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The Hereditary Transmission of Glanders
The H ereditary Transmission 0/ Glanders.
I I
5
THE HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION OF GLANDERS. BY T . PATON, M.R.C.V.S., ARMY SERVICE CORPS, DUBLIN.
a firm believer in both the spontaneous and contagious origin of Glanders, which I hold to be identical with Tuberculosis, allow me to record a case of hereditary transmission of the latter, which came under my observation some years ago, as it seems to support the former view, and certainly does so if the identity of the maladies comes to be proved. Assuming my hypothesis to be correct, my experience leads me to believe that inherited delicacy of constitution, conjoined with debilit ating agencies, is a very fertile source of the malady; the virus of which, like other septic matters, once it has been eliminated, is capable of wide diffusion by contagious propagation, to which the strongest may succumb; but there are many whose nonreceptivity is so great, that on them its assaults are harmless. Therefore, it may be inferred that we need not rely on the contagion theory so exclusively as those do who hold the opinion that that is the only way in which it arises, or is continued. Taking into consideration the operation of those causes which undoubtedly produce original cases of Tuberculosis, the apparently eccentric and otherwise unaccountable outbreaks of Glanders so frequently occurring, may probably be due to the forces at work in the tubercular process. On some future occasion I purpose to return to this subject. An imported mare by "Wild Dayrell," belonging to the King William's Town Stock and Produce Company, South Africa, presented a considerable enlargement of one of the submaxillary glands, which resisted all the usual applications for its reduction; and although there were no other urgent signs, I was somewhat anxious about her, especially as she was one of the finest mares the Company possessed. In due course she produced a foal, by a perfectly healthy sire, " King William"; no finer colt could have been desired when dropped, but in less than a week it suddenly became embarrassed in its breathing, and the dyspncea was so extreme that it died in about forty-eight hours from the; BEI NG
II6
The Veterinary Journal.
commencement of the attack. The post-mortem examination showed its otherwise healthy lungs literally crammed with tubercles of a regular size-about that of small peas-and which were as regularly and fully distributed through both lungs as currants in a well-made Christmas pudding. These tubercles were, doubtless, sown in the fretu s by the maternal circulation. Finally, I believe that in all cases of undoubted Glanders, tubercles are to be found in some of the viscera or lymphatic glands, if diligently sought for; and that the lesions characteristic of that disease are due to the disintegrating action of tuberculotic changes. [Mr. Paton's communication is interesting, and the case he describes is a valuable addition to those we have enumerated, v+.en alluding to the hereditary transmission of Glanders, in vol. i., p. 530, of Veterinary Sanitary Sdeuce and Po!£ce.]
POISONING OF ANIMALS BY SEWAGE WATER.
IN our last number (p. 49), we alluded to the death of horses and cattle from drinking water contaminated by a large amount of organic impurities, and alluded to its general resemblance to sewage. Professor Voelcker, who examined this water chemically, has kindly furnished us with the analysis he made of it; and as this is very instructive, we subjoin it. All the animals partook of this water for a month, but the horses were not fed on the same kind of food as the cattle. One horse died with symptoms of blood poisoning on October 30th, the other animals on November 1St. C01lStituents Combined.
Oxide of iron and alumina. . Organic matter and salts of ammonia * Phosphate of lime Sulphate of lime • Carbonate of lime Carbonate of mngnesia Chloride of sodium Alkaline carbonates Silica Total residue per gallon at '" Containing nitrogen Equal to ammonia.
130·
Fahr.
2'36
95 '9 1 9'19 1'95 35'16 166 3 62 '29 45'44 7'01
. 275'94
I I
5
THE HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION OF GLANDERS. BY T . PATON, M.R.C.V.S., ARMY SERVICE CORPS, DUBLIN.
a firm believer in both the spontaneous and contagious origin of Glanders, which I hold to be identical with Tuberculosis, allow me to record a case of hereditary transmission of the latter, which came under my observation some years ago, as it seems to support the former view, and certainly does so if the identity of the maladies comes to be proved. Assuming my hypothesis to be correct, my experience leads me to believe that inherited delicacy of constitution, conjoined with debilit ating agencies, is a very fertile source of the malady; the virus of which, like other septic matters, once it has been eliminated, is capable of wide diffusion by contagious propagation, to which the strongest may succumb; but there are many whose nonreceptivity is so great, that on them its assaults are harmless. Therefore, it may be inferred that we need not rely on the contagion theory so exclusively as those do who hold the opinion that that is the only way in which it arises, or is continued. Taking into consideration the operation of those causes which undoubtedly produce original cases of Tuberculosis, the apparently eccentric and otherwise unaccountable outbreaks of Glanders so frequently occurring, may probably be due to the forces at work in the tubercular process. On some future occasion I purpose to return to this subject. An imported mare by "Wild Dayrell," belonging to the King William's Town Stock and Produce Company, South Africa, presented a considerable enlargement of one of the submaxillary glands, which resisted all the usual applications for its reduction; and although there were no other urgent signs, I was somewhat anxious about her, especially as she was one of the finest mares the Company possessed. In due course she produced a foal, by a perfectly healthy sire, " King William"; no finer colt could have been desired when dropped, but in less than a week it suddenly became embarrassed in its breathing, and the dyspncea was so extreme that it died in about forty-eight hours from the; BEI NG
II6
The Veterinary Journal.
commencement of the attack. The post-mortem examination showed its otherwise healthy lungs literally crammed with tubercles of a regular size-about that of small peas-and which were as regularly and fully distributed through both lungs as currants in a well-made Christmas pudding. These tubercles were, doubtless, sown in the fretu s by the maternal circulation. Finally, I believe that in all cases of undoubted Glanders, tubercles are to be found in some of the viscera or lymphatic glands, if diligently sought for; and that the lesions characteristic of that disease are due to the disintegrating action of tuberculotic changes. [Mr. Paton's communication is interesting, and the case he describes is a valuable addition to those we have enumerated, v+.en alluding to the hereditary transmission of Glanders, in vol. i., p. 530, of Veterinary Sanitary Sdeuce and Po!£ce.]
POISONING OF ANIMALS BY SEWAGE WATER.
IN our last number (p. 49), we alluded to the death of horses and cattle from drinking water contaminated by a large amount of organic impurities, and alluded to its general resemblance to sewage. Professor Voelcker, who examined this water chemically, has kindly furnished us with the analysis he made of it; and as this is very instructive, we subjoin it. All the animals partook of this water for a month, but the horses were not fed on the same kind of food as the cattle. One horse died with symptoms of blood poisoning on October 30th, the other animals on November 1St. C01lStituents Combined.
Oxide of iron and alumina. . Organic matter and salts of ammonia * Phosphate of lime Sulphate of lime • Carbonate of lime Carbonate of mngnesia Chloride of sodium Alkaline carbonates Silica Total residue per gallon at '" Containing nitrogen Equal to ammonia.
130·
Fahr.
2'36
95 '9 1 9'19 1'95 35'16 166 3 62 '29 45'44 7'01
. 275'94