behavioral level, electroencephalography (EEG) is an excellent tool because it measures neural brain activity with high temporal resolution. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with specific speed (easy) and accuracy (difficult) tasks of face and object perception and memory on both EEG and psychometric levels, including N = 220 participants. Instead of using conventional event related potentials (ERPs), averaged over all single-trials, a method called Residue Iteration Decomposition (RIDE) will be used to extract ERP components. This method can improve ERP component measures in terms of latency and amplitude because it overcomes the smearing of time-variable subcomponents characteristic of most conventional ERP work. Relating ERP components with psychometric task performance by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) we will show central processing related ERPs to be stronger related to performance accuracy as compared with measures of speed. Results will be discussed in terms of contributions of quality and quantity of the information processing steps to psychometric performance speed vs. accuracy. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.281
511
Paternal personality traits and parent-child relationships I.E. Rzhanova, O.S. Alekseeva, A.Y. Fominykh The results of studying interactions between paternal personality and the main parameters of parental relations with children are presented. 309 fathers and 618 siblings from two-child families took part in the study. Level of intellectual development was determined using Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Parent-child relationships were evaluated using Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire. Personality traits were evaluated using EPI, Sensation Seeking Scale and Locus of control inventory. The interactions between the parameters of parental style and the paternal personality are found out. Fathers with high internality and low neuroticism demonstrate positive and harmonious relationships with children.Correlations between fathers’ and sibling traits indicated that paternal neuroticism was related to siblings’ IQ. It was found positive correlations between sibling IQ scores and fathers’ level of neuroticism. Paternal control and confidence linked to siblings’ locus of control and IQ.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.282
Sudden Gains in Integrated Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy For Comorbid Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders V. Sabo, I. Milosevic During a single between-session interval of psychological treatment, select individuals may experience a sudden and significant decline in symptom severity accounting for a large portion of overall symptom reduction. Noted in a variety of treatments for mood and anxiety disorders, sudden gains (SG) have been associated with superior posttreatment outcomes, and a lower likelihood of reversal upon follow-up. The current study sought to replicate SG findings in anxiety and depression in the context of comorbidity, while characterizing the incidences and outcomes of SGs for the first time in substance use disorders. SGs were examined over the course of a 12-week integrated group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with a comorbid mood and/or anxiety and substance use disorder. A total of 58.6% of participants experienced at least one SG during treatment, with at least one gain in depressive, anxiety, stress, and problematic substance use symptoms experienced by 10.3%, 17.2%, 41.4%, and 27.6% participants, respectively. Individuals who experienced SGs did not differ in pre- to post-treatment symptom reduction from those who did not experience SGs. Findings provide support for SGs as a more general phenomenon unspecific to depression and anxiety, and promoted by non-specific factors in treatment. Findings may also suggest outcomes associated with SG are dampened by the presence of concurrent disorders. This study has contributed to the growing body of research attempting to characterize the presence and impact of SGs. Continual research on this topic is imperative to confirm the clinical presence and significance of sudden gain phenomenon. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.283
Does cognitive appraisal moderate the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies? A short-term longitudinal study R. Sakakibara Effective emotion regulation is important for maintaining psychological well-being. Recent studies pay attention to and investigate the factors which moderate the effect of emotion regulation strategies. This study examined whether cognitive appraisal moderates the effects of