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The fire effects information system: a tool for shrub information management
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Selected Abstracts 92Z/00021 La surexploitation commerciale de la faune sauvage et son controle par la convention de Washington ou 'CITES' (The commercial over-exploitation of wild fauna and its regulation by the Washington convention or CITES) P. Pfeffer, Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 43(172), 1990, pp 519-532. The International Convention for the Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES), the workings of which is explained, has been ratified to date by 105 nations. Its efficiency varies according to the species concemed, the channels followed and especially the consumer countries. -from English summary 92Z/00022 SOS genomes! Connaitre, gerer et sauver les patrimoines genetiques (SOS, Genomes! Know, manage and preserve genetic heritage) A. Langaney, R. Nadot & H. Van Blijenburgh, Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 43(172), 1990, pp 533-546. Discusses the objectives, methods, limits and interest of rojects concerned with the protection of wild species and omesticated races, or with their genetic patrimony. -from English summary
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92Z/00023 Wetland ecology and management: case studies ed D.F. Whigham, R.E. Good & J. Kvet, (Kluwer; Tasks for Vegetation Science, 25), ISBN (hardback) 0 7923 0893 X, price Dfl 160.00 (£54.50, US$95.00), 1990, 180 pp, index. The 19 contributions are arranged into sections on wetland management, landscape issues related to wetland management, and wetland ecology and utilization. -P.J.Jarvis 92Z/00024 Economic uses of salt marshes A. H. L. Huiskes & W. G. Beeftink, in: Ecological responses to environmental stresses, ed J. Rozema & J.A.C. Verkleij, (Kluwer; Tasks for Vegetation Science, 22), 1990, pp 103-111. The extent and diversity of human influences on saltmarshes have increased over the ages, with adverse impacts prevailing in recent times, putting the integrity and even the continuation of such environments at risk. There has been a long tradition of collecting plant and animal material from salunarshes for food, clothing and artefacts; environmental impact of such activities is generally slight. Grazing and hay-making have resulted in a number of characteristic plant communities. Destruction uses of saltmarshes include certain forms of aquaculture, salt extraction, mining, reclamation for agriculture, wastewater treatment, and mass recreation. -P.J.Jarvis 92Z/00025 De rol van de E G in de bescherming van de kustzone (The role of the E C in coastal zone conservation) H.A. Udo de Haes & A. H. P. M. Salman, Geografisch Tijdschrifi,24(5), 1990, pp 439-446. U p to now the E C conservation policy has had a low priority compared to other policy fields; an incoherent set of
instruments is used and the EC has little competence in relation to the member states and within their competence only little implementation. -from English summary 92Z/00026 Seasonal pools - an overlooked invertebrate habit J.H. Brat'ton, British Wildlife, 2(1), 1990, pp 22-29. Species of this habitat are introduced by describing the life cycle of two rare species, fairy shrimp Chirocephalus diaphanus and tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis, as well as other small invertebrates, eg species of ostracods, aquatic molluscs and fly larvae. The ecology of seasonal pools and their characteristic 'fugitive species' inhabitants is then explained. These pools are divided into ancient pools such as the regularly ploughed Fowlmere hollows in Cambridgeshire, Irish turloughs and solution cups in limestone pavements; and the more plentiful temporatT pools and puddles with their make-up of species (particularly Diptera) dependent on substrate and timing of dry and wet periods. Conservation and creation of seasonal ponds is discussed. -J.W.Cooper
927400027 Using short duration grazing to accomplish wildlife habitat objectives F. S. Gnthery, C. A. DeYoung, F. C. Bryant & D. L. Drawe, General Technical Report . US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, RM-194, 1990, pp 41-55. Reviews short duration grazing (SDG) by cattle as a tool for managing wildlife habitat. The most consistent habitat effect of SIX} has been a reduction in aboveground herbaceous phytomass. This effect could be used in management of wildlife species inhibited by ground cover that is too tall and dense. -from Authors 92Z/00028 Forage quality as influenced by prescribed grazing E.W. Anderson, D. L. Franzen & J. E. Meiland, General Technical Report - US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, RM-194, 1990, pp 56-70. Forage quality involves nutritional values, palatability, diversity of perennial species in the floristic composition, and quality of forage. Prescribed grazing must specifically 1) benefit the resources as top priority which ~..proves vigor and species diversity, 2) involve moderate utilization which provides adequate quantity of forage, and 3) allow for regrowth following grazing in selected management units which affects nutritional values and palatability. Of prime importance is the technique for preconditioning grass forage to improve nutritional- quality for autumn/winter grazing. -from Authors 92Z/00029 The Fire Effects Information System: a tool for shrub information management A.F. Bradley, General Technical Report - US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, INT-276, i990, pp 263-281. The Fire Effects Information System, is a computer-based, menu-driven encyclopedia of fire effects and general ecological information for plant species, wildlife species, and plant communities. At present its emphasis is on aridland shrubs and associated vegetation. -from Author 92Z/00030 On the evolution of a new type of wildlife due to changed conditions in the biosphere caused by anthropogenic effects (in Russian) L. K. Mamonov, L. Ya. Kurochkina & G. A. Polimbetova, Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn' - Akademiya Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, 5, 1990, pp 17-20. Discusses appropriate approaches to studying wildlife when this has been affected by human activity. -from English summary
Species conservation 92Z/00031 Indicator value of lichen cover on desert shrubs R. Rosentreter, General Technical Report US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, INT-276, 1990, pp 282-289. Canopy density, shrub growth rate, bark stability, pH, and ecological sites are correlated with amount of lichen cover on desert shrubs. Knowledge of these relationships can indicate site characteristics useful in interpreting and managing shrub sites. The big sagebrush Artemisia tridentara complex in S Idaho is used to illustrate many of the ecological relationships involved. -from Author 92Z/00032 A conservation strategy for the South African cycads R. Osbome, South African Journal of Science, 86(5-6), 1990, pp 220-223. Cycadales were at least co-dominant in much of the Jurassic flora 160 million yeats ago, but numbers of taxa have decreased through the combined effects of climatic change, com~petitinn with angiosperms and human impact on the environment. The conservation problem exists because of illegal trading in the plants. The author provides a seven-point plan, involving legislation, conservation, collections in botanical gardens, horticulture, a national register, education and research. -S.J.Yates
Selected Abstracts 92Z/00021 La surexploitation commerciale de la faune sauvage et son controle par la convention de Washington ou 'CITES' (The commercial over-exploitation of wild fauna and its regulation by the Washington convention or CITES) P. Pfeffer, Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 43(172), 1990, pp 519-532. The International Convention for the Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES), the workings of which is explained, has been ratified to date by 105 nations. Its efficiency varies according to the species concemed, the channels followed and especially the consumer countries. -from English summary 92Z/00022 SOS genomes! Connaitre, gerer et sauver les patrimoines genetiques (SOS, Genomes! Know, manage and preserve genetic heritage) A. Langaney, R. Nadot & H. Van Blijenburgh, Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 43(172), 1990, pp 533-546. Discusses the objectives, methods, limits and interest of rojects concerned with the protection of wild species and omesticated races, or with their genetic patrimony. -from English summary
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92Z/00023 Wetland ecology and management: case studies ed D.F. Whigham, R.E. Good & J. Kvet, (Kluwer; Tasks for Vegetation Science, 25), ISBN (hardback) 0 7923 0893 X, price Dfl 160.00 (£54.50, US$95.00), 1990, 180 pp, index. The 19 contributions are arranged into sections on wetland management, landscape issues related to wetland management, and wetland ecology and utilization. -P.J.Jarvis 92Z/00024 Economic uses of salt marshes A. H. L. Huiskes & W. G. Beeftink, in: Ecological responses to environmental stresses, ed J. Rozema & J.A.C. Verkleij, (Kluwer; Tasks for Vegetation Science, 22), 1990, pp 103-111. The extent and diversity of human influences on saltmarshes have increased over the ages, with adverse impacts prevailing in recent times, putting the integrity and even the continuation of such environments at risk. There has been a long tradition of collecting plant and animal material from salunarshes for food, clothing and artefacts; environmental impact of such activities is generally slight. Grazing and hay-making have resulted in a number of characteristic plant communities. Destruction uses of saltmarshes include certain forms of aquaculture, salt extraction, mining, reclamation for agriculture, wastewater treatment, and mass recreation. -P.J.Jarvis 92Z/00025 De rol van de E G in de bescherming van de kustzone (The role of the E C in coastal zone conservation) H.A. Udo de Haes & A. H. P. M. Salman, Geografisch Tijdschrifi,24(5), 1990, pp 439-446. U p to now the E C conservation policy has had a low priority compared to other policy fields; an incoherent set of
instruments is used and the EC has little competence in relation to the member states and within their competence only little implementation. -from English summary 92Z/00026 Seasonal pools - an overlooked invertebrate habit J.H. Brat'ton, British Wildlife, 2(1), 1990, pp 22-29. Species of this habitat are introduced by describing the life cycle of two rare species, fairy shrimp Chirocephalus diaphanus and tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis, as well as other small invertebrates, eg species of ostracods, aquatic molluscs and fly larvae. The ecology of seasonal pools and their characteristic 'fugitive species' inhabitants is then explained. These pools are divided into ancient pools such as the regularly ploughed Fowlmere hollows in Cambridgeshire, Irish turloughs and solution cups in limestone pavements; and the more plentiful temporatT pools and puddles with their make-up of species (particularly Diptera) dependent on substrate and timing of dry and wet periods. Conservation and creation of seasonal ponds is discussed. -J.W.Cooper
927400027 Using short duration grazing to accomplish wildlife habitat objectives F. S. Gnthery, C. A. DeYoung, F. C. Bryant & D. L. Drawe, General Technical Report . US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, RM-194, 1990, pp 41-55. Reviews short duration grazing (SDG) by cattle as a tool for managing wildlife habitat. The most consistent habitat effect of SIX} has been a reduction in aboveground herbaceous phytomass. This effect could be used in management of wildlife species inhibited by ground cover that is too tall and dense. -from Authors 92Z/00028 Forage quality as influenced by prescribed grazing E.W. Anderson, D. L. Franzen & J. E. Meiland, General Technical Report - US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, RM-194, 1990, pp 56-70. Forage quality involves nutritional values, palatability, diversity of perennial species in the floristic composition, and quality of forage. Prescribed grazing must specifically 1) benefit the resources as top priority which ~..proves vigor and species diversity, 2) involve moderate utilization which provides adequate quantity of forage, and 3) allow for regrowth following grazing in selected management units which affects nutritional values and palatability. Of prime importance is the technique for preconditioning grass forage to improve nutritional- quality for autumn/winter grazing. -from Authors 92Z/00029 The Fire Effects Information System: a tool for shrub information management A.F. Bradley, General Technical Report - US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, INT-276, i990, pp 263-281. The Fire Effects Information System, is a computer-based, menu-driven encyclopedia of fire effects and general ecological information for plant species, wildlife species, and plant communities. At present its emphasis is on aridland shrubs and associated vegetation. -from Author 92Z/00030 On the evolution of a new type of wildlife due to changed conditions in the biosphere caused by anthropogenic effects (in Russian) L. K. Mamonov, L. Ya. Kurochkina & G. A. Polimbetova, Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn' - Akademiya Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, 5, 1990, pp 17-20. Discusses appropriate approaches to studying wildlife when this has been affected by human activity. -from English summary
Species conservation 92Z/00031 Indicator value of lichen cover on desert shrubs R. Rosentreter, General Technical Report US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, INT-276, 1990, pp 282-289. Canopy density, shrub growth rate, bark stability, pH, and ecological sites are correlated with amount of lichen cover on desert shrubs. Knowledge of these relationships can indicate site characteristics useful in interpreting and managing shrub sites. The big sagebrush Artemisia tridentara complex in S Idaho is used to illustrate many of the ecological relationships involved. -from Author 92Z/00032 A conservation strategy for the South African cycads R. Osbome, South African Journal of Science, 86(5-6), 1990, pp 220-223. Cycadales were at least co-dominant in much of the Jurassic flora 160 million yeats ago, but numbers of taxa have decreased through the combined effects of climatic change, com~petitinn with angiosperms and human impact on the environment. The conservation problem exists because of illegal trading in the plants. The author provides a seven-point plan, involving legislation, conservation, collections in botanical gardens, horticulture, a national register, education and research. -S.J.Yates