The fungi of Norbury Park, 1974–84

50 WALLIS, J P R (Ed.) (1956) The Zambezi Expedition of David Livingstone, 1858-1863. London: Chatto & Windus. 2 vols. 462pp. WELWITSCH, F and CURREY, F (1868) Fungi angolenses. A description of the fungi collected by Dr Friedrich Welwitsch during the years 1850-1861. Part I. Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London 26,279-294. WHITE, F (1961) A history of plant collecting in Northern Rhodesia. Comptes Rendus de la IVe Reunion Pleniere de I 'AETFAT - 1961, 175-203. WILLIAMSON, J (1975) Edible fungi. In Useful Plants of Malawi. Revised and extended edition, Part 2, 312-336. University of Malawi.

THE FUNGI OF NORBURY PARK, 1974-84 N W Legon 59A Little Eating Lane, South Eating, London W5 4ED

I have been keeping records of the fungi from this area of land near Dorking, Surrey for the last ten years and it has been suggested that a fulltist of my finds would now be in order. Two interim reports have been published (Legon, 1978, 1979) and it has been of interest to see the fluctuations since then of the species mentioned in these articles. During the last four years several Cortinarius species have appeared in quantity one year, only to disappear totally the next. Those seen include C. amoenolens, a robust species with blue gills, stem and flesh, C. cedretorum, a large species with a golden brown pileus and blue flesh, C. olidus (an uncommon species) and C. sodagnitus, a distinctive species with violet cap which turns red with KOH; all these are associated with beech. Other noteworthy finds have included Agaricus variegans, with a characteristic smell of rubber, several huge specimens of Pholiota aurivella in a knot hole on a fallen beech, Calocybe ionides under sycamore in large numbers, and the uncommon Stropharia aurantiaca with its distinctive orange-red pileus and black gills (when ripe). The find of 1983 was a very large specimen of Tuber aestivum, over 9 em in diameter, just sitting on the ground under a beech tree. Unfortunately several of the interesting species found earlier have gone. The Haasiella venustissima has not been seen for the last three years and nor has Clitopilus pinsitus. The rare ascomycete Podostroma alutaceum has likewise disappeared since a tree fell on its habitat, a pile of old rotten logs; the Peziza apiculata site was destroyed by this same 'natural disaster'. However, one lives in hope that they may reappear in the future, such is the fluctuating nature of the fungus population. Other species seem to be on the decline;Panellus serotinus which suddenly became abundant when many beech trees were blown down is now little in evidence and Rhodotus palmatus is only rarely seen on old elm trees. However, the story is not all bleak; the Clavariadelphus pistillaris site which was bulldozed up in 1978 has now recovered and I counted over 200 fruit bodies there last year, far more than I had ever seen before then. Polypores are still well represented. The rare Ganoderma valesiacum was found on a yew tree in 1979 and G. pfeifferi is still on the beech tree where it has been for the last ten years. Many species of the genus Tyromy ces are found, mainly on the fallen beech trunks. But the most interesting of these, T. ellipsosporus, grows on very rotten yew trunks; it is not mentioned in any of the popular books. I should like to thank Dr Derek Reid at Kew for all his help and also Dr Brian Spooner for his help with the Ascomycetes. I thank too Miss M Holden for the list of fungi collected by herself and Mr P D Orton in 1953; the only species that I have not refound is Lepista sordida.

51 ASCOMYCETES DISCOMYCETES Aleuria aurantia Anthracobia macrocystis, maurilabra, melaloma (all on bonfire sites) Ascobolus furfuraceus Ascocoryne albidum , cylichnium , sarcoides Bisporella citrina , pallescens , subpallida, sulfurina Callorina fusarioides Cheilymenia coprinaria , raripila , stercorea Chlorosplenium aeruginascens Clavidisculum feriegeranum (found once on a rotten Abies cone) Coprobia granulata Cud oniella acicularis Dasyscyphus cerinus , virgineus Disciot is venosa (in spring on a chalky bank by the railway) Helvella crispa, lacunosa Humaria hemisphaerica Hyaloscypha hyalin a Hymenoscyphus caudatus, fructigenus KotI abaea deformis (on bare clay soil , det. R W G Dennis) Lachnellula hahniana Lamprospora dictydiola Leotia lubrica Leptopodia stevensii Melastiza chateri Mitrophora semilibera (on bare chalky soil under Acer) MolIisia cinerea Morehella eseulenta Neobulgaria pura , pura var. foliacea Orbilia auricolor , xanthostigma Peziza ampIiata, amplissima, apieulata , arvemensis , badia, echinospora , emileia , mieropus, petersii, praetervisa, proteana, repanda, sepiatra , su ccosa , varia, vesieulo sa Phaeohelotium monticola Polyde smia pruinosa Rh yt isrna aeerinum Rutstroemia lut eo-vires een s Seutellinia seu tellata Sepultaria sumnerian a (under a Cedrus tree in a rabbit warren) St rossmayeria basitri eha Tapes ia fuse a Tuber aestivum

PYRENOMYCETES Claviceps purpurea Creopus gelatinosus Daldinia eoncentriea Diatrype disciformis , stigma Epichloe typhina Heterosphaeria patella Hypo crea rufa Hyp ox ylon fuseum , fragi forme , multiforme , rubiginosum Lasiosphaeria hirsuta , spermoides Leptosphaeria aeuta Libertella faginea

52 PYRENOMYCETES (contd) Nectria cinnabarina, peziza, purtonii Podostroma alutaceum Quatemaria dissepta, quaternata Ustulina deusta Xylaria carpophila, hypoxylori, polymorpha HETEROBASIDIOMYCETES UREDINALES Melampsora populnea on Mercurialis perennis Phragmidium violaceum on Rubus sp. Puccinia adoxae on Adoxa moschatellina, epilobii on Epilobium sp., circaeae on Circaea lutetia na, poarum on Tussilago [arfara Pucciniastrum circaea on Circaea lutetiana A UR/CULAR/ALES Auricularia mesenterica Hirneola auricula-judae (common on both elder and beech) Helicobasidium purpureum Phleogena faginea Sebacina incrustans DA CR YMYCETALES Calocera cornea, viscosa Dacrymyces stillatus TREMELLALES Exidia glandulosa, thuretiana Tremella foliacea, mesenterica HOMOBASIDIOMYCETES APHYLLOPHORALES Amyloporia xantha Antrodia (Datronia) mollis Bjerkandera adusta, fumosa Calyptella capula Ceriporia viridans Cerrena unicolor Chondrostereum purpureum Clavaria guilleminii Clavariadelphus fistulosus, junceus, pistillaris Clavulina cinerea Clavulinopsis luteo-ochracea Coniophora cf. arida, puteana Coriollelus (Antrodia) serpens Coriolus versicolor Cristella candidissirna, farinacea Cylindrobasidium evolvens Cyphellopsis anomala Daedaelopsis confragosa Fibuloporia wynnei Fistulina hepatica Ganoderma adspersum, pfeifferi, valesiacum Hapalopilus nidulans Henningsornyces candidus Heterobasidion annosum Heteroporus biennis Hyphoderrna setigerum

53 APHYLLOPHORALES (contd) Hyphodontia barba-jovis, crustosa, sambuci Inonotus cuticularis, dryadeus Ischnoderma resinosum Laetiporus sulphureus Leptotrimitus (Incrustiporia) semipileatus Lenzites betulina Meripilus giganteus Merulius corium, rufus, tremellosus Mycoacia uda Peniophora cremea var. allescheri, lycii Phaeolus schweinitzii Phellinus ferruginosus, pomaceus, ribis, torulosus Phlebia hydnoides, merismoides, rufa Piptoporus betulinus Podoporia confluens (Rigidoporus sanguinolentus) Polyporus badius, ciliatus, nummularis, squamosus, varius Pseudotrametes gibbosa Radulomyces confluens Ramaria flaccida, ochraceo-virens, stricta Rigidoporus ulmarius Schizopora paradoxa Serpula himantioides Sistotrema brinkmanii Steccherinum ochraceum Stereum hirsutum, sanguinolentum Thelephora terrestris Typhula erythropus Tyrornyces caesius, ellipsosporus, fissilis, gloeocystidiatus, lacteus, stipticus, tephroleucus AGAR/CALES Agaricus campestris, langei, placomyces, silvaticus, variegans, xanthodermus Agrocybe erebia, praecox Amanita citrina, inaurata, muscaria, pantherina, phalloides, rubescens Armillaria mellea Baespora myosura Bolbitius vitellinus Boletus appendiculatus, chrysenteron, edulis, erythropus, luridus, queletii, subtomentosus, versicolor Calocybe (Tricholoma) gambosum, ionides Cantharellus cibarius Cantharellula cyathiformis, umbonata Clitocybe americana (on wood, 2nd British record), candicans, cerussata, clavipes, dicolor, ditopus, flaccid a, fragrans, geotropa, houghtonii, hydrogramma, infundibuliformis, nebularis, odora, phyllophila, pseudoclusilis, suaveolens, vibecina Clitopilus hobsonii, pinsitus (on a sawdust pile, new British record), prunulus Collybia butyracea, carbonaria, cirrhata, confluens, dryophila, erythropoda (erythropus), fuscopurpurea, fusipes, maculata, peronata Conocybe aporos, appendiculata, brunnea, exannulata, filaris, laricina, macrocephala, rickeniana, tenera, togularis Corpinus atramentarius, comatus, disseminatus, impatiens, micaceus, picaceus, plicatilis

54 AGAR/CALES (contd) Cortinarius amoenolens, calochrous, cedretorum, croceo-caeruleus, infractus, olidus, osmophorus, saturninus, sodagnitus Craterellus cornucopioides Crepidotus autochthonus, mollis, subtilis, variabilis Cystoderma amianthinum Entoloma rhodopolium Flammulina velutipes Flammulaster (Flocculina) granulosa, subincarnata Galerina mutabilis, unicolor Geopetalum carbonarium Gymnopilus junonius, penetrans Haasiella venustissima (under Buxus and Abies, new British record) Hebeloma crustuliniforme, sinapizans Hohenbuehelia atrocaerulea, geogenia Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Hygrophorus chrysaspis, chrysodon, hypothejus, leucophaeus, lucorum, nemoreus Hypholoma fasciculare, sublateritium Inocybe asterospora, bongardii, corydalina, eutheles, fastigiata, gausapata, geophylla, geophylla var. lilacina, godeyi, jurana, leptocystis, maculata, oblectabilis, patouillardii, phaeoleuca, pyriodora Laccaria amethystea, laccata Lacrymaria velutina Lactarius acris, blennius, britannicus, pallidus, pyrogalus, turpis, uvidus Leccinum scabrum Lentinellus cochleatus Lepiota bucknallii, castanea, clypeolaria, cristata, echinacea, friesii, fuscovinacea, procera, rhacodes, subgracilis Lepista nuda, saeva, sordida Leptonia euchroa Limacella delicata Lyophyllum decastes, ulmarium Macrocystidia cucumis Marasmius alliaceus, oreades, ramealis, rotula, wynnei Melanoleuca cognata, excissa, gramrnopodia, melaleuca Melanophyllum echinatum Micromphale foetidum Mycena acicula, aetites, alba, alcalina, capillaris, crocata, epipterygia, fibula, galericulata, galopus, inclinata, lineata, oortiana, pelianthina, polygramma, pura, speirea, swartzii Nolanea lucida, mammosa Oudemansiella mucida, radicata Panellus serotinus, stipticus Panus torulosus Paxillus atrotomentosus, involu tus, panuoides Pholiota adiposa, aurivella, carbonaria, gummosa, squarrosa Pleurotus cornucopiae, dryinus, ostreatus Pluteolus aleuriatus Pluteus atromarginatus, cervinus, cinereofuscus, depauperatus, griseopus, luctuosus, lutescens, murinus, olivaceus, pearsonii, petasatus, phlebophorus, salicinus, thomsonii, umbrosus Psathyrella candolleana, conopilea, gracilis, hydrophila, microrhiza, obtusata, pennata, spadicea, spadiceo-grisea, vernalis

55

AGAR/CALES (contd) Strobilurus (Pseudohia tula) esculenta Psiloc ybe (Deconica) cro bulus, physaloides, rhom bispora Resupinatus applicatus Rhodotus palmatus Ripartites tricholoma Russula aeruginea, albonigra , delica, densifolia, lepida , mairei, nigricans, ochroleuca , xerampelina Simocybe (Naucoria) sumptuosa Schizophyllum comm u ne Stropharia aeruginosa, aurantiaca Suillus aeruginascens, tridentinus Tephrocybe carbonaria Tricholoma argyraceum , atrosquamosum, lascivum, ustale , ustaloides, virgatum Tricholomopsis platyphylla Tu baria autochthona, conspersa , furfuracea Volvariella born bycina, speciosa GASTER OM YCETAL ES Bovista nigrescens Crucibulum laeve Cyathus olla, striatus Geastrum quadrifidum, excipuliforme , perlatum, pyriforme Melanogaster variegatus var . broomeianus Mutinus caninus Phallus impudicus Scleroderma citrinum, verrucosum Sphaerobolus stellatus The above list comprises 481 species . References LEGON , N W (1978) Fungus flora of Norbury Park. Bulletin of the British Mycological Society 12,84-85. LEGON , N W (1979) Fungi from Nor bury Park. Bulletin of the British Mycological Society 13,95-96 .

COLLECTIONS OF HYPOGEOUS FUNGI FROM THE SOUTH OF ENGLAND EM Davison School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia As the distinguishing character of hypogeous fungi is the underground development of their fruit bodies, it is not surprising that they are rarely collected. Although over 80 species have been described in Britain, only 18 collections of nine species have been made on BMS forays between 1966 and 1982 (Bulletin 1-17) and o nly five collections o f five species are recorded in the Fungus Flora of Warw ickshire (Clark, 1980) . Sin ce the publication of a key and descriptions o f the British h ypogeous fungi (H awker, 1954), species are fairly easy to id entify , but co llecti ng them is extremely tedious. The collections listed below were made between 197 6 and 1979. Most were made in West Su ssex , but co llections from other are as are included. Fruiting bodie s were identified using Hawker (1954) and by com paring specimens