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The feasibility of tree planting on landfill containment sites
Selected abstracts 93Z/00033 Steget fore i det glomda iandet (The project One Step Ahead in the forgotten lands) M. Karstrom, Svensk Botanisk Tidskrifl, 86(3), 1992, pp 115-146. The forests of H Sweden are a refuge for many plants. Riverine spruce forest and coniferous forest with Salix caprea and Populus tremula are especially rich in threatened species. Two vast virgin forests, Jelka and Rimakabba, are described. The National Forest Enterprise plans to clear-fell Rimakabba and the richest parts of Jelka. Only 0.34% of Swedish forests below the prealpine area is protected. The most threatened species do not grow in the reserves, because they are usually infertile and lie in extreme climatic situations. On an average one locality with endangered and vulnerable species disappears each day in the commune of Jokkmokk. Protected areas must be delimited according to biological, not economic, criteria. Forestry in virgin forests must be forbidden, and threatened species must be formally protected. -from English summary
93Z/00034 Nyckelbiotoper kartlaggs i nytt projekt vid Skogsstyrelsen (Woodland ke],-habitats mapped in a new project of the Swedish Natmnal Board of Forestry) J. Nitare & M. Noren, Svensk Botanisk Tidskrifi, 86(3), 1992, pp 219-226. The Swedish National Board of Forestry is starting a mapping project of woodland areas which potentially include rare and endangered species. Long-time continuity of different substrates (eg dead wood) and continuity in treecover are some of the basic criteria to evaluate sensitive woodland ecosystems of high biological quality. -English summary
93Z/00035 The Wog Wog habitat fragmentation experiment C. R. Margules, Environmental Conservation, 19(4), 1992, pp 316-325. An experiment to study the effects of habitat fragmentation on biological diversity was begun in an Eucalyptus forest in SE New South Wales. The two hypotheses which are being tested are 1) that habitat fragmentation reduces biological diversity, and 2) that the reduction in diversity is fragment-size dependent. Araneae, Phalangida, Formicidae, Scorpionidae, Diplopoda, Coleoptera, and vascular plants, are the main groups of organisms involved in the experiment. -from Author
93Z/00036 Environmental effects of flow regulation on the lower River Murray, Australia K. F. Walker & M. C. Thorns, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 8(1-2), 1993, pp 103-119. Regulation has limited exchanges between the river and its floodplain, changed the nature of the littoral zone and generally created an environment inimical to many native species, notably fish. The key to rehabilitation may be to restore a more natural balance of low and medium flows, but this may be unrealistic given the needs of irrigators and other water users. -from Authors
93Z/00037 Causes of land-bird extinctions in French Polynesia R. Seitre & J. Seitre, Oryx, 26(4), 1992, pp 215-222. As well as hunting and habitat destruction, introduced predators. ~play a major role in bird population declines and extmcuons, with roof rat Rattus ratms being the most dangerous. Rapid action to eradicate introduced predators, coupled with translocations, would be the most effective
191
way to ensure survival of the remaining bird species. -~om Authors
Restoration ecology 93Z/00038 The feasibility of tree planting on landfill containment sites C. S. Crook, Arboricultural Journal, 16(3), 1992, pp 229-241. The effects of anaerobic conditions and'localised hots~pots on the successful establishment of trees may also he significant as well as problems associated with the waterlogging and drought conditions commonly occurring on resotred sites. With adequate planning and apporpriate management regimes, successful tree planting and afforestation could he undertaken at relatively low cost. Recommendations are made for planting according to individual site conditions and tree rooting depths. -from Author
93Z/00039 Long-term survival of 20 selected plant accessions in a Rush Valley, Utah, planting R . L . Pendleton, N. C. Frischknecht & E. D. McAxthur, Research Note - US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, INT-403, 1992, 7 pp. Fifty-two plants each of 20 plant accessions were transplanted onto a salt-desert shrub site. Nine of the 20 kinds of plants; five accessions (four species) of Atriplex, two varieties of Kochia prostrata, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, and one species of Yucca, showed generally good survival (>60%r) through the first six years following planting. Only K. prostrata and S. vermiculatus showed good survival for the full 12-yr period. Large grasshopper populations, a high water table, and other factors likely contributed to shrub mortality during 1984-89. By 1989, seedlings of both varieties of K. prostrata had spread throughout the exclosure, up to 5m from the original planting area. -from Authors
93Z/00040 Flow regulation and restoration of Florida's Kissimmee River L . A . Toth, J. T. B. Obeysekera, W. A. Perkins & M. K. Loftin, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 8(1-2), 1993, pp 155-166. Reintroduction of flow through remnant river channels improved river channel habitat diversity and led t~ favourable responses by fish and invertebrate communities. However, more complete restoration of biological attributes will require the re-establishment of historical inflow characteristics. Current flow characteristics preclude effective river restoration by contributing to chronic low dissolved oxygen regimes and repetitive fish kills, interfering with fish reproduction and limiting floodplain inundation. -from Authors
93Z/00041 Reed canarygrass survival under cyclic inundation J. S. Rice & B. W. Pinkerton, Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 48(2), 1993, pp 132-135. Phalaris arundinacea, commonly used as a conservation grass, can withstand flooding and is somewhat drought tolerant. Plant species grown to control erosion at pumped storage reservoirs must withstand cyclic inundation, typically on a weekly basis. Reed canarygrass survived inundation of up to two days/week and, in some situations, was able to survive a third day. Other factors such as depth of inundation and inundation at different growth stages, especially when dormant, need study before reed canarygrass is recommended for use in these reservoirs. -from Authors
93Z/00034 Nyckelbiotoper kartlaggs i nytt projekt vid Skogsstyrelsen (Woodland ke],-habitats mapped in a new project of the Swedish Natmnal Board of Forestry) J. Nitare & M. Noren, Svensk Botanisk Tidskrifi, 86(3), 1992, pp 219-226. The Swedish National Board of Forestry is starting a mapping project of woodland areas which potentially include rare and endangered species. Long-time continuity of different substrates (eg dead wood) and continuity in treecover are some of the basic criteria to evaluate sensitive woodland ecosystems of high biological quality. -English summary
93Z/00035 The Wog Wog habitat fragmentation experiment C. R. Margules, Environmental Conservation, 19(4), 1992, pp 316-325. An experiment to study the effects of habitat fragmentation on biological diversity was begun in an Eucalyptus forest in SE New South Wales. The two hypotheses which are being tested are 1) that habitat fragmentation reduces biological diversity, and 2) that the reduction in diversity is fragment-size dependent. Araneae, Phalangida, Formicidae, Scorpionidae, Diplopoda, Coleoptera, and vascular plants, are the main groups of organisms involved in the experiment. -from Author
93Z/00036 Environmental effects of flow regulation on the lower River Murray, Australia K. F. Walker & M. C. Thorns, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 8(1-2), 1993, pp 103-119. Regulation has limited exchanges between the river and its floodplain, changed the nature of the littoral zone and generally created an environment inimical to many native species, notably fish. The key to rehabilitation may be to restore a more natural balance of low and medium flows, but this may be unrealistic given the needs of irrigators and other water users. -from Authors
93Z/00037 Causes of land-bird extinctions in French Polynesia R. Seitre & J. Seitre, Oryx, 26(4), 1992, pp 215-222. As well as hunting and habitat destruction, introduced predators. ~play a major role in bird population declines and extmcuons, with roof rat Rattus ratms being the most dangerous. Rapid action to eradicate introduced predators, coupled with translocations, would be the most effective
191
way to ensure survival of the remaining bird species. -~om Authors
Restoration ecology 93Z/00038 The feasibility of tree planting on landfill containment sites C. S. Crook, Arboricultural Journal, 16(3), 1992, pp 229-241. The effects of anaerobic conditions and'localised hots~pots on the successful establishment of trees may also he significant as well as problems associated with the waterlogging and drought conditions commonly occurring on resotred sites. With adequate planning and apporpriate management regimes, successful tree planting and afforestation could he undertaken at relatively low cost. Recommendations are made for planting according to individual site conditions and tree rooting depths. -from Author
93Z/00039 Long-term survival of 20 selected plant accessions in a Rush Valley, Utah, planting R . L . Pendleton, N. C. Frischknecht & E. D. McAxthur, Research Note - US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, INT-403, 1992, 7 pp. Fifty-two plants each of 20 plant accessions were transplanted onto a salt-desert shrub site. Nine of the 20 kinds of plants; five accessions (four species) of Atriplex, two varieties of Kochia prostrata, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, and one species of Yucca, showed generally good survival (>60%r) through the first six years following planting. Only K. prostrata and S. vermiculatus showed good survival for the full 12-yr period. Large grasshopper populations, a high water table, and other factors likely contributed to shrub mortality during 1984-89. By 1989, seedlings of both varieties of K. prostrata had spread throughout the exclosure, up to 5m from the original planting area. -from Authors
93Z/00040 Flow regulation and restoration of Florida's Kissimmee River L . A . Toth, J. T. B. Obeysekera, W. A. Perkins & M. K. Loftin, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 8(1-2), 1993, pp 155-166. Reintroduction of flow through remnant river channels improved river channel habitat diversity and led t~ favourable responses by fish and invertebrate communities. However, more complete restoration of biological attributes will require the re-establishment of historical inflow characteristics. Current flow characteristics preclude effective river restoration by contributing to chronic low dissolved oxygen regimes and repetitive fish kills, interfering with fish reproduction and limiting floodplain inundation. -from Authors
93Z/00041 Reed canarygrass survival under cyclic inundation J. S. Rice & B. W. Pinkerton, Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 48(2), 1993, pp 132-135. Phalaris arundinacea, commonly used as a conservation grass, can withstand flooding and is somewhat drought tolerant. Plant species grown to control erosion at pumped storage reservoirs must withstand cyclic inundation, typically on a weekly basis. Reed canarygrass survived inundation of up to two days/week and, in some situations, was able to survive a third day. Other factors such as depth of inundation and inundation at different growth stages, especially when dormant, need study before reed canarygrass is recommended for use in these reservoirs. -from Authors