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THE HEALTH OF MILAN.
902
recovering from the cardiac trouble, a fresh set of sym- the ultimate production of an "anti-serum"more potent ptoms makes its appearance in the fourth, fifth, or sixth week than that of Sanarelli. The conclusions of the Commission of convalescence. The patient is at this time noticed to be are, unfortunately, of considerable import to New York, for getting irritable and restless, especially in the morning, and to a Reuter’s telegram published in the l’iates says that 46 cases be suffering again from a return of the symptoms of cardiac of yellow fever were reported at Key West on Tuesday last. to be
discomfort and distress. On examination the heart is now found to be enlarged, while the pulse is quickened to from 100 to 140. A curious mental change is also noticed. The
THE HEALTH OF MILAN.
OUR Rome correspondent, under date Sept. 26th, writes : " Seldom or never resorted to as a winter city the Lombard capital is a greatentrepot of travel,’ harbouring, he while in this condition seek the aid of alcohol the usual if but for a few days at a time, a larger number of result would be the production of an epileptiform fit. If, , forestieri’ during the year than any other populous centre however, a non-alcoholic regimen is strictly maintained and in Italy. Its sanitary record is therefore of vital interest to a tonic and special treatment is adopted the heart may the public, particularly to that considerable section gradually resume its normal condition and remain so more of ittravelling which uses it as a half-way house’ between the British or less permanently. The best results in the way of treatIsles and Brindisi en route to the East. THE LANCET, ever ment were obtained from prolonged baths during the since the opening of that route some 30 years ago, has never attacks, outdoor exercise including Swedish movements from time to time, to call attention to the health pursued in the open air during the intervals, and the internal failed, conditions of the great entrepot, not seldom, indeed, having administration of trional and tonics. to sound a note of warning as to the prevalence of infectious Of late, however, there disease among its population. marked has a been BACILLUS ICTEROIDES THE OF THE CAUSE improvement in those conditions; YELLOW FEVER. smallpox, previously endemic in the lower quarters, THE Commission appointed by authority of the President has been all but stamped out by sedulous and systematic of the United States to investigate the cause of yellow feverovaccination and revaccination, and typhoid fever has diminished as only to await a more abundant and s has submitted its report. Its work was done in Havana, inso water-supply from Lake Como or the Alps to I purer a well-equipped laboratory, and 22 cases were the subject of ( study. The important conclusion of the Commission is thatdisappear altogether. In the meantime the statistics comunder the highly efficient auspices of the municipal I the bacillus icteroides of Sanarelli is the true cause, piled ‘ ’Ufficio d’lgiene’ tell a very reassuring tale-such as at the of yellow fever, a conclusion quite contrary to that of of the tourist season may well allay the commencement ( Sternberg. The following are the conclusions of the less justified misgivings of the travelling 1 hitherto more or report: 1. That the micro-organism discovered In world. the decennium 1872-81 the average mortality Sanarelli and by him named the "bacillus icteroides" is the in was the 33’42 decennium 1882-91 it had 1000 ; per cause of yellow fever. 2. That yellow fever is naturally to and sunk . now within the last seven years, 28’51; infectious to certain animals, the degree varying with the it has been as low as 2377. The greatest 1892-99, species ; that in some rodents local infection is very is still the child mortality among population under five followed by blood infection; and that while in dogs and of while as to individuals above 40 years of age years age, rabbits there is no evidence of this subsequent invasion number the die in the winter months. The maladies greater of the blood monkeys react to the infection the claim the which most numerous are victims those of the takes 3. That infection same as man. place by way in the and the of 17’7 chest, cent., being proportion per in the colonisation of the respiratory tract, primary residual 82’30 cent. of deaths attributable to 162 are per earlier manifestation to the rise this tract giving of the disease. 4. That in many cases of the disease,different ailments. The improvement noted in the returns probably the majority, the primary "infection, or the colonisa-of each successive decennium is coincident, moreover, withso tion in the lungs, is followed by a secondary infection " ora very large and very steady increase in the population, that at the present rate of amelioration Milan, from being a secondary colonisation of this organism in the blood of the patient. This secondary infection may be complicated by the bracketed with Munich as one of the least healthy, is now co-instantaneous passage of other organisms into the blood, in a fair way to rank among the most healthy cities in " (Quod felix faustumque sit!" or this complication may arise during the last hours of life. 5. There is no evidence to support the theory advanced by Sanarelli that this disease is primarily a septiRESEARCHES ON BLOOD-PRESSURE. caemia, inasmuch as cases do occur in which the bacillus DR. CHARLES COLOMBO, director of the Institute of icteroides cannot be found in the blood or organs in in Rome, has recently conducted a long series which it might be deposited therefrom. 6. That there Kinesitherapy in man, using for that pur. exists no causal relationship between the Bacillus X of researches on blood-pressure new Professor Mosso’s sphygmomanometer. After a full of Sternbergand this highly infectious disease and pose the subject and a description of of the literature of that the Bacillus X is frequently found in the intes- survey Dr. Mosso’s instrument and the method of using it Dr. tinal contents of normal animals and of man, as well as criticises the conclusions which have been drawn in the urine and the bronchial secretion. 7. That, so far as Colombo from experiments made with the aid of Basch’s sphygmothe Commission is aware the bacillus icteroides has never and explains that the correct blood-pressure must been found in any body other than one infected with yellow manometer, be sought for when the oscillations of the pulse have reached fever; and that whatever may be the cultural similarities their full amplitude and not when they are made to disappear between this and other micro-organisms it is characterised by the pressure of the instrument employed. Dr. Colombo by a specificity which is distinctive. 8. That the bacillus icternext records the results of his experiments on the variations oides is very susceptible to the influences injurious to bacterial of in a healthy man and shows that during life ; and that its ready control by the processes of dis- 24 blood-pressure hours there is a regular and periodical curve, slight infection, chemical and mechanical, is assured. 9. That the differences manifesting themselves in individuals tested. bacillus icteroides produces in vitro, as well as in vita, a The average pressure is estimated at 80 millimetres of toxine of the most marked potency ; and that from our 1 Transactions of the Royal Medical Academy of Turin. present knowledge there exists a reasonable possibility of
patient becomes generally depressed in spirits and suspicious in disposition, and the slightest thing upsets him. Should
by
quickly
Europe.
,
recovering from the cardiac trouble, a fresh set of sym- the ultimate production of an "anti-serum"more potent ptoms makes its appearance in the fourth, fifth, or sixth week than that of Sanarelli. The conclusions of the Commission of convalescence. The patient is at this time noticed to be are, unfortunately, of considerable import to New York, for getting irritable and restless, especially in the morning, and to a Reuter’s telegram published in the l’iates says that 46 cases be suffering again from a return of the symptoms of cardiac of yellow fever were reported at Key West on Tuesday last. to be
discomfort and distress. On examination the heart is now found to be enlarged, while the pulse is quickened to from 100 to 140. A curious mental change is also noticed. The
THE HEALTH OF MILAN.
OUR Rome correspondent, under date Sept. 26th, writes : " Seldom or never resorted to as a winter city the Lombard capital is a greatentrepot of travel,’ harbouring, he while in this condition seek the aid of alcohol the usual if but for a few days at a time, a larger number of result would be the production of an epileptiform fit. If, , forestieri’ during the year than any other populous centre however, a non-alcoholic regimen is strictly maintained and in Italy. Its sanitary record is therefore of vital interest to a tonic and special treatment is adopted the heart may the public, particularly to that considerable section gradually resume its normal condition and remain so more of ittravelling which uses it as a half-way house’ between the British or less permanently. The best results in the way of treatIsles and Brindisi en route to the East. THE LANCET, ever ment were obtained from prolonged baths during the since the opening of that route some 30 years ago, has never attacks, outdoor exercise including Swedish movements from time to time, to call attention to the health pursued in the open air during the intervals, and the internal failed, conditions of the great entrepot, not seldom, indeed, having administration of trional and tonics. to sound a note of warning as to the prevalence of infectious Of late, however, there disease among its population. marked has a been BACILLUS ICTEROIDES THE OF THE CAUSE improvement in those conditions; YELLOW FEVER. smallpox, previously endemic in the lower quarters, THE Commission appointed by authority of the President has been all but stamped out by sedulous and systematic of the United States to investigate the cause of yellow feverovaccination and revaccination, and typhoid fever has diminished as only to await a more abundant and s has submitted its report. Its work was done in Havana, inso water-supply from Lake Como or the Alps to I purer a well-equipped laboratory, and 22 cases were the subject of ( study. The important conclusion of the Commission is thatdisappear altogether. In the meantime the statistics comunder the highly efficient auspices of the municipal I the bacillus icteroides of Sanarelli is the true cause, piled ‘ ’Ufficio d’lgiene’ tell a very reassuring tale-such as at the of yellow fever, a conclusion quite contrary to that of of the tourist season may well allay the commencement ( Sternberg. The following are the conclusions of the less justified misgivings of the travelling 1 hitherto more or report: 1. That the micro-organism discovered In world. the decennium 1872-81 the average mortality Sanarelli and by him named the "bacillus icteroides" is the in was the 33’42 decennium 1882-91 it had 1000 ; per cause of yellow fever. 2. That yellow fever is naturally to and sunk . now within the last seven years, 28’51; infectious to certain animals, the degree varying with the it has been as low as 2377. The greatest 1892-99, species ; that in some rodents local infection is very is still the child mortality among population under five followed by blood infection; and that while in dogs and of while as to individuals above 40 years of age years age, rabbits there is no evidence of this subsequent invasion number the die in the winter months. The maladies greater of the blood monkeys react to the infection the claim the which most numerous are victims those of the takes 3. That infection same as man. place by way in the and the of 17’7 chest, cent., being proportion per in the colonisation of the respiratory tract, primary residual 82’30 cent. of deaths attributable to 162 are per earlier manifestation to the rise this tract giving of the disease. 4. That in many cases of the disease,different ailments. The improvement noted in the returns probably the majority, the primary "infection, or the colonisa-of each successive decennium is coincident, moreover, withso tion in the lungs, is followed by a secondary infection " ora very large and very steady increase in the population, that at the present rate of amelioration Milan, from being a secondary colonisation of this organism in the blood of the patient. This secondary infection may be complicated by the bracketed with Munich as one of the least healthy, is now co-instantaneous passage of other organisms into the blood, in a fair way to rank among the most healthy cities in " (Quod felix faustumque sit!" or this complication may arise during the last hours of life. 5. There is no evidence to support the theory advanced by Sanarelli that this disease is primarily a septiRESEARCHES ON BLOOD-PRESSURE. caemia, inasmuch as cases do occur in which the bacillus DR. CHARLES COLOMBO, director of the Institute of icteroides cannot be found in the blood or organs in in Rome, has recently conducted a long series which it might be deposited therefrom. 6. That there Kinesitherapy in man, using for that pur. exists no causal relationship between the Bacillus X of researches on blood-pressure new Professor Mosso’s sphygmomanometer. After a full of Sternbergand this highly infectious disease and pose the subject and a description of of the literature of that the Bacillus X is frequently found in the intes- survey Dr. Mosso’s instrument and the method of using it Dr. tinal contents of normal animals and of man, as well as criticises the conclusions which have been drawn in the urine and the bronchial secretion. 7. That, so far as Colombo from experiments made with the aid of Basch’s sphygmothe Commission is aware the bacillus icteroides has never and explains that the correct blood-pressure must been found in any body other than one infected with yellow manometer, be sought for when the oscillations of the pulse have reached fever; and that whatever may be the cultural similarities their full amplitude and not when they are made to disappear between this and other micro-organisms it is characterised by the pressure of the instrument employed. Dr. Colombo by a specificity which is distinctive. 8. That the bacillus icternext records the results of his experiments on the variations oides is very susceptible to the influences injurious to bacterial of in a healthy man and shows that during life ; and that its ready control by the processes of dis- 24 blood-pressure hours there is a regular and periodical curve, slight infection, chemical and mechanical, is assured. 9. That the differences manifesting themselves in individuals tested. bacillus icteroides produces in vitro, as well as in vita, a The average pressure is estimated at 80 millimetres of toxine of the most marked potency ; and that from our 1 Transactions of the Royal Medical Academy of Turin. present knowledge there exists a reasonable possibility of
patient becomes generally depressed in spirits and suspicious in disposition, and the slightest thing upsets him. Should
by
quickly
Europe.
,